Geopolymers (GPs) are a new class of inorganic polymers that have been considered as good candidate materials for many applications, including fire resistant and refractory panels, adhesives, and coatings, waste encapsulation material, etc. The aim of this study is to establish relationship between structural and mechanical properties of geopolymers with different chemical compositions. The metakaolin-based geopolymers were prepared by mechanically mixing metakaolin and alkaline silicate aqueous solutions to obtain samples with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio that ranges from 2.5 to 5, and Na/Al or K/Al atomic ratios equal to 1. Geopolymer samples were cured in a laboratory oven at 80°C and ambient pressure for different times in the sealed containers. Structural characterization of the samples with different chemical compositions was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic-Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical characterization included Micro-indentation, Vickers indentation and fracture toughness measurement, as well as compressive testing. It was found that structure and mechanical properties of GPs depend on their chemical composition. The Na-GPs with ratio 3 have a highest compressive strength and Young‘s modulus of 39 MPa and 7.9 GPa, respectively. The results of mechanical testing are discussed in more detail in this thesis and linked to structural properties of processed geopolymers.

Accelerating and mineral admixtures, one of the major ingredients in concrete, are primarily used to modify the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Within the scope of this thesis, there were four types of cements having almost identical fineness. The mixes were prepared by using natural pozzolan, blast furnace slag and limestone conforming to TS EN 197-1 and two types of accelerating admixtures, namely triethanolamine (TEA) and calcium formate (CF). The effect of set accelerating admixtures with different cement types on the setting time, water demand and compressive strength has been analyzed by an experimental study in accordance with relevant ASTM standards. Finally, it has been observed that the amount of the accelerating admixtures used is suitable because of their effects on the water demand, setting and strength. Due to the density difference of mineral admixtures and clinker, the normal consistency and 110% flow water content should be considered on a volumetric basis. The effectiveness of the accelerating admixtures on the normal consistency water, 110% flow water content and setting time depends on the type and amount of mineral admixtures. The increase caused by CF in the normal consistency and 110% flow water content is higher than that by TEA. The accelerating effect of TEA and CF on the setting times is more significant for cements incorporating 6% mineral admixture. The effects of accelerating admixtures on the compressive strength change with specimen age, type and amount of mineral admixtures. Generally, for all cement types, early age compressive strengths increase with the increase of TEA, however long term strengths increase by increasing CF.

Cement production which is one of the most energy intensive industries plays a significant role in emitting the greenhouse gases. Blended cement production by supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and natural pozzolan is one of the smart approaches to decrease energy and ecology related concerns about the production. Fly ash has been used as a substance to produce blended cements for years, but bottom ash, its coarser counterpart, has not been utilized due to its lower pozzolanic properties. This thesis study aims to evaluate the laboratory performance of blended cements, which are produced both by fly ash and bottom ash. Fly ash and bottom ash obtained from Seyit&ouml / mer Power Plant were used to produce blended cements in 10, 20, 30 and 40% by mass as clinker replacement materials. One ordinary portland cement and eight blended cements were produced in the laboratory. Portland cement was ground 120 min to have a Blaine value of 3500&plusmn / 100 cm2/g. This duration was kept constant in the production of bottom ash cements. Fly ash cements were produced by blending of laboratory produced portland cement and fly ash. Then, 2, 7, 28 and 90 day compressive strengths, normal consistencies, soundness and time of settings of cements were determined. It was found that blended fly ash and bottom ash cements gave comparable strength results at 28 day curing age for 10% and 20% replacement. Properties of blended cements were observed to meet the requirements specified by Turkish and American standards.

