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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A micromechanics-based method for off-axis strength prediction of unidirectional laminae - Approach for a nonlinear rubber based lamina

Duthoit, Jeremy 07 August 1999 (has links)
In this study, a micromechanics-based method is developed to predict the off-axis strength of unidirectional linear elastic laminae. These composites fail by matrix cracking along a plane parallel to the fiber direction. The stresses in the matrix are calculated using a local stress analysis based on a concentric cylinder model. This model consists of a unique fiber embedded in matrix; both constituents are represented by cylinders. A finite element model is also constructed and the results of the two models compared. The stresses and strains from the concentric cylinder model are averaged over the volume of the matrix and used in a local failure function. This failure function has the form of a reduced and normalized strain energy density function where only transverse and shear terms are considered. The off-axis strength prediction method is validated using data from the literature. This failure function will be used in the near future for composites with a matrix having nonlinear properties. Experimental tensile tests on steel-cord/rubber laminae and laminates as well as on the nonlinear rubber matrix were performed. Stress-strain behavior and off-axis strength data were obtained. An approach for off-axis strength prediction for these laminae is defined based on a finite element stress analysis. The finite element analysis approach is motivated by the one used for linear composites. / Master of Science
2

Long-term changes in the Coulomb failure function on inland active faults in southwest Japan due to east-west compression and interplate earthquakes

Hirahara, Kazuro, Fukahata, Yukitoshi, Shikakura, Yosuke 01 1900 (has links)
No description available.
3

Rôle des transferts multiples de contraintes, déficit de sismicité et caractéistiques physiques des ruptures sismiques / Role of multiple stress transfers, seismicity deficit and physical property of seismic rupture

Kariche, Jugurtha 21 September 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse comprend six chapitres qui décrivent les caractéristiques de la tectonique active et du transfert de contrainte liées aux séismes majeurs. L’objectif étant une meilleure estimation de l’aléa et du risque sismique du nord de l’Algérie et du Maroc. Après un chapitre introductif, le chapitre II présente la méthodologie adoptée pour l’élaboration des modèles de transfert de contrainte. Le chapitre III traite de l’interaction entre failles dans le Tell Atlas algérien. Le chapitre IV développe les aspects de transfert de contrainte et de déformation poroélastique dans le Rif marocain et la mer d’Alboran. Le chapitre V présente la déformation poroélastique sur un plan plus large et les caractéristiques physiques des ruptures sismiques. Le chapitre VI consiste en une conclusion générale avec présentation des principaux résultats incluant les perspectives et suites pour cette recherche. / This thesis consists in six chapters that describe the characteristics of active tectonics and stress transfer related to major earthquakes. The aim of this thesis is a better estimate of the seismic hazard and risk in northern Algeria and Morocco. After an introduction, Chapter II presents the methodology adopted for the development of stress transfer models. Chapter III deals with the interaction between faults in the Algerian Tell Atlas. Chapter IV develops the aspects of stress transfer and poroelastic deformation in the Rif and the Alboran Sea. Chapter V presents a large development of the poroelastic deformation and the physical characteristics of seismic ruptures. Chapter VI consists of a general conclusion with presentation of the main results including the perspectives and futur researchs.
4

[en] LIMIT ANALYSIS WITH LARGE SCALE OPTIMIZER AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS / [pt] ANÁLISE LIMITE COM OTIMIZADOR DE GRANDE ESCALA E ANÁLISE DE CONFIABILIDADE

