Resume: A comparison of current and deposit account contract The original purpose of the diploma thesis " A comparison of current and deposit account contract" had been to describe and analyse the existing legislation of the Current Account Contract and the Deposit Account Contract regulated by Act No. 513/1991 Coll., the Commercial Code, as amended by subsequent legislation, further to compare them and to draw the appropriate legal conclusions out of this comparison. With respect to the development of legal control, in particular due to passing the Act No. 284/2009 Coll., on payment system, as amended by subsequent legislation, and the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, it was necessary to modify the meaning of this thesis in the way to reflect new statutory regulation resulting out of the above, while respecting existing regulations. The aim of the thesis thus became a description, analysis and comparison of the Current Account and Deposit Account Contract and a description and analysis of the Contract for Payment Services, all of above covered by the description and subsequent comparison with the Account Contract. The thesis is conceived primarily to comparison of the above-mentioned statutory regulations with the fact that some of the more significant and at the same time problematic legal issues...

English summary Banking The main objective of my thesis is to survey characteristics of legal and economic status of banks in the Czech Republic and legal relations resulting from interactions between commercial banks and their clients within the term banking. This thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter concerns legal and economic status of banks in the Czech Republic, structure and system of banking, banking franchise and bank management. The second chapter is related to characteristics and systematization of bank products, business secrets, prices of bank products, banking risks and supervision over banking transactions. The third chapter of my thesis touches upon the first main category of banking, which is deposit banking. The relation between the bank and its client is that of the debtor and the creditor. In the chapter I discuss the possibilities of a bank to acquire money from a client. Firstly the bank can save money on current accounts or saving accounts. Secondly issuing bank securities is another possibility for a bank to acquire money from its clients. Bank bonds or deposit bills of exchange are cases in point. In the last chapter I focused on the second main category of banking, bank credit products. Clients obtain credits from banks and as a result the bank is in the position...

1 Abstract Transfers of land ownership This thesis provides a clear and comprehensive explanation on the transfer of land ownership and institutions associated with this issue. Land from other things in the legal sense is so different that it raises the need to create specific legal regulations, which contain the basic institutions and principles of land law. The special nature of the land is determined by its specific characteristics that distinguish it from all other things. Although it has a long tradition of land ownership, it has still not developed it's uniform and comprehensive legislation. General law for the transfer of land ownership is a civil code. Special regulations are cadastral law and the law on registration of ownership and other rights in real estate, the law on transfers of agricultural and forest land, Land Act and others. Due to the adoption of a new civil code, there are some places to identify and compare to the current legal system, and possible adjustment for the future. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part contains general characteristics of land ownership, and describes its object, subject, content, institutions and basic concepts that are associated. The second part deals with various ways of transfer of title to land. The basic meaning of transfer is when the...

The reasons of the contemporaly regulation in the waste management regarding the theoretical basis (on that the regulation is built) are the main objectives of this work. Because of high induced costs of the erroneous state measures built on wrong expectations in the economy and because of less effectiveness and efficiency of these measures this analysis is very important. The test of induced costs should be accomplished on the example of the deposit system on one-way containers (PET bottles and cans), which should be implemented into the public law in the Czech republic in next few years. Hardly any measure in the waste management is provoking so intensive diskussion, as the deposit system on some beverages does. What is the main reason? Especially the rise of abatement costs by subjects influenced by the deposit system and the influence on the system of separate collection. The deposit system and the separate collection are competitive systems because of the reciprocal relationship. Regarding the driving forces of the regulation the main goal of this work is the modelling of costs and benefits of the deposit system in the Czech republic and the analysis of the decision making proces of affected subjects.

by Lo Hin-wo Walter. / Bibliography: leaf 43 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

