by Fung Tze Wa. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract in English --- p.i / Abstract in Chinese --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv-vi / List of Figures --- p.vii-ix / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Purposes of this Research --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Contribution of this Research --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review And Research Issues / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Spatial Access Methods --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- R-Tree --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- R*-Tree --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- R+-Tree --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Spatial Network Analysis --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Nearest Neighbor Queries --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Data Preparation / Chapter 3.1 --- "Introduction (XML, GML), XML indexing" --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Spatial data from Lands Department --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Graph representation for Road Network data --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- XML Indexing for Spatial Data / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- STR Packed R-Tree --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Implementation --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Experimental Result --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- Summary --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Spatial Network / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.50 / Chapter 5.2 --- CCAM: Connectivity-Clustered Access Method --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3 --- Shortest Path in Spatial Network --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- A New Algorithm Specially for Partitioning /Clustering Network --- p.63 / Chapter 5.5 --- A New Simple heuristic for Shortest Path Problem for Spatial Network --- p.70 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.74 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Nearest Neighbor Queries / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.76 / Chapter 6.2 --- Modified Algorithm for Nearest Neighbor Queries --- p.78 / Chapter 6.3 --- Summary --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and Future Work / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.84 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.85 / Appendix Space Driven Algorithm / Chapter A.1 --- Introduction --- p.87 / Chapter A.2 --- Fixed Grid --- p.88 / Chapter A.3 --- Z-curve --- p.89 / Chapter A.4 --- Hilbert curve --- p.90 / Chapter A.5 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Bibliography --- p.92

Orientador: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon / Banca: Solange Ferraz de Lima / Banca: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita / Resumo: A presente pesquisa aborda o documento fotográfico no âmbito de sua descrição em arquivos e bibliotecas. Tem o objetivo de fazer uma possível comparação entre as normas AACR2, utilizadas para a descrição bibliográfica nas bibliotecas e a norma ISAD (G) que, por sua vez, é o conjunto de regras para que seja obtida a descrição arquivística. Para tanto, parte-se do conceito de documento, passando por seu papel nos arquivos e bibliotecas e transitando pela história da fotografia. Inicialmente o objeto é contextualizado para se passar à apresentação das regras do AACR2 e da ISAD (G), até a catalogação eletrônica que é possível através da utilização do formato MARC 21. Desse modo, são descritos alguns dos elementos que o documento fotográfico traz em sua composição e em seu suporte, pois é através de suas diversas características físicas que se encontram parte das peculiaridades que instigam inúmeras discussões a seu respeito. Diante da referida base teórica, uma análise panorâmica das regras expostas durante o trabalho é feita a partir dos modos de representação de cada uma: para a biblioteconomia, sua ficha que materializa o ato da descrição e disponibiliza o item no acervo e, para a arquivologia, seus instrumentos de pesquisa que, da mesma forma, oferecem aos usuários um quadro não só do material como de todo o contexto de seu acervo. Por fim, chega-se a uma aproximação de pontos nas duas normas que merecem atenção e aprofundamento por parte de pesquisadores e de profissionais que lidam com o documento fotográfico. Sob a luz dos princípios arquivísticos e da teoria do tratamento biblioteconômico, reflete-se sobre a descrição de forma geral e nesta quando aplicada a um documento que carrega particularidades e é alvo de debates que repercutem na sua disponibilização para os usuários e em seu estudo de forma geral. / Abstract: This work boards the photographic document in the scope of its description in archives and libraries. The objective is to make possible the comparison between the AACR2 rules, utilized for bibliographic description in libraries and the ISAD (G) norm, which are the rules to obtain an archivist description. Departing from document concept, passing by his function in archives and libraries and passing by photography history. This is the object context in a first moment, leading to the presentation of AACR2 rules and ISAD (G), until the electronic cataloguing which is possible by the use of MARC 21 format. This way, some elements of photographic document bring in its composition and support is described, because through his various physical characteristics we found part of the particularities that instigate countless discussions about it. In front of the referred theoric basis, a panoramic analysis of the present rules is made following the representation ways for each one: for the librarianship, its cards materialize the description act and make available the item in the collection and, to archival science, its tools of research which, in the same way, offer to the users a view not only of the material but his context in the collection. At last, is reached an approach of points in the two norms worthily attention and a profound study by researchers and professionals working the photographic document. Under archivist's principles and librarian treatment theory, there is a consideration about description in general form and its application in a document with peculiarities and when the document is target of discussions that reflect in availability to the users an its studies generally. / Mestre