This research investigates complete recycling and utilization of waste concrete to produce new structural concrete through geopolymerization. The investigation was conducted through both macro-and micro/nano-scale studies. First the geopolymer paste synthesized using a mixture of waste concrete fines (WCF) and class F fly ash (FA) as the source material and a mixture of NaOH solution (N) and Na2SiO3 solution (SS) as the alkaline activating agent was studied. Various NaOH concentrations, SS/N ratios, and WCF contents were used to produce geopolymer paste specimens in order to study their effect on the properties of the geopolymer paste. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to measure the strength of the geopolymer paste specimens. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were performed to investigate the micro/nano-structure, morphology and phase/surface elemental compositions of the geopolymer paste and the effect of calcium (Ca) on them. The results indicate that by using 10 M NaOH solution, SS/N of 2 and 50% WCF, the highest geopolymer paste strength can be obtained. Second, the interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between geopolymer (GP) and recycled aggregates (RA) were studied. Considering that RA consist of the stone particles and the attached paste/mortar from the original ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, both the ITZs between GP and natural aggregate (NA) and those between GP and residual OPC paste/mortar (ROPM) were studied. For comparison, the ITZs between OPC paste and NA and those between OPC paste and ROPM were also investigated. 4-point bending tests were conducted to measure the bonding strength of the different types of ITZs at water to solid (W/S) ratio of 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 for the geopolymer and OPC pastes after 7 and 14 days curing, respectively. SEM imaging was performed to investigate the microstructure of the ITZs. The results indicate that when NA is used, the bonding strength of both the GP-NA and OPC-NA ITZs decreases with higher water to solid (W/S) ratio. When ROPM is used, higher W/S ratio leads to smaller bonding strength for the GP-ROPM ITZ but greater bonding strength for the OPC-ROPM ITZ. Based on the measured bonding strength values for NA- and ROPM-based ITZs, the bonding strength of the GP-RA and OPC-RA ITZs was estimated by considering the average area coverage of ROPM on the RA surface. The GP-RA ITZ has the highest bonding strength among the different ITZs, implying the great potential for utilizing waste concrete (both the WCF and the RA) to produce geopolymer concrete. Third, based on the studies on geopolymer paste and ITZs, geopolymer concrete (GPC) was produced and studied using WCF and FA as the cementitious material and RA as the aggregate. For comparison, GPC using NA was also produced and studied at similar conditions. Various NaOH concentrations, SS/N ratios, and cement (WCF and FA) to aggregate (C/A) ratios were used to produce GPC specimens in order to study their effect on the behavior of GPC. The effect of water content and curing temperature on the initial setting time and 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the GPC was also studied. The results show that the GPC produced from RA has higher UCS than the GPC from NA at both room curing temperature and 35°C curing temperature. Based on this study, it can be concluded that waste concrete can be completely recycled and used to produce new structural concrete based on the geopolymerization technology. Fourth, considering that the Si/Al and Na/Al ratios have great effect on the geopolymerization process and the properties of the final geopolymer product, a study was conducted on copper mine tailings (MT)-based geopolymer containing different amount of aluminum sludge (AS). The results indicate that by including AS and utilizing appropriate amount of NaOH, the UCS can be increased significantly. The main reason is because the addition of AS along with utilization of appropriate amount of NaOH makes both the Si/Al and Na/Al ratios reach the optimum values for geopolymerization, leading to higher degree of geopolymerization and more compact geopolymer microstructure. It is noted that although this study is not directly on waste concrete, it provides useful information for optimizing the design on complete recycling and utilization of waste concrete to produce new GPC. Finally, to better understand the effect of Ca on the geopolymerization process and the properties of geopolymer, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on geopolymer at different Ca contents. The molecular models at different Ca contents were constructed and uniaxial compression test was then performed on the numerical specimens. The results indicate that MD simulation is an effective tool for studying the effect of Ca on the properties of geopolymer at nano-scale.