<p>In order to reduce the discharge of the greenhouse gas CO2, the use of biomass is nowadays promoted as fuel in boilers. Compared to boilers fired with coal and oil the biomass-fired boilers have more complications related to both fouling and corrosion on the heat transfer surfaces. After the combustion, unburned inorganic matter in state of vapour, melts and solid particles are transported in the flue gas and may form deposits on heat transfer surfaces.</p><p>Deposits on the heat transfer surfaces may result in both increasing corrosion and decreasing boiler efficiency as the heat transfer rate to the superheaters and reheaters decrease by deposits.</p><p>In order to understand the process of deposit build-up, the whole combustion and transport process had to be analysed including aspects such as, boiler design, fuel properties and combustion environment, followed by particle transport phenomena and the probability for particles to get stuck on the heat transfer tubes.</p><p>In this thesis numerical simulation of particle trajectories has been conducted as well as measurements of deposits on a special designed deposit probe followed by investigation of on-site measurements of deposit depth on the super-heater tubes in a circulating fluidised bed in Västerås, Sweden.</p><p>Numerical simulations of particle trajectories in the vicinity of two super-heater tubes were conducted in an Eulerian-Lagrangian mode considering the flue gas and ash particles phase. Particle impingements on the tubes were investigated for different particle sizes. The results from the particle trajectory simulations show that particle larger than 10 µm will mainly impinge on the windward side of the first tube but, however also on the sides of the second tube in the flue gas flow direction. In theory as well as from observations and measurements two tubes can merge together by the deposit build-up. Smaller particles are usually more dispersed due to turbulence and thermophorectic forces, resulting in a more even impingement distribution on the whole surface of the tubes.</p><p>Probe measurements reveal that the deposit layer growth rate have a significant temperature and time dependence. After the initial deposit build-up a sintering process occurs and sintering is also proven to be dependent on temperature and exposure time.</p><p>Soot-blowing is the most common method to reduce the effect of deposits on the heat transfer tubes. In the present thesis the soot boiling efficiency is therefore also investigated. The soot-blowing show a strong positive effect on the heat transfer rate in a short time (hours) perspective after a soot-blowing cycle is completed. This positive effect is much weaker when considering a time period of three years. This is an effect of fact that soot-blowing mostly remove the loose part of the deposit material leaving the hard sintered part unaffected.</p><p>The subject of deposit build up on superheater tubes in large scale boilers involves multi-discipline knowledge and historically, the related research is mostly conducted as measurements and experiments on operating plants. Possibly in the future, theoretical simulations will have a bigger part of research on deposit build-up where the calculations are to be calibrated through measurements on real sites plants.</p>

Our country, the same type of deposit applies the same interest rate. The reserve ratio in the world has gradually been reduced even adjusted to zero. Because of the control policy increases in bank operating costs, and impact the efficiency of resource allocationa. The competent national authorities still see the control policy as the main monetary policy. Domestic banks under this system face a very high control costs. Presently our country is still unable to adopt "zero" reserve, so this study consider existing banking supervision system to develop a "Risk-Based Deposit System" for existing national reserve system.The concept of risk stratification derives from deposit insurance, using the capital adequacy ratio, banks integrated risk rating score and the financial leverage ratio. Each Bank based on their respective level of risk to employ different deposit reserve ratio. "Risk-Based Deposit System" can make the banking sector to spontaneously reduce their own business risk in order to meet the lower deposit reserve ratio of the risk criteria. Therefore, it will help banking sector to reduce regulatory burden, and assist banks in Taiwan to follow Basel III to strengthen its competitiveness and meet the world trend.

My research focuses on the reasons for banking crises and the corresponding policy rules that could help prevent such crises. This abstract briefly reviews the two essays in my dissertation. The first essay focuses on the optimal mechanism design of the deposit insurance system while the second essay studies the impact of international illiquidity on domestic banking crises. The Recent Deposit Insurance Reform in the U.S. raised the coverage limit for certain types of deposits. In chapter II, I study the optimal coverage limit in a model of deposit insurance in the banking system. Because of the coverage limit, depositors have incentives to monitor the bank’s risk-taking behavior, threatening banks with the withdrawal of deposits if necessary. The model includes risk-taking banks, heterogeneous depositors, and a benevolent insurance company providing deposit insurance. I find that partial coverage combined with risk-sensitive premia in the presence of capital requirements can improve social welfare and manage banks’ risktaking behavior. Moreover, when a partial coverage limit is in place, banks are better off by finding a balance between the higher premia and the depositors’ monitoring and withdrawals. Unlike chapter II, chapter III focuses on the role played by international illiquidity. I build a dynamic general equilibrium model (DGEM) of a small, open economy. The features I include in the model are nontrivial demands for fiat currencies, unanticipated sunspots, and financial/banking crises originated by sudden stops of foreign capital inflows are. This chapter gives us a better understanding of the performance of alternative exchange rate regimes and associated monetary policies under a simple setup. I show the existence of multiple equilibria that may be ranked based on the presence of binding information constraints and on welfare. Moreover, I show that a strong connection of the scope for existence and for indeterminacy of equilibria with the underlying policy regime. I also find that the presence of binding multiple reserve requirements help in reducing the scope for financial fragility and panic equilibria.