MAURO ARTEMIO CARRION PACHAS 27 October 2017 (has links)
[pt] O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um otimizador eficiente de grande escala, que permita a aplicabilidade prática da Análise Limite Numérica pelo MEF, para resolver problemas reais da Engenharia Geotécnica. Para isto, foi desenvolvido um otimizador para o programa GEOLIMA (GEOtechnical LIMit Analysis) (Carrión, 2004) baseado no algoritmo de Pontos Interiores, computacionalmente mais eficiente que os otimizadores comerciais existentes. Pelo fato das propriedades do solo serem de natureza aleatória, a possibilidade de aplicar Análise de Confiabilidade com a Análise Limite pelo método FORM em problemas geotécnicos é pesquisada também. Sendo a grande vantagem do método FORM a possibilidade de se aplicar para funções de falha quaisquer e variáveis com distribuição quaisquer. Inicialmente, são apresentados os fundamentos da teoria de Análise Limite e sua formulação numérica pelo MEF (Método dos Elementos Finitos). A seguir, é investigada a possibilidade de se usar otimizadores comerciais para resolver o problema matemático resultante da aplicação de Análise Limite com o MEF e são descritos os fundamentos teóricos do otimizador implementado baseado no algoritmo de Pontos Interiores. Um resumo dos fundamentos teóricos da Análise de Confiabilidade é apresentado. É descrito o processo de cálculo pelo método FORM e dois exemplos de aplicação são realizados. Finalmente, análises de diferentes problemas resolvidos com o otimizador implementado são apresentados indicando o grande potencial da Análise Limite Numérica, na solução de problemas reais da Engenharia Geotécnica. / [en] This work has, as its main objective, the development of an efficient and large scale optimizer, that allows the practical application of Numerical Limit Analysis (NLA) with Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve real problems in Geotechnical Engineering. For that purpose, an optimizer was developed for GEOLIMA (GEOtechnical LIMit Analysis) program (Carrión, 2004), based on Interior Points algorithm, computationally more efficient than the existing commercial optimizers. Due to the fact that soils have random properties, the possibility to apply Reliability Analysis with Limit Analysis using the FORM method was also investigated. Initially, Limit Analysis theory was presented together with its numerical formulation using the FEM. In sequence, the use of commercial optimizers was investigated in order to solve the resulting mathematical problem. Subsequently, the theorical foundations of the developed optimizer, based on the Interior Points algorithm were described. A summary of Reliability Analysis was also presented together with a description of computational procedures using FORM and two examples were developed. Finally, analyses of different problems solved with developed optimizer were presented. The obtained results demonstrated the great potential of Numerical Limit Analysis (NLA), in the solution of real problems in Geotechnical Engineering.
5

Stochastic models for the estimation of the seismic hazard / Modèles stochastiques pour l'estimation du risque sismique

