Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of the present research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of LVL reinforced with fiberglass with two types of resins. Pinus elliottii veneers with 1,5 mm thickness were used to manufacture of the LVL panels. The panels were manufactured in two steps. The first one was the assembling of the LVL panels with nine layers of wood veneer glued with phenol-formaldehyde resin. The second step consisted into reinforcing the LVL with fiberglass impregnated with epoxy resin (E) or isophthalic resin (I). The treatments were: panels without reinforcement (T), panels reinforced with one fiberglass layer (E T1 e I T1), panels reinforced with two fiberglass layers (E T2 e I T2) and panels reinforced with four fiberglass layers (E T3 e I T3). The size of panel was 45 cm x 34 cm x 1,08 cm. The physical properties tested were density and moisture content. The mechanical properties tested were: static bending in flatwise and edgewise position, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR); glueline shear strength by compression loading; hardness test; and non-destructive test by ultrasound method. The epoxy and the isophthalic resin showed similar mechanical performance among the different treatments.The resistence and stiffness of the panels were influenced by the reinforcement. The MOE in flatwise position was influenced by one reinforcement layer and the MOR was influenced by two reinforcement layers. In the edgewise position the MOE and the MOR values remained constant among the treatments with two fiberglass reinforcement layers. The MOE in nondestructive test had higher values when compared with the destructive method, however these values remained stable with two layers of reinforcement. Two layers of reinforcement on the tensile and compression side had higher values in hardness test. The epoxy resin presented higher glueline resistence and higher percentage of wood failure. Isophthalic and phenolic resin presented similar values of glueline strenght, however the isophthalic resin had lower percentage of wood failure. Thus, the reinforcement with one layer of fiberglass imprenated with epoxy resin on the tensile side would be enough to promote the mechanical qualities of LVL. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis de lâminas paralelas (LVL) reforçadas com camadas de fibra de vidro inpregnadas com dois tipos de matrizes. Lâminas de madeira de Pinus ellliottii com espessura de 1,5 mm foram utilizadas na fabricação dos painéis. A montagem dos painéis foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira consistiu na fabricação dos painéis LVL com nove camadas de lâminas de madeira unidas com resina à base de fenol-formaldeído na gramatura de 190 g/m2 em linha simples. E a segunda etapa consistiu na aplicação do reforço de fibra de vidro impregnado com resinas epóxi (E) ou poliéster isoftálica com NPG (I). Os tratamentos utilizados foram: painéis sem reforços (T), painéis com uma camada de fibra de vidro (E T1 e I T1), painéis com duas camadas de fibra de vidro, sendo uma camada no lado de compressão e uma camada no lado de tração (E T2 e I T2) e painéis com quatro camadas de fibra de vidro, duas camadas do lado de compressão e duas camadas no lado de tração separados por uma lâmina de madeira (E T3 e I T3). Foram realizadas três repetições por tratamento, totalizando 21 painéis. As dimensões finais dos painéis foram 45 cm x 34 cm x 1,08 cm. Para determinar a qualidade dos painéis LVL foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas (massa específica e teor de umidade) e a resistência mecânica (flexão estática na posição flatwise e egdewise, resistência ao cisalhamento, dureza Janka e teste não destrutivo utilizando ultrassom). A resina epóxi e a resina isoftálica apresentaram as mesmas qualidades mecânicas nos diferentes tratamentos. A aplicação do reforço influenciou na resistência e na rigidez do painel. Na flexão estática na posição flatwise o módulo de elasticidade (MOE) foi influenciado por uma camada de reforço e o módulo de ruptura (MOR) por duas camadas de reforço. Na posição edgewise os valores de MOE e do MOR se mantiveram estáveis com a aplicação de duas camadas de reforços de fibra de vidro. O MOE pelo método ultrassônico apresentou valores maiores quando comparado com o método estático; em ambos os métodos os valores mantiveram-se estáveis com a aplicação de duas camadas de reforço. A dureza Janka foi maior para as painéis com mais camadas de fibra de vidro na posição de tração e compressão. A resina epóxi apresentou maior resistência ao cisalhamento e maior percentual de falhas na madeira, enquanto que a resina isoftálica, apesar de apresentar valores de resistência similares à fenólica, não apresentou boa adesão à madeira, representada pelo baixo percentual de falhas na madeira. A aplicação de uma camada de reforço de fibra de vidro com resina epóxi na posição de tração seria o suficiente para melhorar as qualidades mecânicas dos painéis LVL fabricados com lâminas de madeira de pinus unidas com fenol-formaldeído.

