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This is an interpretive study that explores the potency of consumption culture in China through a selected group that belongs to the first generation of the one-child policy – the 'Little Emperors'. This is a population that is unprecedented, not only in China but also in human history. The dawning of postmodernity has ushered in a consumption culture. Fashion and brands are chosen as the consumption sites in this study in view of their significance: they are accessible and inundated with symbolic meanings for the construction of identities. In the vertigo of postmodernity, there is a sudden excess of commodities and signs in the marketplace. Anchored in traditional Chinese values and operating from a holistic perspective, this first generation of Little Emperors has cultured a different kind of consumption literacy in the 'Postmodern(Eas)t Mall'. They are brand raisers, in the context, there is a salient socio-cultural logic in symbolic consumption, an outside-in dialectical process in the self construct, a layered self with a strong institutional influence and discipline ascribed or imagined, they are happy consumers, even though they may not know fashion or brands very well.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the historiography of Qin Shi Huang. I will focus my analysis on the perspectives of scholars from three periods: the Han Dynasty, late 19th century to early 20th century, and last the 30 to 40 years of Communist Party rule. Through analysis of sources from each of the three periods, I will trace the evolution of the shifting perspectives on Qin Shi Huang to explain why this controversial figure has remained relevant throughout the ages.

Propertius, affected at an early age by Augustus' quest for power and the submission of the conquered, had attitudes critical of Augustus, but he felt pressure to veil his true opinions by flattering the Emperor in his poetry for the sake of self-preservation. Many of his poems praise the military accomplishments of Augustus, but they also contain signals that Propertius is not expressing his true attitudes on the surface. Propertius gives descriptions of military conquest a distasteful flavor, and he rejects outright the Augustan program of pax through the total subjugation of Rome’s enemies, with whom he identifies as a victim of imperial conquest. / text

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神話傳說的創造和史實的理解，是古史學研究兩種並存的趨勢。古代社會留下了很多歷史化的神話，成為後世「神話化歷史」的基礎。傳世文獻對中國上古史的描繪，是一種神話化後的歷史結構，這是中國文化中對古史神秘化、神聖化的理解。 大禹傳說，是中國早期神話。有關大禹的文獻描述往往也不合史實。20世紀疑古運動對大禹傳說的質疑，揭櫫大禹研究新一頁，加上近百年考古學長足的發展，史學家紛紛對大禹傳說真偽作出考辨。經過近百年的討論，夏朝已經得到證實，作為歷史人物的身份也逐漸得到確認。不過，前輩學者多集中討論大禹其人其事的真偽，忽略了大禹傳說的演變。為了彌補這個缺失，本文試圖全面探索大禹傳說的演變過程及其中添加或減少之元素，以重構大禹的歷史圖像，並呈現史學發展進程中有關對大禹叙述的各種變化。 本文嘗試運用多學科及跨文化視野下，以重整大禹傳說演變的歷史。文中廣泛地利用古籍、官方或民間的資料，並配合神話、傳說、民間野史、四部資料、古文字學、非物質資料等，冀望能為大禹研究提供全新的面貌，既可為中國上古史有關帝王聖賢傳說收補苴之效，亦能引導對中國史學發展的新認識。 As two parallel tendencies in historical research, the exploration of myths and investigation of historical facts have through time directed the construction of “mythologized histories.” Confirming the fondness of Chinese culture over the fabrication of myths, related written records have further allowed history to incorporate elements in mythology. One of the earliest Chinese myths, the legend of the Great Yu, is known for the many unverified written records that document his existence. Revived by the 20th century movement of Doubting Antiquity and credible archaeological findings, historians took off on a race to reconstruct the story of the Great Yu. After a hundred years of investigation and debate, the factual existence of the Xia Dynasty has received affirmation; the legend of the Great Yu, on the other hand, is slowly being confirmed as historians continue to devote much effort in verifying truth and lies. Under this context, the evolution of the Great Yu’s legend through time is often pushed out of the picture. This thesis aims to contribute to the reconstruction of the myth by analyzing such changes in hopes of coming closer to a more accurate sketch of one of the legendary rulers in early China. Adopting a multidisciplinary and trans-cultural approach, this thesis utilizes a collection of documents from myths, legends, folklore, the four categories (sibu), paleography and other non-written sources, eventually constructing a new perspective of the Great Yu that further contributes to future research in ancient history and Chinese historiography.

Breeding behavior of captive Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) was observed at Sea World, San Diego, California during July, August, and September 1980, and April 1981. Emphasis was on displays, courtship, egg-laying, incubation, and care of chicks. I observed the trumpet display most often between birds of opposite sexes and I interpret it as a signal of sexual identity. I interpreted the sideways stare display as a signal of sexual identity important in pair bond maintenance. Three head movements studied shared several functions including comfort behavior and reduction of intraspecific aggression. My observations confirmed that the display walk occurs in Emperors and is used by males to attract females. The single note cry allows separated members of a pair to find each other. Results of an attempt to sex Emperor Penguins by vocalization are reported.