This report follows an internship, of 480 hours in length, completed at The New Orleans Film Festival, located in The Downtown Development District in New Orleans, Louisiana. The New Orleans Film Festival is a non-profit (501 c-3) cultural organization serving the New Orleans area, the southeast region, and the film industry. The New Orleans Film Festival strives to provide quality alternative local, national, and international films to the New Orleans community.

This paper comes from 180 hours of internship with the New Orleans Film Festival in Orleans Parish, New Orleans, Louisiana. During those hours of involvement with this organization, I focused on the competitive division of the festival that was then known as Cinema 16. In the course of events, questions arose concerning the issue of board involvement in the Cinema 16 jury process and the board's administrative responsibilities. As it is with all human enterprise, there also is a continuously evolving attempt to improve methods. In the NOFF's case there is an attempt to improve the judging of the entries. What should be the board's role in that process? Cinema 16 should breathe life into the creative aspirations of fledgling filmmaker's near and far. Does the New Orleans Fum Festival do all it can to make this a reality by vigorously marketing the selected films? Memberships became a focus when the disparity between the number of members in prior years and the number in 2001 appeared large. There were approximately 350 memberships in August of 2001, compared to 600 in 1999. There appeared to be a direct correlation between the number of memberships and mail-outs to the public. What other methods could be utilized to increase their numbers? Information is power. Answers to such questions would put the festival in the position of being proactive by giving them opportunity to further fulfill their mission as well as the capability to bring in more funds to continue their work. Time was given to exploring a university population as a viable market for new memberships. The staff shed light on the need for more services to offer prospective members. These major issues served to fulfill the purpose of the internship by opening up opportunities for experience in a nonprofit arts organization. The experience in its entirety brought to light the film festival's impact on the concept that film is a credible art form celebrated by individuals everywhere. This paper should highlight the importance of the various processes, not only in giving that organization credibility but also in aiding it in making the impact it wishes to on its immediate and global community.

This study is intended to provide a record of the founding and development of one of Australia's oldest and longest surviving film festivals and to determine the nature and impact of the Festival in its engagement with other cultural, social, and political institutions over the thirty years from 1954 to 1983. I have taken my research from a variety of sources, primarily the archive of Sydney Film Festival papers and ephemera lodged at Mitchell Library, Sydney. I have utilized a number of publications from the period, including daily newspapers, trade papers and specialist film and art journals. These give some indication of the Festival's influence and impact within the wider community and help position it in terms of predominant cultural and social values. I conclude that the Sydney Film Festival has played a significant, and so far somewhat underestimated, role in the development of Australian film culture and industry, and has influenced the nature and reception of films in commercial distribution within the country. In a pedagogical sense, it has influenced contemporary understanding of film and film history, in part by privileging particular movements and filmmakers over others and in part by creating a communal and interactive environment in which films, filmmaking and other aspects of film culture can be discussed, analysed and celebrated. This is a history of an organisation whose membership included some of the major figures in Australian film and related media and I have been committed to bringing a human element to the events and issues explored. To this end, I have utilized the extensive Oral History archive created in 1992 by the Sydney Film Festival in order to commemorate its fortieth anniversary. As is often the case with historical research, some of these personal memories are in conflict with one another and with the documentary record. By a process of referencing and cross referencing, I hope I have arrived at an approximation of a truth about a moment in the life of an Australian cultural icon.