La pollution de l'air est l'un des principaux problèmes de santé publique de notre siècle et surtout de l'air intérieur alors que nous passons environ 90% de notre temps dans des environnements fermés. Parmi les polluants les bioaérosols ont été peu étudiés. Cependant des études épidémiologiques ont déjà montré une relation entre les bioaérosols et la santé. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier les virus respiratoires dans les milieux clos via les systèmes de ventilation. A l’issue d’un état de l’art des polluants de l’air, il est important de définir ceux nécessitant d’être traités, les systèmes de ventilation, les procédés de filtration par médias fibreux et les procédés de traitement pouvant être mis en oeuvre. Les effets des bioaérosols viraux dans les environnements intérieurs sur la santé publique ont été discutés dans une revue bibliographique. Une méthodologie a été mise en oeuvre pour étudier le comportement des virus dans une centrale de traitement de l’air (CTA). Les virus respiratoires, mengovirus (virus nu à ARN de la même famille que les rhinovirus responsables du rhume) et adénovirus (virus respiratoire nu à ADN), ont été choisis et étudiés dans un système expérimental miniature représentatif des systèmes de traitement d’air. La performance de filtration d’un filtre de CTA vis-à-vis des aérosols viraux a été évaluée avec une validation du système expérimental utilisé. Cette étude a montré la capacité des virus de passer à travers le filtre tout en restant infectieux. Peu de littérature existant sur le sujet, ce projet a permis d’ajouter de nouvelles données pertinentes quant à la persistance des virus respiratoires dans l’air intérieur et plus précisément au niveau des filtres dans les centrales de traitement d’air. / Air pollution is one of the major public health problems of our century and especially of indoor air as we spend about 90% of our time in closed environments. Among pollutants bioaerosols have been poorly studied. However, epidemiological studies have already shown a relationship between bioaerosols and human health. The aim of this PhD work is to learn about respiratory viruses in closed environments via ventilation systems in order to study indoor air quality. At the end of state of the art of air pollutants, it is important to define those present in the air that need to be treated, ventilation systems, filtration processes by fibrous media and the processing methods being able to be implemented. The effects of viral bioaerosols on public health in indoor environments were discussed and drafted in a bibliographic review. The methodology of the study was to assess the fate of respiratory viruses, mengoviruses and adenoviruses, in a miniature experimental system similar to air treatment systems used in closed environments. The experimental system used was validated and the filter performance against viral aerosols was investigated. This study presented originality for the characterization and the fate of two non-enveloped respiratory viruses, mengovirus (RNA) and adenovirus (DNA), in indoor environments and their fate on fiber glass filter. This study showed the ability of viruses to pass through the filter and to remain infectious upstream and downstream the filter. There is scarce literature on this subject, and this project allowed us to add new relevant data on the persistence of respiratory viruses in indoor air and more precisely at the level of filters in air handling units.

