Considering the prominence of green supply chain management (GrSCM) research has developed expressively in this field. However, there is a dearth of studies from emerging economies comprised of modelling and empirical testing of hypotheses. Moreover, the literature is lacking the empirical evidence on the determinants of GrSCM practices by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) especially in the case of Pakistan. The literature has yet to determine what green practices are being adopted by SMEs in Pakistan, an elucidation why GrSCM practices are adhered, what construct is appropriate to evaluate adoption of GrSCM practices by SMEs in Pakistan, and whether mediation of internal factors exits between the relationship of GrSCM practices and external pressure. This dissertation uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate GrSCM practices adoption, the appropriate construct for evaluating green practices, and examining three potentially important determinants in Pakistani SMEs. With the data collected in two stages from the SMEs sector of Pakistan, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-dimension structure for measuring the GrSCM practices. Subsequently, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out on two measurement models (i.e. first and second order) of GrSCM adoption based on EFA. The empirically outcomes advocates that both models for GrSCM adoption are valid and reliable, however the second order model has better fit indices. The SEM testing shows significant results for mediation of internal factors in the hypothesized relationship among the GrSCM practices and external pressures. For academicians and supply chain mangers these results yield several exciting theoretical and practical implications.

A 32-item scale, based on a model of environmental concern using anthropocentric and ecocentric orientations as its two dimensions, and intended to measure the level of environmental concern in South Africa, was developed from existing similar measures and modified for the South African context. Factor analyses of the data collected from 95 questionnaires completed by participants in the Western Cape and Gauteng Provinces of South Africa indicated not only the existence of an anthropocentric factor and an ecocentric factor, but also that these two factors were correlated sub-factors of one general factor. Participants who were involved in the activities of an environmentally oriented club showed significantly higher levels of environmental concern than those who were not. No other significant correlations between biographic or demographic variables and environmental concern were found. The internal consistency of the scale as indicated by Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.91. / Psychology / M.Sc.

This thesis uses document analysis and semi-structured personal interviews to look at current strategies and policies of major companies to manage the life cycle environmental risks associated with their products and processes, which I refer to as corporate environmental responsibility (CER); The thesis also explores what some national governments are and could be doing to encourage greater environmental responsibility from companies. As environmentalists and climate scientists have been warning for decades, and now world leaders are coming to realise, the world faces serious environmental challenges, none more urgent than climate change. A failure to act to mitigate the risks associated with this one challenge, as Stern (2006, pii) asserts �could create risks of major disruptions to economic and social activity�. A major proportion of the world�s environmental problems can be attributed directly to production, use and disposal of products (Tukker & Jansen, 2006), and as this thesis will argue, national government policies to encourage or force greater environmental responsibility from producers are required to reduce risks and mitigate impacts. In recent decades national governments have been reluctant to intervene in the market place, preferring to rely on voluntary mechanisms, but as will be discussed in greater detail, there is now an increasingly critical voice (Zarsky, Roht-Ariaza & Brottem, 2002; Hirschland, 2003; Archer & Piper, 2003; Vogel 2005; Hay et al, 2005) that questions the effectiveness of voluntary corporate responsibility as it is currently practiced, which subsequently raises the question: what role national governments, and international governance should take? The primary data sources for this thesis are personal interviews with senior business leaders from 25 major companies, recorded public speeches, both web and non-web based corporate public relations material, and personal interviews with key academics in the field, environmentalists and corporate analysts, conducted mainly between 2002 and 2004. The analysis of this data has sought to investigate the attitudes of major companies to: - corporate environmental responsibility, though some interrelated aspects of social responsibility are also considered; - what drives them to take greater responsibility to reduce their environmental risks; - government policies, especially possible legislation to encourage and/or force CER. In addition through case studies of: - one industry sector - two major companies, and - one industry sector pilot study; as well as secondary research on several other companies, this thesis investigates what some companies are saying and doing about corporate environmental responsibility. This will lead to a short discussion of the degree to which these companies� rhetoric of responsibility matches their actions � that is how much they are �walking the talk�. The thesis also looks at the current potential of national governments in encouraging and/or forcing greater CER, then contrasts the development and implementation of national policies for CER in Australia with those in Europe, focussing on CER as it relates to products in the electrical and electronics industry. The thesis concludes with some observations and suggestions on policies of major companies and of national governments, as well as international governance, to encourage greater CER.

Background:              The environmental impacts of tourism have recently become a high-profile topic due to the increasing amount of attention devoted to issues such as climate change. The harmful effects of aviation, in particular, have led airline companies to adopt proactive sustainability agendas. In light of this, this study seeks to explore the extent of environmental awareness amongst consumers as well as the effects that corporate sustainability measures have on the decision-making process of air travelers. Purpose:                     The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether or not consumers value environmental responsibility within the airline industry and to determine the factors that influence the consumer decision-making process. Method:                      This thesis utilizes a mixed-method approach, with both quantitative and qualitative methods employed. Quantitative data was collected through a survey distributed online and to travelers at Göteborg Landvetter airport, with a total of 95 respondents. Additionally, an in-depth interview was conducted with Stefan Gössling, a prominent researcher within the field of tourism. Findings:                    The results of this thesis reveal relatively low awareness amongst consumers with regard to the environmental actions of airlines. Although consumers appear to have a general knowledge of the negative impacts of air travel, they are reluctant to alter their own flying behavior. Additionally, the results of the survey reveal that consumers are not yet familiar with the concept of eco-friendly flights or the sustainable options that are available to them when purchasing flight tickets.  Ultimately, when buying from airline companies, consumers place greater emphasis on other factors such as costs, services and the availability of desired routes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX220984.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the Swedish elite football clubs CSR work by investigating their economic, environmental and social efforts. Method: The paper has been completed with the help of a document study and two complementary interviews. Theoretical perspective: Corporate Social Performance Theory, Shareholder Value Theory, Stakeholder Theory and the Triple Bottom Line Theory form the theoretical framework. Empirical result & Analyses: All clubs were engaged in some form of social and economic activities that can be considered to be CSR-related. Examples of social activities that the football clubs carry out is to visit the children's hospital, providing homework assistance for children, give lectures in schools, organize spontaneous football in disadvantaged areas, helping young people to get in touch with potential employers, visit prisons, invite refugees to football games and help people with disabilities into working life. Only two clubs (Helsingborgs IF and BK Häcken) are engaged in environmentally friendly activities. Only two clubs (Helsingborgs IF and BK Häcken) engaged in environmentally friendly activities. These activities are to improve waste management at the football stadium and clean sweat to clean drinking water. Conclusions: There are major differences in the extent of CSR work performed by the clubs. Four clubs (AIK, Djurgårdens IF, IFK Göteborg and Halmstads BK) have their own service for CSR managers. In addition to these four, five clubs (IF Elfsborg, Helsingborgs IF, BK Häcken, Malmö FF and GIF Sundsvall) have named CSR projects. These nine clubs can be considered to be in the forefront regarding CSR issues compared to the rest of the clubs.

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (l. 200-217).

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed August 1, 2008). "A dissertation submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2007."--from the title page. Advisor: Dr. Jon Wergin. Keywords: community-based social marketing, recycling; paper reduction, environmentally preferable purchasing, higher education, behavior change, mixed method study, greening Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-204).