Pertsinidou, Christina Elisavet 03 March 2017 (has links)
Dans le premier chapitre, la notion d'évaluation des risques sismiques est définie et les caractéristiques sismotectoniques de la région d'étude sont brièvement présentés. Un examen rigoureux des modèles stochastiques, appliqués au domaine de la sismologie est fourni. Dans le chapitre 2, différents modèles semi-Markoviens sont développés pour étudier la sismicité des îles Ioniennes centrales ainsi que le Nord de la mer Egée (Grèce). Les quantités telles que le noyau semi-Markovien et les probabilités de destination sont évaluées, en considérant que les temps de séjour suivent les distributions géométrique, discrète Weibull et Pareto. Des résultats utiles sont obtenus pour l'estimation de la sismicité. Dans le troisième chapitre un nouvel algorithme de Viterbi pour les modèles semi-Markoviens cachés est construit, dont la complexité est une fonction linéaire du nombre d'observations et une fonction quadratique du nombre d'états cachés, la plus basse existante dans la littérature. Une extension de ce nouvel algorithme est développée pour le cas où une observation dépend de l'état caché correspondant, mais aussi de l'observation précédente (cas SM1-M1). Dans le chapitre 4 les modèles semi-Markoviens cachés sont appliquées pour étudier la sismicité du Nord et du Sud de la mer Égée. La séquence d'observation est constituée des magnitudes et des positions d’un tremblement de terre et le nouvel algorithme de Viterbi est mis en œuvre afin de décoder les niveaux des tensions cachés qui sont responsables pour la sismogenèse. Les phases précurseurs (variations des tensions cachées) ont été détectées en avertissant qu’un tremblement de terre pourrait se produire. Ce résultat est vérifié pour 70 sur 88 cas (le score optimal). Les temps de séjour du processus caché étaient supposés suivre les distributions Poisson, logarithmique ou binomiale négative, tandis que les niveaux de tensions cachés ont été classés en 2, 3 ou 4 états. Les modèles de Markov caché ont également été adaptés sans présenter des résultats intéressants concernant les phases précurseurs. Dans le chapitre 5 un algorithme de Viterbi généralisé pour les modèles semi-Markoviens cachés, est construit dans le sens que les transitions au même état caché sont autorisées et peuvent également être décodées. De plus, une extension de cet algorithme généralisé dans le contexte SM1-M1 est présentée. Dans le chapitre 6 nous modifions de manière convenable le modèle Cramér-Lundberg y compris des sinistres négatifs et positifs, afin de décrire l'évolution avec le temps des changements de contraintes de Coulomb (valeurs ΔCFF) calculées pour sept épicentres (M ≥ 6) du Nord de la mer Egée. Formules pour les probabilités de ruine sont définies sous une forme générale. Corollaires sont également formulés pour la distribution exponentielle et Pareto. L'objectif est de mettre en lumière la question suivante qui pose la problématique dans la Sismologie: Au cours d'une année pourquoi un tremblement de terre s’est produit dans une position précise et pas dans une autre position, aux régions sismotectoniquement homogènes ayant valeurs ΔCFF positives. Les résultats montrent que les nouvelles formules de probabilité peuvent contribuer à répondre au problème susmentionné. / In the first chapter the definition of the seismic hazard assessment is provided, the seismotectonic features of the study areas are briefly presented and the already existing mathematical models applied in the field of Seismology are thoroughly reviewed. In chapter 2, different semi-Markov models are developed for studying the seismicity of the areas of the central Ionian Islands and the North Aegean Sea (Greece). Quantities such as the kernel and the destination probabilities are evaluated, considering geometric, discrete-Weibull and Pareto distributed sojourn times. Useful results are obtained for forecasting purposes. In the third chapter a new Viterbi algorithm for hidden semi-Markov models is developed, whose complexity is a linear function of the number of observations and a quadratic function of the number of hidden states, the lowest existing in the literature. Furthermore, an extension of this new algorithm is introduced for the case that an observation depends on the corresponding hidden state but also on the previous observation (SM1-M1 case). In chapter 4, different hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs) are applied for the study of the North and South Aegean Sea. The earthquake magnitudes and locations comprise the observation sequence and the new Viterbi algorithm is implemented in order to decode the hidden stress field associated with seismogenesis. Precursory phases (variations of the hidden stress field) were detected warning for an anticipated earthquake occurrence for 70 out of 88 cases (the optimal model’s score). The sojourn times of the hidden process were assumed to follow Poisson, logarithmic or negative binomial distributions, whereas the hidden stress levels were classified into 2, 3 or 4 states. HMMs were also adapted without presenting significant results as for the precursory phases. In chapter 5 a generalized Viterbi algorithm for HSMMs is constructed in the sense that now transitions to the same hidden state are allowed and can also be decoded. Furthermore, an extension of this generalized algorithm in the SM1-M1 context is given. In chapter 6 we modify adequately the Cramér-Lundberg model considering negative and positive claims, in order to describe the evolution in time of the Coulomb failure function changes (ΔCFF values) computed at the locations of seven strong (M ≥ 6) earthquakes of the North Aegean Sea. Ruin probability formulas are derived and proved in a general form. Corollaries are also formulated for the exponential and the Pareto distribution. The aim is to shed light to the following problem posed by the seismologists: During a specific year why did an earthquake occur at a specific location and not at another location in seismotectonically homogeneous areas with positive ΔCFF values (stress enhanced areas). The results demonstrate that the new probability formulas can contribute in answering the aforementioned question.

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