Este estudo comparou a performance de quarto agentes cimentantes com diferentes estratégias adesivas para cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro em canais radiculares, através do teste de resistência adesiva e avaliando a dureza em diferentes profundidades. Para isto, foram utilizadas 60 raízes bovinas tratadas endodonticamente. Foram cimentados pinos de fibra de vidro Rebilda Post 20 de acordo com os seguintes protocolos divididos nos seguintes grupos: Grupos QM: Adesivo autocondicionante dual Futurabond DC + cimento resinoso dual Bifix QM; Group SE: Cimento resinoso autocondicionante de polimerização dual Bifix SE; Group RB: Adesivo autocondicionante de polimerização dual Futurabond DC + Resina Rebilda; Group XB: aplicação do adesivo autocondicionante de polimerização dual Futurabond DC + resina composta do tipo \"bulk fill\" X-tra Base. As raízes foram cortadas em fatias de 1mm e separadas em terços, sendo obtidos 2 corpos de prova por terço. Foram avaliadas a resistência adesiva (n=10) e a microdureza (n=5), após uma semana e após 4 meses de armazenamento em água. Para o teste de resistência adesiva (push- out) uma fatia de cada terço foi testada depois de uma semana e as outras 3 fatias provenientes do mesmo dente avaliadas após 4 meses. O ensaio de push out foi realizado a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min até o deslocamento do pino e/ou fratura da interface adesiva. Para o teste de microdureza 20 dentes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e de cada dente foram obtidas seis 6 fatias que foram armazenadas em água destilada por uma semana até a mensuração em microdurômetro, após uma semana e após 4 meses. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de microdureza Knoop em microdurômetro HMV-2000 (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan), cinco endentações foram realizadas na camada de cimento de cada fatia. Os dados referentes aos testes de resistência adesiva (push- out) e microdureza foram submetidas análise de variância 3 fatores (ANOVA), teste de tukey (p<0,05) e teste de correlação de Person. Os valores de resistência adesiva não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significantes quando observado os valores de resistência adesiva entre os grupos QM, RB e XB (p>=0.05), porém menores valores de resistência adesiva foram observados no Grupo SE. Quando considerada a variável envelhecimento não foram encontradas diferenças na resistência adesiva medida em uma semana e 4 meses (p>=0.05). Para a microdureza diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas nos diferentes terços da raiz (p<0.05). Os agentes cimentantes apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significantes na dureza (p<0.05). O grupo XB apresentou os maiores valores seguido por QM, RB e SE. Os grupos SE, RB e XB não apresentaram 80% da dureza máxima nas fatias correspondentes a região apical do canal radicular. O teste de Person mostrou haver correlação positiva linear entre a resistência adesiva e a dureza medidas antes e após o envelhecimento. O uso cimento resinoso dual, associado a uma aplicação anterior do sistema adesivo, ainda é a escolha mais segura, pois apresentou valores de força de adesão elevados, associados a valores de dureza adequados, mesmo em regiões apicais do canal radicular. / This study compared the performance of four cementitious agents with different adhesive strategies for cementing fiberglass pins in root canals, through the adhesive strength test and evaluating the hardness at different depths. For this, 60 endodontically treated bovine roots were used. Rebilda Post 20 fiberglass pins were cemented according to the following protocols divided into the following groups: QM groups: dual self-etching adhesive Futurabond DC + resin cement Bifix QM; Group SE: Dual polymerization resin cement Bifix SE; Group RB: application of self-etching dual-polymerization adhesive Futurabond DC + resin Rebilda; Group XB: application of the self-etching adhesive for dual polymerization Futurabond DC + composite resin of the bulk fill type X-tra Base. The roots were cut into 1mm slices and separated into thirds, obtaining 2 specimens per third. Bond strength (n =10) and microhardness (n = 5) were evaluated after one week and after 4 months of storage in water. For the push-out test one slice of each third was tested after one week and the other 3 slices from the same tooth evaluated after 4 months. The push out test was performed at a speed of 0.5mm / min until the pin displacement and / or fracture of the adhesive interface. For the microtensile test, 20 teeth were randomly selected and six slices were obtained from each tooth, which were stored in distilled water for one week until microdurometer measurement, after one week and after four months. The specimens were submitted to the Knoop microhardness test in HMV-2000 microdurometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan), five indentations were performed in the cement layer of each slice. The data for the tests of bond strenght (push-out) and microhardness were submitted to analysis of variance 3 factors (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p <0.05) and Person correlation test. The bond strength values did not present significant statistical differences when the adhesive strength values were observed between the groups QM, RB and XB (p>=0.05), but lower values of adhesive strength were observed in the SE Group. When the aging variable was considered, differences in adhesive strength measured at one week and 4 months (p>=0.05) were not found. For microhardness, statistically significant differences were found in the different thirds of the root (p <0.05). The cementing agents presented significant statistical differences in the hardness (p <0.05). The XB group presented the highest values followed by QM, RB and SE. The groups SE, RB and XB did not present 80% of the maximum hardness in the slices corresponding to the apical region of the root canal. The Person test showed a linear positive correlation between the adhesive strength and the hardness measured before and after aging. The use of dual resin cement, combined with a previous application of the adhesive system, is still the safest choice, since it presented high values of bond strength, associated with adequate hardness values, even in apical regions of the root canal.