This study is intended to provide a record of the founding and development of one of Australia's oldest and longest surviving film festivals and to determine the nature and impact of the Festival in its engagement with other cultural, social, and political institutions over the thirty years from 1954 to 1983. I have taken my research from a variety of sources, primarily the archive of Sydney Film Festival papers and ephemera lodged at Mitchell Library, Sydney. I have utilized a number of publications from the period, including daily newspapers, trade papers and specialist film and art journals. These give some indication of the Festival's influence and impact within the wider community and help position it in terms of predominant cultural and social values. I conclude that the Sydney Film Festival has played a significant, and so far somewhat underestimated, role in the development of Australian film culture and industry, and has influenced the nature and reception of films in commercial distribution within the country. In a pedagogical sense, it has influenced contemporary understanding of film and film history, in part by privileging particular movements and filmmakers over others and in part by creating a communal and interactive environment in which films, filmmaking and other aspects of film culture can be discussed, analysed and celebrated. This is a history of an organisation whose membership included some of the major figures in Australian film and related media and I have been committed to bringing a human element to the events and issues explored. To this end, I have utilized the extensive Oral History archive created in 1992 by the Sydney Film Festival in order to commemorate its fortieth anniversary. As is often the case with historical research, some of these personal memories are in conflict with one another and with the documentary record. By a process of referencing and cross referencing, I hope I have arrived at an approximation of a truth about a moment in the life of an Australian cultural icon.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka två samtida svenska filmfestivaler, Göteborg International Film Festival och Malmö Arab Film Festival, utifrån två teoretiska perspektiv på filmfestivalen med den mer övergripande målsättningen att bidra till ett spirande och stadigt växande forskningsfält kring filmfestivalen i den nationella kontexten. De aktuella festivalerna inringar i förhållandevis god mån den svenska filmfestivalflorans allsidighet; en omfångsrik historisk publik festival respektive en smalare tematisk nykomling.                       De teoretiska perspektiven innefattar festivalen betraktad som en del av ett internationellt nätverk utifrån Thomas Elsaessers och Marijke de Valcks definition, samt som en kulturell yttring av föreställda gemenskaper. Med utgångspunkt i dessa teoretiska positioner kommer festivalerna granskas med fokus på dess uppkomst, visioner och agenda, filmprogram, publik, ekonomisk beskaffenhet och liknande kontextualiserade förhållanden.                       För Göteborg International Film Festival utgör spridningen av filmkultur, de huvudsakliga fundamenten i dess målsättningar och agenda, i synnerhet med fokus på nordisk film, medan tematiken, den arabiska kulturen, utgör det bärande för Malmö Arab Film Festival. Göteborg International Film Festival uppvisar i samstämmighet med de nätverksteoretiska perspektiven på festivalen en mångfacetterad beskaffenhet av filmceremoni, marknadsplats, internationell plattform och tävlingsmästerskap, i kontrast till Malmö Arab Film Festival där festivalens textur är mer komplex än föreliggande bestämningar. Båda festivalerna har uppstått i den post-industriella staden och dess återskapande som centrum för kreativitet, kultur och kunskap.                       Malmö Arab Film Festival adresserar en uppenbar arabisk (föreställd) gemenskap i sitt tematiska fokus. Denna föreställda gemenskap kan emellertid även appliceras på Göteborg International Film Festival och dess bestämning som en internationell publik festival, med hänsyn till dess faktiska demografi med övervägande del lokala besökare.

Since ¡§The City of Sadness¡¨ won the first Golden Lion Award of International Venice Film Festival, winning an international award has become a rule that Taiwanese film do its marketing strategy. However, although ¡§The City of Sadness¡¨ created a high profit in its sales, other awarded movies seem not so lucky in the sales performance. This research mainly bases on the aspect of marketing to study the phenomenon that Taiwanese film industry devotes in attending international film festival as its marketing strategy and further to analyze the relationship between the movie box office and this phenomenon. Secondary data would be employed in this research. As a result, besides ¡§The City of Sadness¡¨, both ¡§The Wedding Banquet¡¨ and ¡§Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon¡¨ also have good performance in their sales. However, the success of these two movies not only resulted from getting awards but also the stories of the movies could attract people to go to the theater. According to the result of this research, we can find that there are more than 400 international film festivals in the world, but only Oscar Award is related with the sales of the film. On the other hand, other film festivals have not been able to attract people as much as ¡§The City of Sadness¡¨ did. Moreover, this situation also can prove one thing: the movie should be developed by commercial mode in order to be accepted by most audiences. To sum up, Taiwanese movies are on purpose (e.g. increase profit and government support) to attend international film festival. However, there are not any benefits to the market of the Taiwan movie and it will let audiences to be distant from their owner entertainments product of their country. If Taiwan government cannot identify the real direction of the Taiwan movies, there is no future of Taiwan movies.

