Two decay channels of the ω(782) meson, into π+π-π0 and π+π-, are studied. The dynamics of the three-pion channel is represented using a two-dimensional distribution, called a Dalitz plot. A high-statistics Dalitz plot distribution is needed to test theoretical predictions and increase understanding of the decay mechanism. The isospin-breaking two-pion decay gives insight into the ρ-ω mixing. The ω→π+π- decay has previously been studied in π+π- spectra in high statistics e+e- experiments and with lower statistics in hadroproduction experiments. The collected evidence indicates that the resulting interference pattern strongly depends on the production reaction. In 2011 an experiment to investigate ω hadronic decays in pd→3Heω reaction was performed with the WASA detector. Two studies based on the collected data are included in this thesis. In the first, the dominant decay channel ω→π+π-π0 is selected and two experimental Dalitz plot distributions are created. Each distribution corresponds to one of the two incident beam energies used in the experiment. A fit to the Dalitz plots is performed using a parametrisation including the expected P-wave shape. The result indicates an onset of the intermediate ρ in the two-pion channel, as predicted by theoretical models. The efficiency corrected Dalitz plot bin contents are reported to facilitate comparison to theoretical predictions by direct fits to the experimental data. In the second study, the ω→π+π- decay channel is selected. For events with a 3Heπ+π- final state, the 3He missing mass is constructed in search for the ρ-ω interference pattern in pd production. No significant deviations around the ω mass position was found. Dedicated studies using experimental data to estimate background contribution and to extract signal acceptance shows that the background is too large to observe the expected signal with the collected data sample. The last part of the thesis presents pre-studies for using data collected at the KLOE detector for an ω→π+π-π0 Dalitz plot analysis. Since the ω mesons are produced in the e+e-→ωπ0 reaction, the study focuses on the impact of the π0-π0 interference.

This thesis presents measurements of the branching fractions B(Ds -> lvl) and mea- surements of the pseudoscalar decay constant, fDs , using all the data acquired at the BaBar detector at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which were collected from September 1999 to April 2007, and comprised 531 fb-1. The following mea- surements are made: B(Ds -> eve) = (6:11 +/-0:38 +/- 0:33) * 10-3, B(Ds -> tvt) = (5:06 +/- 0:34 +/- 0:50) * 10-2 , and a limit B(Ds -> eve) < 1:46 * 10-4 is obtained. Using these measurements a value of fDs = 252 +/- 6 +/- 7 +/- 1MeV is obtained, where the first uncertainties account for the statistical limitations of the data, the second uncertainties account for the systematic uncertainties, and the third uncertainties account for uncertainties associated with other physical constants (dominated by the lifetime of the Ds meson).

This thesis presents two studies of charged charm meson decays using proton- proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb⁻¹, recorded by the LHCb experiment. A search for D_(s)^&plus; &rarr; &pi;^&plus;&mu;^&plus;&mu;^- decays is performed. Rare decays of charged charm mesons have not previously been observed unlike their counterpart B meson and kaon decays. Such decays are c &rarr; u quark transitions and take place via loop diagrams within the Standard Model. Measurements of their branching fractions are an indirect test of New Physics, whose virtual contributions may enhance such quantities. No signals are observed and the 90&percnt; (95&percnt;) CL limits on the branching fractions, the most stringent to date, are found to be, B(D^&plus; &rarr; &pi;^&plus;&mu;^&plus;&mu;^-) &LT; 2.9 (3.3) × 10^-8, B(D_s^&plus; &rarr; &pi;^&plus;&mu;^&plus;&mu;^-) &LT; 1.76 (1.91) × 10^-7. The charge asymmetry measurement of D+ &rarr; &pi;+&pi;0 using &pi;0 &rarr; e^&plus;e^-&gamma; decays is also described. Charge asymmetry in the Standard Model is expected to be small for charm meson decays. Any measured deviation from zero would be evidence of New Physics. This decay has not previously been observed at a hadron collider and the measurement acts as a 'proof of principle' study allowing a future analysis to examine the decay mode. No evidence of CP violation is found.

This dissertation documents a study of very rare B-meson decays at the LHCb experiment, using data taken during the first experiment run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and during the second experiment run until September 2016. The LHCb experiment was designed to test the Standard Model of particle physics and to search for New Physics effects that go beyond the scope of the Standard Model through the decay of b hadrons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The measurements described in this dissertation are made using data samples of proton-proton collisions with integrated luminosities of 1.0, 2.0 and 1.4fb⁻¹, collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. All results are consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model.