Παρουσιάζεται μία εναλλακτική μέθοδος έμμεσου προσδιορισμού της θλιπτικής (μονοαξονικής) αντοχής των πετρωμάτων με βάση μία τροποποιημένη μορφή της δοκιμής επιφανειακής διείσδυσης. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο έμβολα με σφαιρικά άκρα με ακτίνες 1,585mm και 5mm. Τα αποτελέσματα συγκρίνονται με αυτά της διαδεδομένης μεθόδου σημειακής φόρτισης. Αποδεικνύεται πειραματικά ότι για τα τρία ασβεστολιθικά πετρώματα που μελετήθηκαν, η δοκιμή επιφανειακής διείσδυσης δίνει σημαντικά ακριβέστερα αποτελέσματα και μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί τόσο στο εργαστήριο όσο και στο πεδίο. Επιπλέον αποδείχθηκε ότι η δοκιμή προσφέρει την δυνατότητα μη καταστροφικού ελέγχου των δοκιμίων ιδιαίτερα με το άκρο με την μικρή σφαίρα. / An alternative indirect method to determine the unconfined compressive strength of rocks based on a modified Indentation (Punch) test is presented. Two indenters with spherical tips of 1.585mm and 5mm were used. The results are compared with those of the Point Load test that is commonly used in practice. It is experimentally proved that for the three calcareous rock materials tested, this method gives significantly more accurate results and can be applied to the laboratory as well as in situ. In addition it has been proved that this test offers the possibility of non destructive testing especially when the small spherical tip is used.

Betonas – viena seniausių statybinių medžiagų pasaulyje. Netgi Egipto piramidžių perdangos yra betoninės (t.y. 3600 metų p.m.e.), dalis Didžiosios Kinijos sienos yra betoninė (300 metų p.m.e.), keletas statinių Indijoje, Romoje ir kitose vietose. Šiuo metu pagrindinės šiuolaikinės statybinės medžiagos yra betonas ir gelžbetonis. Pastaraisiais metais betono gamyba siekia apie 6 milijardus m3 ir jokios kitos statybinės medžiagos pasaulyje tokiais kiekiais nėra gaminamos. Betonas ir gelžbetonis – labai plačiai naudojama kelių, hidrotechnikos statinių, požeminių tunelių, namų ir t.t. statybai. Lietuvoje įvairiais laikotarpiais buvo statomi įvairūs HTS. Svarbesnėms jų priklauso užtvankos, kurių paskirtis užtvenkti upę, upelį ar kanalą. Daugiausia šalyje yra pastatyta žemės užtvankų su betoninėmis ir gelžbetoninėmis konstrukcijomis. Kupiškio rajone yra 14 žemių užtvankų, įtrauktų į potencialiai pavojingų hidrotechnikos statinių sąrašą (Lietuvos, 2001). Daugiausia jų pastatyta 1973 m.- 1986 m. Šiuo laikotarpiu pastatyta 10 užtvankų. Didžiausias patvankos aukštis 13 m. Dominuoja šachtinio tipo perteklinio vandens pralaidos, iš 14 tik viena slenkstinė. Hidrotechnikos statiniai naudojami sudėtingomis sąlygomis. Juos veikia atmosfera, vandens aplinka, ledas, ižas, žema temperatūra, atmosferiniai krituliai, vėjas, saulės radiacija ir kt. Daugumoje tirtų hidrotechnikos statinių vyksta paviršinė ir vidinė korozija, pastebimi plyšiai, atskirų elementų nuosėdžiai. Hidrotechnikos statinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There are many hydraulic structures in Lithuania and in most of them concrete and reinforced concrete is used. Erosion in most concrete and reinforced concrete structures has been started already and it is very important to do research, investigations and determine stage of corrosion. The main task of this work is to determine the state of earth dams’ concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as to determinate durability and compressive strength of concrete. In Kupiškis district 5 earth dams were researched and technical conditions were determined using non-destructive and destructive methods. Achieved results. It was determined that in 52% of investigated concrete constructions concrete compressive strength was less than in those shown in technical project. By using scale o defentiveness is determited that 16 % of researched constructions are in good condition, 38 % - in middle stage and 46 % are in very bad stage.