Diplomová práce je věnována problematice správy a oběhu dokumentů a spisové služby s využitím specifického systému SAP PSRM v kontextu požadavků státní správy. Cílem práce je analýza využití elektronického zpracování a oběhu dokumentů a spisů ve státní správě a vyhodnocení, zda elektronické zpracování dat a dokumentů přispěje k vyšší transparentnosti státní správy a k lepšímu zpřístupnění obsahu dokumentů .

This thesis deals with document management in market research agency. The aim of the thesis is to propose solution for document management based on considering the current situation of IS/ICT in such agency and analyzed requests. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part describes agency, current situation of IS/ICT and original requests and constraints taken into consideration for new solution proposal. The second part covers description of final solution and its components. The third part follows implementation of complete solution into production environment and data migration plan.

This diploma thesis deals with the process analysis and documentation of the Czech Trade Inspection Authority, a market surveillance authority in the state administration. The main objective of this thesis is the mapping of operational processes within the organization and identification of their potential weak points. The author of the thesis then proposes ideas for their improvement. The main tool for process analysis is the 5. criterion of the CAF model (Common Assessment Framework), which takes into consideration the specific needs of public administration. The thesis then focuses on the analysis of documentation, tries to find its strengths and weaknesses and finally ideas for its improvement.

A necessidade de extrair conhecimento útil e inovador de grandes massas de dados textuais, tem motivado cada vez mais a investigação de métodos para Mineração de Textos. Dentre os métodos existentes, destacam-se as iniciativas para organização de conhecimento por meio de hierarquias de tópicos, nas quais o conhecimento implícito nos textos é representado em tópicos e subtópicos, e cada tópico contém documentos relacionados a um mesmo tema. As hierarquias de tópicos desempenham um papel importante na recupera ção de informação, principalmente em tarefas de busca exploratória, pois permitem a análise do conhecimento de interesse em diversos níveis de granularidade e exploração interativa de grandes coleções de documentos. Para apoiar a construção de hierarquias de tópicos, métodos de agrupamento hierárquico têm sido utilizados, uma vez que organizam coleções textuais em grupos e subgrupos, de forma não supervisionada, por meio das similaridades entre os documentos. No entanto, a maioria dos métodos de agrupamento hierárquico não é adequada em cenários que envolvem coleções textuais dinâmicas, pois são exigidas frequentes atualizações dos agrupamentos. Métodos de agrupamento que respeitam os requisitos existentes em cenários dinâmicos devem processar novos documentos assim que são adicionados na coleção, realizando o agrupamento de forma incremental. Assim, neste trabalho é explorado o uso de métodos de agrupamento incremental para o aprendizado não supervisionado de hierarquias de tópicos em coleções textuais dinâmicas. O agrupamento incremental é aplicado na construção e atualização de uma representação condensada dos textos, que mantém um sumário das principais características dos dados. Os algoritmos de agrupamento hierárquico podem, então, ser aplicados sobre as representa ções condensadas, obtendo-se a organização da coleção textual de forma mais eficiente. Foram avaliadas experimentalmente três estratégias de agrupamento incremental da literatura, e proposta uma estratégia alternativa mais apropriada para hierarquias de tópicos. Os resultados indicaram que as hierarquias de tópicos construídas com uso de agrupamento incremental possuem qualidade próxima às hierarquias de tópicos construídas por métodos não incrementais, com significativa redução do custo computacional / The need to extract new and useful knowledge from large textual collections has motivated researchs on Text Mining methods. Among the existing methods, initiatives for the knowledge organization by topic hierarchies are very popular. In the topic hierarchies, the knowledge is represented by topics and subtopics, and each topic contains documents of similar content. They play an important role in information retrieval, especially in exploratory search tasks, allowing the analysis of knowledge in various levels of granularity and interactive exploration of large document collections. Hierarchical clustering methods have been used to support the construction of topic hierarchies. These methods organize textual collections in clusters and subclusters, in an unsupervised manner, using similarities among documents. However, most existing hierarchical clustering methods is not suitable for scenarios with dynamic text collections, since frequent clustering updates are necessary. Clustering methods that meet these requirements must process new documents that are inserted into textual colections, in general, through incremental clustering. Thus, we studied the incremental clustering methods for unsupervised learning of topic hierarchies for dynamic text collections. The incremental clustering is used to build and update a condensed representation of texts, which maintains a summary of the main features of the data. The hierarchical clustering algorithms are applied in these condensed representations, obtaining the textual organization more efficiently. We experimentally evaluate three incremental clustering algorithms available in the literature. Also, we propose an alternative strategy more appropriate for construction of topic hieararchies. The results indicated that the topic hierarchies construction using incremental clustering have quality similar to non-incremental methods. Furthermore, the computational cost is considerably reduced using incremental clustering methods