This dissertation is a theoretical exploration of commonly used policy tools meant to improve market performance. The first chapter examines the use of prizes and grants as instruments for encouraging research and development. The second chapter investigates the welfare impact of price caps in oligopoly markets with endogenous entry. The third chapter studies the relationship between deposit insurance and bank risk taking, when a banker is motivated by reciprocity. The first chapter explores the use of grants and prizes as tools for encouraging research activity and innovation. Grants and prizes are commonly used by public and private research funders, and encourage R&D activity in different ways. Grants encourage innovation by subsidizing research inputs, while prizes reward research output. A common rationale for prizes is moral hazard; if a funder cannot observe all relevant research inputs then prizes create a strong incentive for R&D activity. In this chapter, it is shown that grants are a more efficient means of funding when a researcher's ability is unknown to the funder (adverse selection). When both adverse selection and moral hazard problems exist, a grant may emerge as an optimal funding mechanism, provided the moral hazard problem is relatively weak. In settings where the moral hazard problem is sufficiently strong, a grant emerges as part of an optimal funding mechanism, in conjunction with a prize. These results are useful for understanding different funding mechanisms used by both public and private entities. The second chapter, which is based on joint work with Stan Reynolds, examines the impact of price caps in oligopoly markets with endogenous entry. In the case of deterministic demand, reducing a price cap yields increased total output, consumer welfare, and total welfare. This result falls in line with classic results on price caps in monopoly markets, and with results for oligopoly markets with a fixed number of firms. These comparative static results for price caps need not hold when demand is stochastic and the number of firms is fixed, but recent results in the literature show that a welfare improving price cap does exist. We show that a welfare-improving cap need not exist in the case where demand is stochastic and entry is endogenous. In addition, we provide restrictions on the demand function such that a welfare-improving price cap exists under endogenous entry and stochastic demand. The third chapter, which is based on a joint project with Martin Dufwenberg, investigates the relationship between deposit insurance, risk taking, and insolvency. Empirical evidence suggests that the introduction of deposit insurance increases risk taking by banks and results in a greater chance of insolvency. The common rationale for this connection is that deposit insurance decreases the incentive for customers to monitor their banks, and invites excessive risk taking. In this chapter, it is argued that this classic explanation is somewhat puzzling. If customers can monitor their bank's behavior, certainly the insurance provider (FDIC) has this same ability. If this is the case, appropriate mechanisms could limit the moral hazard problem. We put forth an alternative explanation, and demonstrate that deposit insurance invites excessive risk taking when a banker is motivated by reciprocity.

The Mt. Milligan deposit is a tilted (~45°) Cu-Au alkalic porphyry located 155 km northwest of Prince George, B.C., Canada. It is the youngest of the BC alkalic porphyry deposits, all of which formed between 210 to 180 Ma in an extensive belt of K-enriched rocks related to the accretion of the Quesnellia-Stikinia superterrane to ancestral North America. Mt. Milligan has a measured and indicated resource of 205.9 million tonnes at 0.60 g/t Au and 0.25% Cu containing 3.7 million oz. gold, and 1.12 billion lb. copper. Shoshonitic volcanic and volcaniclastic andesites host mineralization. These have been intruded by a composite monzonitic stock (MBX stock), and associated sill (Rainbow Dike). Early disseminated chalcopyrite-magnetite and accessory quartz veins are associated with K-feldspar alteration in the MBX stock. A halo of biotite alteration with less extensive magnetite replaces host rocks within a ~150 m zone surrounding the stock, while K-feldpsar alteration extends along the Rainbow Dike and permeable epiclastic horizons. Peripheral albite-actinolite-epidote assemblages surround the K-silicate zone. Albite-actinolite occurs at depth, and epidote dominates laterally. Copper and Au grade are maximal where the albite-actinolite assemblage overprints biotite alteration. Gold grade is moderate in association with epidote, whereas Cu is depleted. The post-mineral Rainbow Fault separates the core Cu-rich zone from a downthrown Au-rich zone. A similar zonation of metals occurs in the hanging-wall (66 zone), where a Cu-bearing, potassically-altered trachytic horizon transitions to a funnel-shaped zone of pyrite-dolomite-sericite-chlorite alteration with elevated gold. Sulfide S-isotope compositions range from -4.79 δ34S in the central Cu-Au orebody to near-zero values at the system periphery, typical of alkalic porphyries. Sulfur isotope contours reflect the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution, and indicate late-stage ingress of peripheral fluids into the Cu-Au zone. Carbonate C- and O-isotope compositions corroborate the magmatic fluid path from the Cu-Au rich zone to Au-rich zone with decreasing depth. Strontium isotopic compositions of peripheral alteration minerals indicate a laterally increasing meteoric fluid component. Changes in major- and trace element composition of epidote and pyrite across the deposit are also systematic. These provide additional vectors to ore, and confirm the kinematics of the Rainbow Fault.