Nors gelžbetonis yra patvari statybinė medžiaga, tačiau iš šios medžiagos pastatytose konstrukcijose labai dažnai pirma laiko atsiranda įvairių pažaidų ir jos pradeda irti. Tyrimų objektas – Virbališkių hidromazge esantys hidrotechnikos statiniai. Virbališkių hidromazgas yra netoli Kačerginės Nemuno žiedo, šalia Dievogalos upelio vagos. Šio darbo metu buvo nustatyta ir įvertinta hidrotechnikos statinių būklė vizualiai. Naudojant neardančius metodus, nustatytas gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų betono stipris gniuždant c (MPa), įvertint hidromazge esančiu atraminių sienų projektinį bei esamą patikimumą, nustatyti kaip galėjo kisti konstrukcijos patikimumas sumažinus arba padidinus armatūros skerspjūvio plotą, bei padidinus arba sumažinus atstumus tarp strypų. Atlikus vizualinius Virbališkių hidromazgo tyrimus pastebėta, kad visos hidromazge esančios konstrukcijos turi pažaidų, bei konstrukcijų neatitikimo su projektu t.y. atraminėse sienose įrengta dvigubai mažiau deformacinių siūlių negu, kad jų buvo suprojektuota (6 suprojektuotos, įrengtos 3 deformacinės siūlės), žemutiniame bjefe įrengtas šlaitų tvirtinimas buvo numatytas iš surenkamų gelžbetoninių plokščių, o įrengta iš monolitinio betono.. Atlikus betono stiprio nustatymo tyrimus neardančiaisiais metodais su Šmidto plaktuku gauta, kad konstrukcijos atitinka statybos metu galiojusias normas, taip pat projekte numatytas betono klases hidromazgo konstrukcijoms. Atlikus patikimumo skaičiavimus gauta, kad konstrukcija šiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Although reinforced concrete is a durable building material, but very often early defects occur in such structures and they begin to decay. The object of research – hydraulic structures in Virbališkis hydroscheme. Virbališkis hydroscheme is situated near Kačerginė Nemunas ring, near the Dievogala stream bed. The visual condition of hydraulic structures has been identified and evaluated in this work. The concrete compressive strength of reinforced concrete structures  c (MPa) was defined using non – destructive methods, the actual and design reliability of retaining walls located in the hydroscheme were estimated, the reliability of the structure after the increase or decrease of the cross-sectional area of reinforcement as well as after the decrease or increase of the distance between the rods was defined. After the visual surveys of Virbališkis hydroscheme it was found that all the constructions situated in the hydrosheme have defects and non-compliance with the construction project, i.e., only half of the expansion joints were arranged in the retaining walls (6 designed and only 3 expansion joints were arranged). Reinforcemen of the slopes arranged in the downstream dam had to be from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels however, it was equipped with a monolithic concrete. After the fulfiment of concrete strength tests using non-destructive... [to full text]

Geopolymerization has been considered as a new technology to replace the ordinary Portland cement in construction industry. It provides an option to manage the industry waste and byproducts like fly ash, mine tailings. At the same time, the CO₂ emissions can be reduced about 80% compared to that of ordinary Portland cement. The present research includes three main parts. First part is applying mine tailings as construction materials using geopolymerization method. The study is focused on efficiently activating mine tailings, reducing alkali consumption, decreasing curing time and improving compressive strength. We investigate the activation temperature effects, the impacts of additives and effects of forming pressures. The results show that a 40 MPa unconfined compressive strength (UCS) can be achieved with the geopolymerization samples after mine tailings are activated by sodium hydroxide at 170°C for 1 hour with the addition of calcium hydroxide and alkali dissolved aluminium oxide, further compressed with a 10 MPa forming pressure and finally cured at 90°C for 3 days. To elucidate the mechanism for the contribution of additives to geopolymerization, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to investigate the micro/nanostructure and the elemental and phase composition of geopolymerization specimens. The stress-strain behavior was also characterized. The results shows that the mechanical behavior is similar with that of concrete and the dynamic modulus is 22 GPa, which is comparable with that of concrete. The Young's modulus of geopolymer product was also calculated and the value is in the range of 2.9 to 9.3 GPa. The findings of the present work provide a novel method for the geopolymerization of mine tailings as construction materials. Second section is applying fly ash as a high strength water-resistant construction material. Through the present investigation, a procedure has been studied. The experiment results indicate that the concentration of NaOH, water content, and curing condition can significantly affect the mechanical property of geopolymer matrix. At the same time, the chemical composition, especially the Si/Al ratio and calcium content, is also an