In recent years, the risks created by the import of energy on the security of energy supply has encouraged countries to utilize local resources to a greater extend, and for many countries including Turkey coal is at the top of the local resources. However, it is not sufficient for countries to have an energy resource itself. Intens competition in today&#039 / s globalized system requires the resources to be produced and utilized in the most economical manner. The supply of the resources to the market in a competitive way is possible by employing an efficient operation, which is then possible only through the business units producing these resources working efficiently. In this study, the efficiencies of the eight establishments of the Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Super Efficiency (SE) and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MI) methodologies. For the analyses, three output oriented models were constructed and used: Production Efficiency, Revenue Efficiency and Work Safety Efficiency models. In determining the input and output data used in the analyses, it was benefited from similar studies searched in the literature, knowledge of business and economics and a series of brainstorming of the expert panel consisting of ten high level representatives of the public and private lignite mining companies as well as that of the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. As a part of the analyses, first the production and revenue efficiencies of the establishments were analyzed by using Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) methods of DEA. Within this context, efficient and inefficient establishments for the years between 2006 to 2009, and benchmarks for inefficient establishments to move to becoming efficient were determined. Furthermore, for the production and revenue efficiency models, the target values and improvement potentials for the inefficient establishments in CRS analyses to becoming more efficient were calculated by using benchmarks tables and 2009 realized values of inputs and outputs. Second, the efficiency rankings of the efficient establishments among themselves between 2006 to 2009 were determined by using SE methodology. Third, to provide the dynamic analysis of the development of the establishments&#039 / s efficiency levels in time, the changes of production, revenue and work safety efficiencies of the establishments between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed using the Malmquist Index (MI) methodology. MI analyses included the analysis of the efficiencies in four efficiency components (Technical, Technological, Pure and Scale efficiencies) as well as the calculation of the Total Factor Productivity Indexes of the establishments.

Bank performance is one of the vital issues for the healthy functioning of the Turkish economy. This study aims to measure performance levels of the banks in Turkey and to find the factors affecting those levels for the period of 2006-2010. Although the measures evaluating bank performance are ample in amounts we choose two different approaches: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) measuring bank efficiency and CAMELS analysis. DEA is carried out in different levels: first for top 14 banks in the economy / then separating the banks as the state banks, the domestic private banks and the foreign private banks. Also long term and short term, and public and non-public assets and liabilities distinctions are made in the analyses. The bank performance measures obtained from DEA and CAMELS analysis are compared and the factors affecting the performances of the Turkish banks are analyzed. The results show that high efficiency levels of the state banks decrease when the public assets and liabilities are excluded. The state banks and domestic private banks have high CAMELS&#039 / ratios, while the foreign banks have low ones. Both the bank-specific and macroeconomic factors, like ownership type, publicly trading and ATM net, play important roles in the determination of the efficiency levels of the banks in Turkey.

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This research use three phase stage- Data Envelopment Analysis to examine six power transmit organizations of Taipower Company from 2002 to 2006 regarding the statistical data of Taipower Company. In phase one, using SBM-DEA method analyses the management efficiency and the amount of input and output variable. Second, using SFA regression analysis probe into the environmental variable influencing degree to each power transmit organizations of Taipower Company. In addition, it take account of the environmental effect and the random interference effect to improve input and output variable. Finally, by way of DEA and Malmguist productivity index, it can measure the relative effects and the productivity change situation between each power transmit organization. The model result shows that SBM-DEA can weigh input difference and total output difference at the same time, by the way of using ratio adjustment, it can determine the really administration efficiency of every power transmit organization. According to phase one analysis results, Only 7 DMUs efficiency value are 1, it is 23% of all the DMUs efficiency value and shows that still have very big improvement space. By the regression analysis of phase 2, we know that the environmental parameter will exert an huge influence on input and output difference, in which the most influence is total asserts rate for working capital, asserts value, accident times, circuit lose and power supply. After adjustment every DMUs, there are 20 efficiency values getting higher, with 5 efficiency values unchanged, with 5 efficiency values decreasing. The amount of getting higher efficiency value is approximately 67% all of the DMUs. After adjustment environmental parameter, there is above 73% change in rank, with 9 DMUs advancement in rank ,13 DMUs degeneracy in rank, and only 8 DMUs unchanged. It shows that 9 DMUs work in unwell environment before adjustment, and 13 DMUs work in well environment before adjustment. It also shows that each power transmit organization still exist difference in working environment. Although the whole power transmit system efficiency represent is no bad ,but it still has large improvement space. Furthermore, according to Malmquist model efficiency index analysis from 2002 to 2006 data of power transmit system show that the total productivity element in Taipei, Hsintou, Chinan and Kaoping power transmit organization are higher than 1, it can attributes to the increasing of technology ,and Taizhong, Huitung, power transmit organization are lesser than 1, it can attributes to the decreasing of technology efficiency.