Ce travail concerne l’étude du renforcement de structures en pierres par matériaux composites. Deux techniques de renforcement sont utilisées. L’un s’agit de renforcement par matrice cimentaire renforcé avec de textile de fibre de verre TRC. L’autre est renforcement par barres de fibre de verre de FRP suivant la technique de NSM (near-surface mounted). La première phase consiste en la caractérisation des matériaux et l’analyse des comportements mécaniques en compression en cisaillement et en traction de petits éléments de maçonnerie composées d’un assemblage de pierre et mortier bâtard. Les valeurs caractéristiques du comportement mécanique de la maçonnerie sont comparées avec les différents modèles dans la littérature qui calculent les paramètres caractéristiques avec une bonne approximation avec les résultats expérimentales. En plus, le comportement de matériaux de renforcement sont testés en traction ainsi que le comportement de l’adhésion entre le renfort et la maçonnerie est étudié. La deuxième phase se concentre sur le renforcement de murs de maçonnerie soumis sur deux types de chargement. L’un s’agit de cisaillement dans le plan des murs effectué avec l’essai de compression diagonale. Le deuxième représente des charges de flexion à 3 points hors plan des murs accompagné par des forces de compression axiale qui provoque une contrainte de compression de 0.2 MPa. L’essai de cisaillement s’est réalisé sur des murs carrés de cinq rangées de pierres avec mortier. Le renforcement par deux barres verticales de NSM FRP améliore significativement la ductilité et le module de cisaillement des murs, ainsi que le renforcement avec deux couches orthogonales de TRC améliore la résistance au cisaillement. Enfin l’application de modèles analytiques a permet de comparer les résultats expérimentaux aux résultats donnés avec les modèles. En plus, l’essai de flexion à 3 points est effectué sur des murs composés de douze rangées de pierres avec mortier. Le renforcement avec deux barres verticales et deux barres transversales a plus augmenté la rigidité élastique. En revanche, le renforcement avec TRC composé d’une seule couche de textile accompagné avec une barre verticale de FRP n’augmente pas la résistance de mur par rapport à la résistance du mur renforcé avec une seule couche de textile ou avec une barre verticale seule / This work concerns the study of the reinforcement of stone structures with composite materials. Two reinforcing techniques are used. One is reinforcement by cement matrix reinforced with textile TRC of glass fiber. The other is by reinforcing FRP fiberglass rods according to NSM technique (near-surface mounted). The first phase consists of materials characterization and analysis of mechanical behavior in compression shear and tensile of small masonry specimens made of stone and mortar. The characteristic values of the mechanical behavior of the masonry are compared with the different models in the literature which calculate the characteristic parameters and give a good approximation with the experimental results. In addition, the behavior of reinforced materials is tested in tension and the behavior of the adhesion between the reinforcement and the masonry is studied. The second phase focuses on strengthening masonry walls subjected to two types of loading. One is in-plane shear of walls made with the diagonal compression test. Represents the second bending loads to 3 points out of plane walls accompanied by axial compression forces which cause a compressive stress of 0.2 MPa. The shear test was performed on square walls of five rows of stones with mortar. Strengthening by two vertical bars NSM FRP significantly improves the ductility and shear modulus of the walls and the reinforcement with two orthogonal layers TRC improves shear strength. Finally the application of analytical models used to compare the experimental results with the results given by the models. In addition, the bending test with 3-point is carried out on walls composed of twelve rows of stones with mortar. The reinforcement with two vertical bars and two crossbars increased more elastic stiffness. However, the reinforcement with TRC composed of a single layer of textile accompanied with a vertical bar FRP does not increase the resistance of the wall relative to the resistance of the reinforced wall with a single layer of textile or with a simple vertical bar

In manufacture of cement-bonded particle boards are in present-days used exclusively wooden particles as filler. This thesis deals with a research of possible substitution of this material, especially of waste emerging by production of CBPB itself. At first is completed a survey of possible substitute fillers and czech and foreign literature, dealing with issues of modification of composition of cement-bonded particle boards. In practical part are tested some treatments of waste and its adding to recipe. Further are analysed the influences of substitution of cement by slag and substitution of wooden particles by recycled fibreglass. By laboratory work with CBPB is monitored the influence of amounts of added wather to fresh mixture and also to properties of finished elements.