O objetivo da Web Semântica é prover a descrição semântica dos recursos através de metadados processáveis por máquinas. Essa camada semântica estende a Web já existente agregando facilidades para a execução de pesquisas, filtragem, resumo ou intercâmbio de conhecimento de maior complexidade. Dentro deste contexto, as bibliotecas digitais são as aplicações que estão iniciando o processo de agregar anotações semânticas às informações disponíveis na Web. Uma biblioteca digital pode ser definida como uma coleção de recursos digitais selecionados segundo critérios determinados, com alguma organização lógica e de modo acessível para recuperação distribuída em rede. Para facilitar o processo de recuperação são utilizados metadados para descrever o conteúdo armazenado. Porém, a geração manual de metadados é uma tarefa complexa e que demanda tempo, além de sujeita a falhas. Portanto a extração automática ou semi-automática desses metadados seria de grande ajuda para os autores, subtraindo uma tarefa do processo de publicação de documentos. A pesquisa realizada nesta dissertação visou abordar esse problema, desenvolvendo um extrator de metadados que popula uma ontologia de documentos e classifica o documento segundo uma hierarquia pré-definida. A ontologia de documentos OntoDoc foi criada para armazenar e disponibilizar os metadados extraídos, assim como a classificação obtida para o documento. A implementação realizada focou-se em artigos científicos de Ciência da Computação e utilizou a classificação das áreas da ACM na tarefa de classificação dos documentos. Um conjunto de exemplos retirados da Biblioteca Digital da ACM foi gerado para a realização do treinamento e de experimentos sobre a implementação. As principais contribuições desta pesquisa são o modelo de extração de metadados e classificação de documentos de forma integrada e a descrição dos documentos através de metadados armazenados em um ontologia, a OntoDoc. / The main purpose of the Semantic Web is to provide machine processable metadata that describes the semantics of resources to facilitate the search, filter, condense, or negotiate knowledge for their human users. In this context, digital libraries are applications where the semantic annotation process of information available in the Web is beginning. Digital library can be defined as a collection of digital resources selected by some criteria, with some organization and available through distributed network retrieval. To facilitate the retrieval process, metadata are applied to describe stored content. However, manual metadata generation is a complex task, time-consuming and error-prone. Thus, automatic or semiautomatic metadata generation would be great help to the authors, subtracting this task from the document publishing process. The research in this work approached this problem through the developing of a metadata extractor that populates a document ontology and classify the document according to a predefined hierarchy. The document ontology OntoDoc was created to store and to make available all the extracted metadata, as well as the obtained document classification. The implementation aimed on Computer Science papers and used the ACM Computing Classification system in the document classification task. A sample set extracted from the ACM Digital Libray was generated for implementation training and validation. The main contributions of this work are the integrated metadata extraction and classification model and the description of documents through a metadata stored in an ontology.