本研究主要以文化治理切入分析影展，並以台北電影節作為研究個案。台北電影節與政府的緊密關係則為本研究選擇文化治理之因。本研究先梳影展與文化治理的概念，並回溯台北電影節十八年來的歷史，最後透過田野研究與深度訪談聚焦於影展工作者。 影展研究的特殊來自其場域的高度複雜性，從多重行動者，到與產業的關係。同時影展高度受限於時空條件，例如：舉辦時間、地點、台北電影節在全球電影產業分工下的角色。全台唯一針對台灣電影設立的台北電影獎也成了其特殊之處，受惠於此的同時也深受其牽制。 台北電影節的設立與大方向訂定與政府／文化局的政策緊密扣連。然而在人事浮動和台灣政治環境下，除了「以文化作為治理方法」，也產生「文化成為被治理對象」的現象。台北電影節有過半經費來自台北市文化局，行政體系上又隸屬財團法人台北市文化基金會，必須遵守嚴格的公文、核銷請款流程。 然而卻與影展工作者特質相互矛盾，影展工作者多半愛好自由、對工作有相當執著等，也因此更容易對繁瑣行政體系產生反彈，同時影展工作常見的短聘制度更是不利公文體系的運作和經驗傳承。原以方便管理、防弊為出發的行政流程，卻吻合Foucault 談論的治理性，治理並不特定指涉國家機器，而是由不同論述推砌。除了由外向內，更同時進行主體化，成為由內向外的規訓。 / This study aims to analyze film festival through the concept of cultural governance. Due to the perceived close relationship between Taipei Film Festival and Taipei government, this festival has been chosen as the case study. It will begin by exploring the concepts of “film festival” and “cultural governance”, and the history of Taipei Film Festival and will focus on the workers through field study as well as in-depth interview. The field of film festival is highly complex. Its diversity of actors, close relationship with film industry, limited time and space, and the global situation concerning film industry all play parts in the performance of a film festival. Taipei Film Awards, a competition specialising in Taiwanese films, also makes Taipei Film Festival more confined in its creativity while brining it much resources. The close relationship Taipei Film Festival has with Department of Cultural Affairs, Taipei City Government makes its cultural aspect gets oppressed with endless administrative procedures to follow in order to gain financial and administrative support. Culture, in this case, has turned into a tool of administration; while on the other hand is ruled over by political decisions as well. The strict administrative procedures pose strong contrast to the nature of film festival workers as they often develop a system on their own to deal with the tons of work that befall on them. They therefore tend to oppose onerous oversight. On the other hand, the short-term contracts, which are common in film festival, also keeps the system from working fluidly. Administration is now coherence with what Foucault called “governance”. Instead only refer to government, governance is about different discourses. Governance is a process of subjectification, not only from to inside, also become the discipline which works from inside to outside.

This thesis is a history of the Sydney and Melbourne International Film Festivals, and covers the years from 1945 to 1972. Based primarily on archival material, it is an organisational history dealing with the attempts by the two Film Festivals to negotiate between the demands of �culture� and �industry� throughout this period. The thesis begins with a consideration of the origins of the Festivals in the post-war period �with the attempts by non-Hollywood producers to break into the cinema market, the collapse of the �mass audience�, and the growth of the film society movement in Australia. The thesis then examines the establishment in the early 1950s of the Sydney and Melbourne Festivals as small, amateur events, run by and for film enthusiasts. It then traces the Festivals� historical development until 1972, by which time both Festivals had achieved an important status as social and cultural organisations within Australia. The main themes dealt with throughout this period of development include the Festivals� difficult negotiations with both the international and domestic film trade, their ongoing internal debates over their role and purpose as cultural organisations, their responses to the appearance of other international film festivals in Australia, their relation to the Australian film industry, and their fight to liberalise Australia�s film censorship regulations.

This BA thesis studies Göteborg Film Festival from a feminist theoretical perspective. It examines how the festival responds to recent efforts of working towards gender equality in the film industry. Through an interview with Göteborg Film Festivals Artistic Director topics on gender equality, representation and initiatives on gender equality reforms are discussed and analysed with the help from literature in film festival studies, film studies and feminist studies alongside other printed materials such as the festival´s website, press releases and interviews. The thesis also examines the festival´s way of marketing itself during their 5050 Vision initiative. It further discusses how the festival’s work with gender equality and inclusion could at the same time be consolidating a normative social order in society. The thesis concludes that Göteborg Film Festival is a progressive festival with regards to its work towards gender equality. Measures include attempts towards a more gender balanced film festival programming as well as hosting seminars and summits discussing gender equality in the festival sector and in film production. Although Göteborg Film Festival has not yet achieved gender equality, it provides a role model for how festivals can take a stand in a contested cultural arena.

This project chronicles an in-depth character study on the Manic Pixie Dream Girl trope in film. The term was coined in 2007 by a film critic about a very specific kind of female character—one who exists “solely in the fevered imaginations of sensitive writer-directors to teach broodingly soulful young men to embrace life and its infinite mysteries and adventures.” The MPDG has often been written off as nothing more than a stereotype or sexist characterization of a woman, but I argue that the MPDG can be much more than a flat character, as evidenced by the increasingly complex characterization of the MPDG in independent film. Based on case studies of several films, I discuss how the MPDG has grown from a supporting archetype into a well-rounded and multi-dimensional character. Based on a history of female depiction in film, a discussion of the critical interpretations of the MPDG, and these case studies, I argue that the MPDG has the potential to exist as a complex and realistic character rather than just an archetype.