The photocatalytic wastewater treatment facility presented in this thesis is a promising economic green technology that can degrade wastewater’s organic and ammonia pollutants, which produce environmentally sensitive products like CO2, H2O, Nitrates, etc. that can be captured and used in many biological and engineering ways. Previous advances used for this research was determining the importance of cleaning the photocatalytic nanocrystals, Fe-TiO2, as one of the revolutionary improvements that expose and maximizes the active surface of the photocatalytic nanocrystals to the pollutants enabling the strong oxidants produced by the absorption of a photon, excitation of an electron and positive hole to produce oxidants on the surface of the nanocrystals. The oxidants indiscriminately produce CO2 and H2O from living and non-living organic matter to obtain near ~100% clean water. This research focused on taking the next steps in the development of a wastewater cleaning facility tested in our laboratory. An important step involved coating Fe-TiO2 crystals onto flexible, strong, fiber-glass cloth using a sol-gel processing method. Success was found in this research by applying the coated fiberglass cloth into a photoreactor aimed to clean a large amount of water rather than the laboratory scale. / Graduate

[pt] Tubulações compósitas têm sido empregadas na indústria para substituir as tubulações fabricadas com os materiais convencionais de engenharia, como o aço. O baixo peso específico, elevada resistência química e mecânica, bem como o menor custo de instalação e manutenção são vantagens que justificam o uso e aprimoramento desses materiais. Os materiais compósitos mais empregados para a fabricação de tubulações são os compósitos de matriz polimérica reforçados com fibras. Durante o tempo de serviço, as tubulações compósitas que são utilizadas no setor de óleo e gás estão sujeitas a ambientes agressivos e intempéries, como exposição a altas temperaturas, umidade e diversos produtos químicos. A temperatura e a absorção de fluidos são as principais causas da degradação das propriedades físicas e químicas desses materiais, reduzindo a resistência mecânica e, consequentemente, a vida útil das tubulações em serviço. Portanto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar durante o período de 12 meses o efeito dos agentes de degradação em uma tubulação compósita de resina epóxi reforçada com fibras de vidro e carbono. Para tal, amostras da tubulação foram submetidas à temperatura, água, óleo lubrificante e pressão hidrostática. O comportamento mecânico foi avaliado a partir do ensaio de achatamento sob placas paralelas, ensaio sonoro, ensaio colorimétrico, análise de absorção de fluidos, análise térmica e microestrutural. Ao final do experimento foi constatado que todas as condições de envelhecimento causaram degradação similar, com redução das propriedades mecânicas e térmicas, bem como a plastificação da matriz polimérica. / [en] Composite pipes has been used in the industry to replace conventional pipes commonly manufactured with steel. The lower specific weight, high chemical and mechanical resistance, as well as the low cost of installation and maintenance are the advantages that warrant the use of this materials and their development. The most common composite materials used for the manufacture of pipes are the polymer matrix composites reinforced with fiber. During their lifetime, the composite pipes used in the oil and gas facilities are subject to aggressive environments, such as exposure to high temperatures, moisture and various chemical products. Temperature and fluid absorption are the principal causes of degradation of physical and chemical properties of these materials, reducing their mechanical resistance and, consequently, the lifetime of the pipes in service. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of degradation agents on an epoxy composite pipe reinforced with fiberglass and carbon fibers for a period of 12 months. To achieve this objective, samples of the composite pipe were submitted to temperature, tap water, lubricant oil and hydrostatical pressure. The mechanical behavior was evaluated using parallel-plate test, sound test, colorimetric test, fluid absorption analysis, thermal and microstructural analysis. At the end of the experimental procedure it was verified that all the aging conditions caused similar degradation, with reduction of the mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the plasticization of the polymeric matrix.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of the presence and number of fibreglass post in endodontically treated molars restored with composite resin. 