Information Technology is advancing at a frightening pace. Cloud computing and its subset, Software as a Service (SaaS), are rapidly challenging traditional thinking for enterprise-level application and infrastructure provision. The project-centric nature of the construction industry provides an environment where the utilisation of SaaS is commercially appropriate, given its ability to provide rapid set-up and predictable costs at the outset. Using project extranets, the construction industry has been - unusually for it as an industry sector - early-adopters of this cloud computing model. However, findings from the research highlight that there is a gap in the information and documents that pass from the construction phase into the operational phase of a building. This research considers examples of the SaaS IT model and how it has been used within a construction and facilities management industry context. A prototype system was developed to address the requirements of facilities management work order logging and tracking process. These requirements were gathered during detailed case studies of organisations within both the construction and facilities management sectors with a view to continue the use of building-specific information through its full life-cycle. The thesis includes a summary of the lessons learnt through system implementation within the construction-contracting organisation Taylor Woodrow, and it concludes with an IT strategy proposal that was developed based on a cloud computing model.

This project reconceives the methods critics use to define and analyze the critical field of documentary poetry. Although scholarship on documentary in the visual arts abounds, literary criticism that explores poetry through a documentary lens is sparse. Documentary poetics criticism focuses almost exclusively on socioeconomic class within the poems and on defining the genre. Critics have not attended to the ways that the category “document” inflects this poetic arena. I argue that documentary poetics includes engagement with specific documents and with the power they hold within a given historical moment. This requires attending to what I call document culture: a document’s visual and stylistic norms, in addition to the customs of its subject matter and material/medium. In addition to contributing to critical theory, this project traces documents’ shift from the twentieth century into the twenty-first from wood pulp to strings of code. I focus on representative collections of poetry that foreground the effects particular documents, like congressional hearings, dictionaries, and social media posts, have on people based on their position within the society in which they live. These documentary poems function differently than other poems that engage documents. A second category, poem-documents, interrogate the historical genre of English-language poetry in the nominally postcolonial US, with special focus on the African and Jewish diasporas, and experiences of indigenous people in the colonizing nation. These poems confront the genre’s social position and critically-imposed limitations to demonstrate poetry’s potential to act as a document that names and remembers injustices. My project emphasizes poetry by women, particularly women of color, in order to revise documentary poetics criticism’s interest in class and style to include textual resonances of race, gender, sexuality and nation. Just as the collections documentary poets offer are interdisciplinary in ethos, so is this project, with roots in documentary studies, media studies, feminist criticism, queer studies, and critical race studies in addition to literary criticism. Each chapter of this project follows the slippage between poem-documents and documentary poems. Chapter one grounds documentary culture in Muriel Rukeyser’s The Book of the Dead (1938), widely considered to be the first American documentary poem. I juxtapose Rukeyser’s interest in document cultures and theory of poetry’s ethical possibilities in The Life of Poetry (1949) with, in Chapter two, Irena Klepfisz’s A Few Words in the Mother Tongue: Poems Selected and New 1971-1990, a collection that reframes lyric poetry as mode of documentation. Chapter three places Harryette Mullen’s critique of English-language reference texts and the accumulations of connotative meaning, Sleeping with the Dictionary (2002), in conversation with M. NourbeSe Philip’s Zong! (2008), which re-documents African women’s experiences of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The final chapter addresses Citizen (2014), in which Claudia Rankine re-envisions the archive of anti-black racism to include speech and Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings (2015), Joy Harjo’s polyvocal and iconoclastic collection that uses poetry to redefine the archive’s temporality in a way that might counter the erasure of indigenous peoples in the Americas. The nuanced ruminations these poets offer illustrate that, as an area of study with its own investments, interests, and modes of inquiry, critical documentary poetics has just begun.

Automation of document handling in the construction industries could save large amounts of time, effort and money and classifying a document is an important step in that automation. In the field of machine learning, lots of research have been done on perfecting the algorithms and techniques, but there are many areas where those techniques could be used that has not yet been studied. In this study I looked at how effectively the machine learning algorithm multinomial Naïve-Bayes would be able to classify 1427 documents split up into 19 different categories from a construction project. The experiment achieved an accuracy of 92.7% and the paper discusses some of the ways that accuracy can be improved. However, data extraction proved to be a bottleneck and only 66% of the original documents could be used for testing the classifier.