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Les études des propriétés et du mécanisme de la production du charmonium ont débuté avec la découverte du méson J/ψ. Depuis plus de 40 ans, le mécanisme de production de charmonium n'est toujours pas clair. Les états de charmonium sont copieusement produits dans les collisionneurs hadroniques, ce qui permet d'étudier systématiquement leurs paramètres de résonance, leur production et leurs désintégrations. En dépit des taux de production élevés, de nombreux états de charmonium sont peu étudiés suite aux difficultés de leur reconstruction avec le bruit de fond important. L’expérience LHCb offre une opportunité unique d’étudier les états S et P de charmonium en utilisant leurs désintégrations vers des hadrons, et en particulier la production des états ηc et χc. Selon le formalisme de la QCD non relativiste (NRQCD), les éléments de matrice décrivant l’hadronisation des états S (ou P) du charmonium sont liés. Par conséquent, les mesures LHCb fournissent les nouveaux tests rigoureux de NRQCD. Dans le cadre de la thèse, la première mesure de la section efficace de production de l’état ηc(1S) à √s=13 TeV et la mesure la plus précise de la masse sont effectués, avec la désintégration de l'état ηc(1S) vers proton et antiproton. De plus, la production des états χc et ηc(2S) dans les désintégrations des hadrons b est étudiée en utilisant leurs désintégrations vers φφ. Les résultats obtenus sont confrontés aux prédictions de modèles théoriques. L’analyse phénoménologique originale démontre que la description de la production de charmonium dans les collisions hadroniques et de la production dans les désintégrations inclusives des hadrons b dans la gamme entière des impulsions transverses demeure un défi. / Studies of charmonium properties and production mechanism started with the discovery of J/ψ meson. Since more than 40 years the charmonium production mechanism is still not entirely understood. Following the era of investigations at e⁺e⁻ machines, nowadays, charmonium states are copiously produced at hadron colliders, that allows systematic studies of their resonance parameters, production observables and decays. Despite large production rates, many charmonium states are barely studied due to the complications of their reconstruction against a large background level. The LHCb experiment provides a unique opportunity to study S-wave and P-wave charmonium states using their decays to hadrons. This allows measuring production observables of ηc and χc charmonium states. According to the theoretical formalism of Non-Relativistic QCD (NRQCD), the production observables of the same wave charmonium states are linked. Hence, the LHCb measurements provide a series of stringent tests of NRQCD. In the framework of this thesis, the first measurement of the ηc(1S) differential production cross-section at √s=13 TeV and the most precise to date single mass measurement are performed, where the ηc(1S)$ state is reconstructed via its decay to proton and antiproton. In addition, the production of the χc and ηc(2S) states in b-hadron decays is studied using decays to φφ. The obtained results are confronted with existing theory predictions. The original phenomenological analysis concludes that the description of charmonium prompt production and production in inclusive b-hadron decays in an entire range of transverse momentum remains a challenge.

Two analyses are performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment during 2011. Both consider decays of charged B mesons reconstructed in the π±μ+μ− final state. Decays involving dimuons provide an experimentally clean signature, even in the high-background environment of the √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The first analysis measures the CP asymmetry of B±→Ψπ± decays using 0.37 fb-1 of data, where the dimuon decays of two resonances are considered, J/ψ→μ+μ− and ψ(2S)→μ+μ−. The branching fraction is measured relative to the Cabibbo favoured B±→ΨK± mode. The second analysis uses 1 fb-1 of data to make the first observation of the non-resonant B±→π±μ+μ− decay. The branching fraction is measured relative to that of B±→K±μ+μ−, and measurements of the CP asymmetry and the ratio of CKM matrix elements Vtd/Vts are obtained. The branching fractions of the decays of interest are found to be B(B±→J/ψ π±) = (3.88 ± 0.11 ± 0.15) x 10-5, B(B±→ψ(2S) π±) = (2.52 ± 0.26 ± 0.15) x 10-5 and B(B±→π±μ+μ−) = (2.48 + 0.57 −0.52 ± 0.17) x 10-8, where the first uncertainty is related to the statistical size of the sample and the second quantifies systematic effects. The measured CP asymmetries in these modes are A CP (J/ψ π) = 0.005 ± 0.027 ± 0.011, A CP (ψ(2S) π) = 0.048 ± 0.090 ± 0.011 and A CP (μμπ) = -0.045 ± 0.220 ± 0.066, with no evidence of direct CP violation seen. The ratio of matrix elements is measured as Vtd/Vts = 0.274 + 0.031 − 0.028 ± 0.008, which is in agreement with previous results.