important factor during geopolymerization. XRD results show that the amorphous feature can be observed for both high and low calcium fly ash. It is the key of the success of geopolymerizaton due to its high reactivity. XRD, FTIR and SEM tests were performed to study how experiment conditions and the properties of fly ash affect geopolymerization. The obtained compressive strength of the geopolymerization product can reach above 100 MPa. The stress-strain behavior was also characterized. The results shows that the dynamic modulus is 36.5 GPa. The product obtained from the present work shows very high water resistance without losing any compressive strength even after a one month soaking time. Third part is applying the mixture of class C fly ash and mine tailings as construction materials. Through the present investigation, a protocol has been set up. The experiment results of the present work also help set up the working conditions such as activation temperature and time, the concentration of NaOH, the addition of Ca(OH)₂, forming pressure, mine tailing to class C fly ash weight ratio, curing temperature and curing time. To elucidate the mechanism for the contribution of additives to geopolymerization, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as SEM/EDX, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate the micro/nanostructure and the elemental and phase composition of geopolymerization composite. The obtained compressive strength of the geopolymerization product can reach above 60 MPa. The stress-strain behavior of the geopolymer matrix of the mixture of mine tailing and fly ash were also characterized and the results show that the mechanical behavior is similar to that of concrete with a 24 GPa dynamic modulus. The Young's modulus of geopolymer product was also calculated and the value is in the range of 4.0 to 13.5 GPa. The findings of the present work provide a novel method for the geopolymerization of the mixture of mine tailings and class C fly ash as construction materials, such as bricks for construction and road pavement.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valesilva_b_me_ilha.pdf: 3835531 bytes, checksum: acaf2d15090c471b1c668987fa04ee51 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O concreto armado fundamenta-se quase que essencialmente no trabalho conjunto do concreto e do aço, sendo a aderência entre estes um dos principais responsáveis pelo bom desempenho do concreto armado. Vários tipos de ensaios de aderência foram propostos ao longo dos anos. O mais usado, dada a sua simplicidade e eficiência, é o chamado pull-out test, proposto pela RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983). Vários pesquisadores têm estudado o fenômeno da aderência e aplicado este ensaio com sucesso, e tornou-se claro que a resistência à compressão de concreto é um parâmetro fundamental para determinar a tensão de aderência. Considerando satisfatória esta relação entre a resistência à compressão e tensão de aderência e, diante dos problemas conhecidos de confiabilidade associados com a moldagem, cura e ruptura dos corpos-de-prova de concreto para os ensaios de compressão, foi verificado e proposto por Lorrain e Barbosa (2008) uma inversão na forma de obtenção da resistência do concreto: a utilização do ensaio de arrancamento pull-out test enquanto ensaio de controle de qualidade do concreto, em situações previstas de ruptura. Este ensaio modificado a partir do pull-out test foi denominado de ensaio APULOT, e foi idealizado como uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo para os ensaios tradicionais de resistência à compressão, podendo ser realizado no próprio canteiro de obras, utilizando para fins de redução de custos, garrafas plásticas PET como moldes para os corpos-de-prova. Este trabalho prioriza a investigação da proposta feita por Lorrain e Barbosa (2008), controlando parâmetros em laboratório e comparando os dois tipos de ensaios de aderência aço-concreto: o ensaio padronizado pela RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983) (pull-out test) e o pull-out test modificado (APULOT). Para isto utilizou-se duas classes de resistência de concreto, barras de aço de diâmetros... / The reinforced concrete works as a structural material basically because there is a suitable bond mechanism between steel and concrete, which is the responsible for the good performance of a reinforced concrete. Various types of bonding tests have been proposed a long this years. The most widely used, given its simplicity and efficiency, is the so-called Pull-Out Test, proposed by RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983). Several researchers have applied and studied this test, and it has become clear that concrete compressive strength is a fundamental parameter in order to determine the bond stress. Considering the well-documented relation between compressive strength and bond stress, and aware of the well-known reliability issues associated with the casting, curing and testing of concrete specimens for concrete compressive tests, it was verified and proposed by Lorrain and Barbosa (2008) an inversion in the form of obtainment