No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

It is common practice to remove impacted mandibular third molars due to pathology associated with these impactions. Alternatively, impactions can be treated conservatively through a closely guarded follow-up regiment. However, many symptoms associated with impacted third molars may be prevented by elective removal of potentially problematic teeth. To determine the risk of developing pathology associated with impacted mandibular third molars, a ransom sample of 200 pantomographs were analyzed displaying 324 impactions from patients who presented for treatment at the Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 2000. / The aim of this placebo-controlled study was to determine the effectiveness of a homoeopathic complex in impacted third molars in terms of the patients response to treatment. It was hypothesised that the homoeopathic treatment would result in substantial improvement in post operative implications of impacted third molars, and that it can be used as an alternative to analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment in many cases. Both the analgesics and anti-inflammatories utilised post-operatively in impacted third molar have a wide variety of side effects. Homoeopathic treatment on the other hand does not have side effects. It also has the added benefit of taking the medication pre-operatively as well as post-operatively. In so doing the body is prepared for the surgical intervention before it occurs and thus stimulates healing immediately, even as the surgical intervention is taking place. Where as the antiinflammatories and analgesics are traditionally only prescribed post-operatively and therefore can only take effect once the patient consumes the medication. The study was a clinical trial, in which a placebo control group was compared with an experimental group. Convenience sampling was used to draw patients into the trial. Volunteers responded to talks given by the researcher and after reading the patient information sheet. A minimum of 30 participants was assessed and if they complied with thee / M

Les fruits d’Aronia melanocarpa sont une des sources végétales les plus riches en substances phénoliques antioxydantes et notamment en anthocyanines. L’influence des principaux paramètres opératoires sur la cinétique et les rendements d’extraction assistée par ultrasons des anthocyanines et des polyphénols totaux à partir d’aronia et ses co-produits a été étudiée. La cinétique d’extraction a été décrite par des équations basées sur le modèle de Peleg. Le développement d’un modèle global (intégrant le temps, la température, la composition du solvant et la puissance d’ultrasons) a été proposé comme un outil pour l’optimisation des conditions d’extraction des antioxydants. Après une étude préliminaire d’enrichissement des extraits en utilisant différents supports solides, la résine macroporeuse Amberlite XAD7HP a été choisie comme la plus appropriée pour l’adsorption des molécules antioxydantes d’aronia. Finalement, un nouveau procédé écologique intégré extraction-adsorption a été proposé pour la récupération sélective des molécules antioxydantes. Ce procédé a permis d’extraire les antioxydants et de purifier simultanément les extraits, permettant d’enrichir plus de 15 fois la teneur des anthocyanines dans les extraits. La faisabilité de cet eco-procédé à l’échelle semi-pilote a également été démontrée. / The Black Chokeberry fruits are one of the richest sources in phenolic antioxidant compounds, particularly in anthocyanins. The influence of the main operating parameters on the kinetics and yields of anthocyanins and total polyphenols extraction with ultrasound assistance was studied. The extraction kinetics was described by equations based on the Peleg’s model. The development of a global model (including time, temperature, solvent composition and ultrasound power) was proposed as a tool for optimizing the conditions of antioxidants extraction. After preliminary studies of on extract enrichment using different solid supports, Amberlite XAD7HP macroporous resins was chosen as the most suitable for the adsorption of antioxidants molecules from aronia. Finally, a new ecological integrated extraction-adsorption process was proposed for the selective recovery of antioxidant molecules. This process enabled to extract antioxidant substances and to simultaneously purify the extracts, which led to enrichments by more than 15 times of anthocyanins content in the extracts. Process feasibility on a semi-pilot scale of this new integrated process was demonstrated.

Paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain a significant health care challenge in South Africa. Oral health and coagulation are only two of the many problems experienced by HIV positive paediatric patients. This research report began with an observation that known HIV positive paediatric patients bled more than known HIV negative paediatric patients or those with unknown HIV status while undergoing dental extractions at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The observation prompted a prospective, contextual, descriptive study looking at the coagulation profile (platelet count and thromboelastogram (TEG) profile (reaction time (r-time), clot formation time (Ktime), alpha angle (α-angle) and maximum amplitude (MA)), CD4 counts and percentages and observed clinical bleeding in HIV negative, HIV positive not on antiretroviral treatment (ARVs) and HIV positive on ARVs paediatric patients presenting for dental extraction. Over a two year period 47 HIV negative, 12 HIV positive not on ARVs and 17 HIV positive on ARVs paediatric patients were enrolled in the study using a consecutive, convenience sampling method. Each paediatric patient was given a standard inhalational general anaesthetic using sevoflurane and during intravenous cannulation the researcher drew blood from each child for analysis. A senior dentist from the Department of Paediatric Dentistry assessed bleeding in all cases. The data obtained for each of the three study groups was compared using a oneway analysis of variance followed by pair wise comparison using the Bonferroni adjustment to address multiplicity. To deal with the big standard deviations and skewed data a one-way analysis of variance for ranks tested for differences between the groups. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the groups for platelet count (p = 0.2087), TEG r-time (p = 0.4738), TEG K-time (p = 0.6967), TEG α-angle (p = 0.7948) or TEG MA (p = 0.2982). There was a statistically significant difference between the HIV negative and HIV positive not on ARVs groups (p = 0.000 and 0.004) and HIV positive on ARVs and HIV positive not on ARVs groups (p = 0.000 and 0.001) when comparing CD4 count and percentage. Patient groups were compared with respect to bleeding complications using the Fisher’s exact test. There was no statistically significant difference in observed bleeding between the three groups of paediatric patients. The entire HIV positive group was then compared for bleeding, and using the Welch t-test, adjusting for unequal variances it was found that there was statistically, significantly more bleeding in the HIV positive children with lower CD4 counts regardless of treatment with ARVs (p = 0.0129). These results were also confirmed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p = 0.0335). Although this study showed statistically significant bleeding in HIV positive paediatric patients with lower CD4 counts, the tests of coagulation used in the study were unable to define the underlying pathogenesis. Further research into coagulation in HIV positive paediatric patients is needed.

Master of Science - Science / The analytical methods for speciation of manganese in three different types of matrices (water, milk and blood serum) was studied. Supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction was optimized and successfully used for the extraction and preconcentration on Mn(II) from water, milk and blood serum. The extractant used was 15% (v/v) DEHPA with an organic membrane modifier, 10% (v/v) TOPO. All determinations of Mn(II) were carried out using Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. A SLM membrane probe was developed and used for the extraction of Mn(II) from smaller water, milk and blood serum samples. Membrane probe depth was optimized: probe depth - 2mm below donor solution. The membrane probe yielded higher extraction efficiencies compared to the flat spiral disk SLM unit. The Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry method used for the determination of Mn(II) in water was optimized and used in other applications (determination of Mn(II) in aged and fractionated blood serum). The optimum conditions obtained: pH = 7.5-8.0, deposition potential = -(1.9V-2.0V), deposition time = 45-65s, equilibration time = 5s, stirring speed = 2000rpm, and no gelatin addition. The AdSV optimized parameters were then used for the analysis of Mn(II) in aged whole and fractionated blood serum. Size exclusion chromatography was used to obtain the blood serum fractions. It was determined that with aging, the concentration and thus extraction efficiency of free Mn(II) in blood serum matrix decreases. The spiked blood serum fractions were extracted and Mn(II) was determined with adequate reproducibility.

No description available.