45 human molars were selected, included in polystyrene resin cylinders with simulation of the periodontal ligament and endodontically treated. These teeth were randomized into three groups (n = 15): Wfgp, without fibreglass post and restored with Filtek Z350 XT; 1fgp, 1 fiberglass post Exact #2 cemented in the distal root with RelyX U200 and restored with Z350XT; and 2fgp, 2 fiberglass posts cemented with RelyX U200, one in the distal root and the other in the mesiobuccal root, restored with Z350XT. The specimens were submitted to mechanical fatigue with axial load of 50N. The tooth remaining deformation was measured using extensometers (n = 10) during occlusal loading of 100N and then until fracture. The other teeth (n = 5) were used to calculate the modulus of elasticity (GPa) and Vickers hardness (VH, N/mm2) of the enamel, dentin composite resin and fiberglass post in two positions: parallelly and transversally to the long axis of the post. The stress distribution was analyzed using three dimensional finite elements model, generated from micro-CT image of an intact tooth with its geometry similar of those used in the in vitro study. The calculated mechanical properties were used to characterize models of finite element analysis. The data of deformation and fracture resistance were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and equivalence of variances (test Levene), followed by parametric statistical tests appropriated for each test. One way Anova was performed for the axial compressive strength values, tooth remaining deformation and fracture resistance. Multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey test. The mean fracture data were submitted to the Chi-square test. Factorial analysis of variance on two factors was carried out considering as factors in study: the tooth surface deformation (B and L) and rehabilitation technique. All tests done had significance level &#945; = 0.05 and all analyses were performed with the statistical program Sigma Plot version 13.1 (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA). The use of two fiber glass posts resulted in lower fracture resistance than the groups without fiber glass - 22 - post and with one fiber glass post. During occlusal loading of 100N lingual surface of the remaining tooth showed higher deformation for all groups. The absence of fiber glass post resulted in significantly higher values of stress in the root and more irreparable fracture modes than the other groups. The use of a fiber glass post resulted in better ratio deformation/fracture resistance. The concentration of stress in the furcation area was slightly reduced with use of fiber glass post. It is concluded that the use of one fiber glass post to rehabilitated molars with direct composite resin showed higher resistance to fracture than the use of two fiberglass posts, lower tooth remaining deformation, better stress distribution and failure pat more repairable when compared to molars restored without use of fiber-glass post / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito biomecânico da presença e do número de pinos de fibra de vidro em molares tratados endodonticamente e restaurados de forma direta com resina composta. Quarenta e cinco molares humanos foram selecionados, incluídos em cilindros de resina de poliestireno com simulação do ligamento periodontal e tratados endodonticamente. Estes dentes foram randomizados em três grupos (n=15): Spfv, sem pino de fibra de vidro, restaurado com Filtek Z350XT; 1pfv, 1 pino de fibra de vidro Exacto Nº 2 cimentado no canal distal com RelyX U200 restaurado com Z350XT; e 2pfv, 2 pinos de fibra de vidro Exacto Nº 2 cimentados com RelyX U200, um no canal distal e o outro no mesio-vestibular restaurado com Z350XT. As amostras foram submetidas à fadiga mecânica com carregamento axial de 50N. A deformação do remanescente foi mensurada usando extensômetros (n=10) durante o carregamento oclusal de 100N e em seguida até o momento de fratura. Os demais dentes (n=5) foram usados para calcular o módulo de elasticidade (E, GPa) e dureza Vickers (VH, N/mm2) do esmalte, dentina, resina composta e pino de fibra de vidro em duas posições: paralelamente e transversalmente ao longo eixo do pino. A distribuição de tensões foi analisada usando modelo tridimensional de elementos finitos gerado a partir de imagem de micro-CT de um dente hígido com medidas e geometrias representativo das amostras usadas na etapa experimental. Às propriedades mecânicas calculadas foram utilizadas para caracterizar os modelos da análise por elementos finitos. Os dados de deformação e resistência à fratura foram submetidos à teste de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) e equivalência de variâncias (teste de Levene), seguido por testes estatísticos paramétricos adequados para cada tipo de ensaio. Análise de variância em fator único foi realizada para os valores de resistência à compressão axial, deformação do remanescente e resistência à fratura. Comparações múltiplas foram realizadas usando teste de Tukey. Os dados de padrão de fratura foram submetidos ao teste Quiquadrado. Análise de variância fatorial em dois fatores foi realizada considerando como fatores em estudo: deformação da superfície do remanescente (V e L) e a técnica de reabilitação. Todos os testes empregados - 19 - tiveram nível de significância &#945;=0,05 e todas as análises foram realizadas com o programa estatístico Sigma Plot versão 13.1 (Systat Software Ins, San Jose, CA, USA). O uso de dois pinos de fibra de vidro resultou em menor resistência à fratura que os grupos sem pino de fibra de vidro e com um pino de fibra de vidro. Durante o carregamento oclusal de 100N a superfície lingual do remanescente demonstrou maior deformação para todos os grupos. A ausência de pino de fibra de vidro resultou em valores significativamente mais elevados de tensões na dentina radicular e modos de fratura irreparáveis significativamente maiores que os outros grupos. O uso de um pino de fibra de vidro resultou em melhor razão deformação/resistência fratura. A concentração de tensão na área de furca foi ligeiramente reduzida com uso de pino de fibra de vidro. Conclui-se que o uso de um pino de fibra de vidro para reabilitar molares inferiores com resina composta direta mostrou maior resistência à fratura que o uso de dois pinos de fibra de vidro, menor deformação do remanescente, melhor distribuição de tensões e padrão de falha com maior número de fraturas reparáveis quando comparado a molares restaurados sem uso de pino de fibra de vidro / Mestre em Odontologia