of the resistance of the concrete: the use of a modified Pull-Out test to estimate compressive strength, the main control parameter used in concrete technology control, in foreseen situations of rupture. This modified Pull-Out test procedure, denominated APULOT, was conceived as a simple and low-cost alternative to traditional compressive strength measurements, these could be carried out in loco, the test uses recycled PET bottles as moulds for reduce cost. This work prioritizes the research proposal by Lorrain, fixing parametres and comparing the two types bonding tests steel-concrete: the standardized test by RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983) (pull-out test) and pull-out test modified (APULOT). For this using two classes concrete compressive strength, steel bars of diameter 8.0 mm, 10.0 mm and 12.5 mm and ruptures of two tests were conducted at ages 3, 7 and 28 days. The results indicate that the correlation between the and middle bond stress and compressive strength of concrete ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Mônica Pinto Barbosa / Banca: André Luís Gamino / Banca: Luiz Carlos Pinto da Silva Filho / Resumo: O concreto armado fundamenta-se quase que essencialmente no trabalho conjunto do concreto e do aço, sendo a aderência entre estes um dos principais responsáveis pelo bom desempenho do concreto armado. Vários tipos de ensaios de aderência foram propostos ao longo dos anos. O mais usado, dada a sua simplicidade e eficiência, é o chamado pull-out test, proposto pela RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983). Vários pesquisadores têm estudado o fenômeno da aderência e aplicado este ensaio com sucesso, e tornou-se claro que a resistência à compressão de concreto é um parâmetro fundamental para determinar a tensão de aderência. Considerando satisfatória esta relação entre a resistência à compressão e tensão de aderência e, diante dos problemas conhecidos de confiabilidade associados com a moldagem, cura e ruptura dos corpos-de-prova de concreto para os ensaios de compressão, foi verificado e proposto por Lorrain e Barbosa (2008) uma inversão na forma de obtenção da resistência do concreto: a utilização do ensaio de arrancamento pull-out test enquanto ensaio de controle de qualidade do concreto, em situações previstas de ruptura. Este ensaio modificado a partir do pull-out test foi denominado de ensaio APULOT, e foi idealizado como uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo para os ensaios tradicionais de resistência à compressão, podendo ser realizado no próprio canteiro de obras, utilizando para fins de redução de custos, garrafas plásticas PET como moldes para os corpos-de-prova. Este trabalho prioriza a investigação da proposta feita por Lorrain e Barbosa (2008), controlando parâmetros em laboratório e comparando os dois tipos de ensaios de aderência aço-concreto: o ensaio padronizado pela RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983) (pull-out test) e o pull-out test modificado (APULOT). Para isto utilizou-se duas classes de resistência de concreto, barras de aço de diâmetros ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The reinforced concrete works as a structural material basically because there is a suitable bond mechanism between steel and concrete, which is the responsible for the good performance of a reinforced concrete. Various types of bonding tests have been proposed a long this years. The most widely used, given its simplicity and efficiency, is the so-called Pull-Out Test, proposed by RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983). Several researchers have applied and studied this test, and it has become clear that concrete compressive strength is a fundamental parameter in order to determine the bond stress. Considering the well-documented relation between compressive strength and bond stress, and aware of the well-known reliability issues associated with the casting, curing and testing of concrete specimens for concrete compressive tests, it was verified and proposed by Lorrain and Barbosa (2008) an inversion in the form of obtainment of the resistance of the concrete: the use of a modified Pull-Out test to estimate compressive strength, the main control parameter used in concrete technology control, in foreseen situations of rupture. This modified Pull-Out test procedure, denominated APULOT, was conceived as a simple and low-cost alternative to traditional compressive strength measurements, these could be carried out in loco, the test uses recycled PET bottles as moulds for reduce cost. This work prioritizes the research proposal by Lorrain, fixing parametres and comparing the two types bonding tests steel-concrete: the standardized test by RILEM/CEB/FIP RC6 (CEB, 1983) (pull-out test) and pull-out test modified (APULOT). For this using two classes concrete compressive strength, steel bars of diameter 8.0 mm, 10.0 mm and 12.5 mm and ruptures of two tests were conducted at ages 3, 7 and 28 days. The results indicate that the correlation between the and middle bond stress and compressive strength of concrete ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre