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In this thesis we show how and why non-family managers are excluded in family firms. Additionally, we depict the implications of exclusion on an individual as well as a business level. The literature framework that consists of literature from family business and organizational as well as socio-psychological studies lays the foundation for our qualitative empirical research. A method triangulation of semi-structured interviews and vignettes, based on empirical material from seven cases, is applied to understand the exclusion of non-family managers. Our findings suggest that exclusion is prevailing in family firms. Hereby, family members as well as non-family managers can be the ones excluding. We identified six main categories why exclusion of non-family managers happens. Exclusion can be based on the family’s values and norms, exclusive knowledge of a family member, the need of quick decision making, the need of secrecy, the manager’s professional values and norms, as well as the manager’s personal values and norms. Further, exclusion can take place in formal and informal selective arenas, through formal and informal breach of agreements, through structural and cultural hindrances, as well as through differences between enacted and espoused values. Moreover, we reveal several implications exclusion has on an individual and on a business level. The findings contribute to the theoretical and managerial understanding of exclusion in family firms. Thus, increasing the awareness of its existence in family firms. Additionally, we contribute to current research about exclusion in family firms by providing more insights into the complex phenomenon. This thesis is of interest to any individual in a leading position in family firms, as well as academics in the research field of family businesses.

This study explored the use of rituals in substance abuse counseling. Data were obtained from a total of 25 mental health workers in the substance abuse field from the northern region of Utah. Four research questions were asked about rituals and their use in substance abuse counseling: (I) Are addictions therapists using rituals? (2) How did therapists determine when to use rituals? (3) What types of rituals do they use? and (4) How do therapists assess ritual effectiveness? Results indicated that about three fourths of the mental health workers questioned were using rituals in their treatment protocol with substance abuse clients. The most common methods used for determining when to implement rituals into treatment were (a) clients were emotionally stuck, (b) client's cognitive ability, and (c) therapist's perception. The findings also suggested that therapists presented means of assessing the effectiveness of the rituals they implemented, but the data also supported past literature findings that showed little empirical means of assessment.

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of females entering the orthodontic profession over the past few decades, however, there is very little published literature on female orthodontists and work-family balance. A qualitative study, using the framework of phenomenology, was used to analyze data obtained from semi-structured telephone interviews of a purposive sample of Canadian female orthodontists. Results conveyed that the issue of work-family balance is of paramount importance to the women interviewed. They defined balance in terms of having success, and satisfaction, in both their family life and professional life. However, they recognized the requirement of compromising and prioritizing. The participants discussed the specific challenges of work-family balance in orthodontic practice, and outlined adaptations to the maternal role and the professional role, to help achieve balance. Finally, they identified areas where they experienced the most role conflict. / Medical Sciences - Orthodontics

Thesis (M.A.)--International Christian Graduate University, School of Theology, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 444-460).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2004. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Arts. Bibliography: leaves 292-305.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008. / "December , 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-203). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.E.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2007 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-140).