This research use three phase stage- Data Envelopment Analysis to examine 49 police stations, 10 police precincts of Kaohsiung City Government Police Bureau(KCGPB) from 2003 to 2007 regarding the statistical data of KCGPB. In phase one, using SBM-DEA method analyses the management efficiency and the amount of input and output variable. In second phase, using SFA regression analyses to probe into the environmental variable influencing degree to each police station of KCGPB. In addition, it takes account of the environmental effect and the random interference effect to improve input and output variable. Finally, by way of DEA and Malmguist productivity index, it can measure the relative effects and the productivity change situations between each police station. The model result shows that SBM-DEA can weigh input difference and total output difference at the same time, by the way of using ratio adjustment, it can determine the really administration efficiency of every police station. According to phase one analysis results, 245 DMUs efficiency values are below 1, it is almost 100% of all the DMUs efficiency values and shows that still have very big improvement space. By the regression analysis of phase 2, we know that the environmental parameter will exert an huge influence on input and output difference, in which the most influence is the environmental parameters of violence crime on duty-costs, public services, and real-time solution of criminal cases. After adjustment every DMUs, there are 245 efficiency values getting higher. The amount of getting higher efficiency value is almost 100% of all the DMUs. After adjustment environmental parameter, about 96% change in rank, with 24 DMUs advancement in rank, 23 DMUs degeneracy in rank, and only 2 DMUs unchanged. It shows that 24 DMUs work in unwell environment before adjustment, and 23 DMUs work in well environment before adjustment. It also shows that each police station still exist difference in working environment. Although the whole efficiency of thw police stations represent is not bad, but it still has large improvement space. Furthermore, according to Malmquist model efficiency index analysis from 2003 to 2007 data of all police stations shows that the total productivity element in Sanming First Precinct, Sanming Second Precinct, Cianjhen Precinct, Gushan Precinct, Yancheng Precinct, Zuoying Precinct and Siaogang Precinct are higher than 1, it can attributes to the increasing of technology; Sinsing and Lingya Precincts are lesser than 1, it can attributes to the decreasing of technology efficiency.

<p>This paper offers to measure efficiency of banks in Sub Saharan Africa and its determining input andout put factors on two fonts. At this purpose, we applied the first font; Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) for assessing efficiency level. The actual and target level of inputs/outputs to foster efficiencyare shown in the results. Secondly, the banks ratio analysis measuring banks performance throughreturns volatility for each bank, asset utilization and provision for bad and doubtful debts over thestudy period are all used as tools for this analysis. Our results suggest that Sub Saharan AfricanBanks are about 98.35% efficient. We are aware that the level of efficiency could be subject to up anddown swing if environmental factors influencing banks efficiency where taken into consideration.Finally, our result (DEA) is more sensitive to loans, other liabilities, other non interest expense,securities and deposit.</p>

Die heutige Informationsgesellschaft hat die Formen des menschlichen Handelns in vielen Bereichen des taeglichen Lebens veraendert. Die Moeglichkeit, Informationen über das Internet auszutauschen, draengt konventionelle Kommunikationsformen immer mehr in den Hintergrund. Gerade in den Bereichen eBusiness und ePayment, welche aufgrund der zunehmenden Globalisierung unabdingbar sind, spielen dabei die Sicherheit und die Authentitaet der uebertragenen Daten eine wichtige Rolle. Meine Seminararbeit stellt den Data Encryption Standard (DES) in seiner Funktionsweise vor, diskutiert kritisch dessen Sicherheit und gibt einen Ausblick auf neue Verschluesselungstechnologien, welche im Begriff sind, den Data Encryption Standard und seine verschiedenen Versionen abzuloesen.

China has undertaken a series of comprehensive economic and banking reform programs over the past three decades. As part of the WTO agreement, the domestic financial sector is fully open to foreign investors from WTO member countries in 2006. To answer the challenges, the policy makers and management of SOCB have been introducing two major steps to improve the Competitiveness of the commercial banks: transfer the bad debts to asset management companies and inject foreign exchange reserves to capital. However, the qualitative study shows that the general performance of the state-owned commercial banks is unstable during this period. It is high time that the consequences and efficiency of the reform were examined on an objective basis. This research offers a careful and rigorous examination of the condition and determinants of banking efficiency and competitiveness in China, with the focus on the state-owned commercial banks. The key contribution of this study is to develop a comprehensive empirical framework to measure and explain the performance of the state-owned commercial banks during the crucial transitional period from 1998 to 2003. This research examines the banking market conditions on the basis of a synthesis of the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm and other alternative hypotheses. The thesis reveals that the state-owned commercial banks still dominate in both retail and business banking markets. The interest earnings remain the dominant source of commercial revenues. Due to the special relationship with government and their operational characters in the financial market, the state-owned commercial banks are not sensitive to monetary policy adjustments. The competition from other type of commercial banks has been strengthening, but the impact is rather limited. The main contribution of this study to the empirical literature on the Chinese banking market is the employment of the Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks at provincial level, followed by a panel econometric investigation into the differences in banking efficiency across the stat-owned commercial banking groups as well as individual provinces. The results show that the level of banking efficiency was generally very low and there was a significant extent of input surplus among the provincial branches. The source of inefficiency is different among individual banking groups. The econometric study reveals that the SOCBs benefit from the concentrated market structure and strong complementary relationship with their traditional business areas. The empirical results have also shed light on further policy measures to enhance banking competition and performance in China.

Σημαντικό ρόλο, σε οποιαδήποτε δράση ή διαδικασία, παίζει η αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων. Η αξιολόγηση, εκτός από την επίτευξη κάποιου στόχου, μπορεί να έχει την έννοια της σύγκρισης με άλλες μονάδες ή την προσπάθεια εκτίμησης της διαχρονικής προόδου. Έχουν αναπτυχθεί διάφορες μέθοδοι αξιολόγησης, ενώ το πεδίο εφαρμογής είναι ιδιαίτερα ευρύ. Στην παρούσα εργασία έγινε εστίαση στον τομέα της εκπαίδευσης, με τη βοήθεια της Περιβάλλουσας Ανάλυσης Δεδομένων (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) που αποτελεί μια μέθοδο αποτίμησης της αποδοτικότητας ενός συνόλου συγκρίσιμων και ομοιογενών ομάδων. Χαρακτηριστικό της συγκεκριμένης μεθοδολογίας αποτελεί ο διαχωρισμός των Μονάδων Λήψης Αποφάσεων σε αποδοτικές και μη αποδοτικές. Με βάση αυτή τη παράμετρο, έγινε προσπάθεια διερεύνησης της αποτελεσματικότητας 37 Ελληνικών Εκπαιδευτικών Ιδρυμάτων που συμμετείχαν στο πρόγραμμα κοινοτικής δράσης ERASMUS κατά τα ακαδημαϊκά έτη 2007-08 έως 2010-11 Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της εργασίας όλες τις ακαδημαϊκές χρονιές υπήρξαν αποδοτικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα με τα περισσότερα να συγκεντρώνονται το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2008-09. Είναι άξιο παρατήρησης ότι ο αριθμός των αποδοτικών Εκπαιδευτικών Ιδρυμάτων σε σχέση με το σύνολο των εξεταζόμενων είναι μικρός. Παράλληλα, διαπιστώνεται ότι η παρουσία των αποδοτικών Τεχνολογικών Ιδρυμάτων είναι ιδιαίτερα ασθενής έως και μηδαμινή. Τέλος, υπάρχει μια συνολική πτωτική τάση των αποδοτικών Εκπαιδευτικών Ιδρυμάτων κατά τη διάρκεια των υπό εξέταση ακαδημαϊκών ετών. / The evaluation of the results plays a significant role in every action or procedure. Apart from achieving a goal, the evaluation of the results can have some other comprehensions such as the comparison with other decision making units or the attempt to estimate the longitudinal progress. Several methods of evaluation of results have developed throughout the years with the implementation of them being really vast. This master thesis focuses on the field of Education, using the Data Envelopment Analysis, which is a method of evaluating the efficiency in a set of comparable and homogeneous groups. Basic feature of this specific method is to distinguish the efficient decision making units and the inefficient ones. Based on this parameter, it is attempted to investigate the efficiency of 37 Greek Educational Institutes that took part in the ERASMUS Program, from the academic year 2007-08 to 2010-11. According to the results of this thesis, efficient Educational Institutes are found throughout the questioned academic years that above mentioned, with the majority of them being met in the academic year 2008-09. It is worth mentioning that the number of the efficient Educational Institutes in comparison with the total amount that was investigated is small, while the presence of the efficient Technological ones compared to the Universities is limited if not absent. Finally, there is an overall downward trend in the number of the efficient Educational Institutes during the questioned academic years.

This paper offers to measure efficiency of banks in Sub Saharan Africa and its determining input andout put factors on two fonts. At this purpose, we applied the first font; Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) for assessing efficiency level. The actual and target level of inputs/outputs to foster efficiencyare shown in the results. Secondly, the banks ratio analysis measuring banks performance throughreturns volatility for each bank, asset utilization and provision for bad and doubtful debts over thestudy period are all used as tools for this analysis. Our results suggest that Sub Saharan AfricanBanks are about 98.35% efficient. We are aware that the level of efficiency could be subject to up anddown swing if environmental factors influencing banks efficiency where taken into consideration.Finally, our result (DEA) is more sensitive to loans, other liabilities, other non interest expense,securities and deposit.