En la actualidad, la funcionalidad de pavimentos flexibles se ve afectada por la deficiencia de información detallada de los parámetros de Diseño de Pavimentos. Las fallas internas, desencadenan problemas de desplazamientos y deformaciones, los cuales afectan directamente en la funcionalidad de la estructura del pavimento. En el Perú, el desarrollo del uso de materiales de construcción ha originado que se incrementen las cantidades de residuos de vidrio y se produzca un impacto ambiental negativo. Sin embargo, estos residuos, poseen un potencial para ser usados, incorporándose como agentes estabilizantes de suelos en subrasante de pavimentos, por las útiles propiedades mecánicas de resistencia a la compresión y corte que poseen. Esto permite, reducir el impacto medioambiental y contribuir a la ejecución de pavimentos eco-sostenibles. En ese contexto, la presente investigación, está orientada en desarrollar una estabilización de suelo, un diseño de pavimentos bajo la metodología AASHTO, y un posterior análisis del comportamiento mecánico del diseño de pavimentos realizado. Por un lado, la estabilización de suelo de subrasante arcillosa se realiza mediante la aplicación de polvo de residuos de vidrio. Por otro lado, se hace uso de la metodología AASHTO 1993, con el fin de diseñar el paquete estructural y obtener valores de espesores de capa en escenarios de suelo estabilizado con piedra Over propuesto por JNR y otro en el que el suelo se encuentre estabilizado con polvo de fibra de vidrio reciclado, propuesto por la presente investigación. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis comparativo de espesores y la influencia directa del valor de CBR en muestras no estabilizadas y estabilizadas, para la determinación del número estructural en el Diseño de pavimentos. Finalmente, se realizó un modelado del comportamiento mecánico de cada capa de la estructura del pavimento, mediante el uso del software computacional 3D Move, con el fin de obtener valores de esfuerzos normales, esfuerzos cortantes y desplazamientos en cada capa del pavimento para suelos no estabilizados y estabilizados. / Currently, the functionality of flexible pavements is affected by the deficiency of detailed information in the Pavement Design parameters. Internal failures trigger displacement and deformation problems, which directly affect the functionality of the pavement structure. In Peru, the development of the use of construction materials has led to an increase in the amounts of glass waste and a negative environmental impact. However, these residues have a potential to be used, being incorporated as soil stabilizing agents in subgrade of pavements, due to the useful mechanical properties they possess. This allows reducing the environmental impact and contributing to the implementation of eco-sustainable pavements. In this context, the present research is aimed at developing soil stabilization, a pavement design under the AASHTO methodology and a subsequent analysis of the mechanical behavior of the pavement design carried out. On the one hand, clay subgrade soil stabilization is carried out by applying glass waste powder. On the other hand, the Empirical AASHTO 1993 methodology is used, in order to design the structural package and obtain layer thickness values ​​in scenarios of stabilized soil with the proposed material and another in which the soil is stabilized with other type of material. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of thicknesses and the direct influence of the CBR value in non-stabilized and stabilized samples will be carried out in the pavement design carried out to determine the structural number. Finally, a mechanical behavior modeling is carried out, applying the use of the Windepav computer software to obtain deformation and deflection values ​​in each layer of the pavement for unstabilized and stabilized soils / Tesis

The diploma thesis deals with using of reinforcing composite materials in asphalt layers. These geosynthetic materials are in road construction used especially to reduce spreading cracks and extend the service life of the construction. As par of this work, test specimens of different types of asphalt layers were produced. These samples were subjected to laboratory testing, where the results of different reinforced asphalt slabs were compared. Within the diploma thesis primarily deals with the testing of the shear bond strength between asphalt layers in order to determine what are the other influencing factors of the test. Another part of the thesis is the 4-point bending test, during which a special technology in the form of a DIC camera was used to monitor the behavior of the asphalt layer over time.