It is well documented that the mechanical response of polycrystalline metals depends on the metal's microstructure, for example the dependence of yield strength on grain size (Hall-Petch effect). Local continuum approaches do not address the sensitivity of deformation to microstructural features, and are therefore unable to capture much of the experimentally observed behavior of polycrystal deformation. In this work, a crystal plasticity model is developed that predicts a dependence of yield strength on grain size without grain size explicitly entering into the constitutive equations. The grain size dependence in the model is the result of non-local effects of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), i.e. GNDs harden both the material at a point and the surrounding material. The conventional FeFp kinematics for single crystals have been augmented based on a geometric argument that accounts for the grain orientations in a polycrystal. The augmented kinematics allows an initial GND state at grain boundaries and an evolving GND state due to sub-grain formation within the grain to be determined in a consistent manner. Numerically, these non-local affects are captured using a non-local integral approach rather than a conventional gradient approach. The non-local crystal plasticity model is used to simulate the tensile behavior in copper polycrystals with grain sizes ranging from 14 to 244 micron. The simulation results show a grain size dependence on the polycrystal's yield strength, which are qualitatively in good agreement with the experimental data. However, the Hall-Petch exponent predicted by the simulations is more like d-1 rather than d-0.5. The effects of different simulation parameters including grain shape and misorientation distribution did not greatly affect the Hall-Petch exponent. The simulation results indicate that the Hall-Petch exponent is sensitive to the grain boundary strength: the Hall-Petch exponent decreases as grain boundary strength decreases. The intragrain misorientations predicted by the non-local model were compared with experiments on polycrystalline nickel. Experimentally, the intragrain misorientations were tracked by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) at various strain levels from the same location. On average, the simulation results predicted enough misorientation throughout the sample. However, the model did not correctly predict the spatial details of the intragrain misorientation.

Grinding is a commonly used finishing process to produce components of desired shape, size and dimensional accuracy. The ultimate goal is to have the maximum workpiece quality, minimum machining time and high economic efficiency by making a selective adaptation of the possible process strategy and chosen parameter selection. The focus of this study arose from a limitation that challenges the grinding industry. The production rate of the ground parts is generally constrained by surface topography and subsurface damage appearing as residual tensile stress, localized burns, and phase transformation induced micro and macro-cracking. This motivates the need for a reliable numerical modelling to simulate the grinding process. The numerical model sought should be able to predict not only the required grinding residual stresses but also the deformation history. The objective of this thesis is to build up a reliable finite element model for grinding-induced residual stress analysis and thus to explore thoroughly the mechanisms in terms of grinding conditions. The variations of the residual stresses and strains at integration points have been examined, and the effects of the friction coefficient (µ), Peclet number (Pe), non dimensional heat transfer coefficient (H) and different magnitudes of input heat flux (Q) on both the microstructure and the residual stress state are analyzed. Finally, based on the new findings in this research, a more comprehensive methodology is suggested for further study.

Orientador: Vicente Luiz Scalon / Banca: Geraldo Luiz Palma / Banca: José Ricardo Figueiredo / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de modelos numéricos para simulação de escoamentos tem se dado em diversos aspectos: desde os métodos de acoplamento entre pressões e velocidades até as técnicas de estabilização da solução. Neste contexto, este trabalho se propõe a implementar e avaliar o comportamento de um destes algoritmos, o CBS, utilizando-o na simulação de um escoamento isotérmico de fluido incompressível. Para tanto, foram utilizados variantes do esquema de solução com relação à discretização no tempo, com os métodos explícito e semi-implícito, além de algumas outras alterações na discretização no espaço e nos termos de estabilização. A discretização geral do problema foi feita com o método dos elementos finitos utilizando-se uma malha formada por elementos bilineares. O algoritmo e suas variações foram avaliados através de uma série de resultados, para diversos valores do número de Reynolds, de um problema clássico: a cavidade recirculante. Desta forma, foi possível mostrar que todas as variações da solução usando a malha estabelecida apresentaram concordância satisfatória com os resultados da literatura. Além disto, verificou-se que a omissão do termo característico não apresentou diferenças significativas nos resultados para os valores de número de Reynolds testados. Os resultados mostraram também que o método semi-implícito converge com um menor número de incrementos de tempo que o método explícito. / Abstract: The development of numerical models for fluid flow simulation occurred at many aspects: since coupling methods between pressures and velocities until stabilization techniques. In this context, this work intends to implement and evaluate one algorithm behavior, the CBS, used in a simulation of incompressible and isothermal flows. This work also uses the explicit and semi-implicit methods of the time discretization scheme and some others changes in space discretization and stabilization terms for tests with algorithm. The discretization technique used is the finite element method with the mesh formed by bilinear elements. The algorithm's changes were evaluated using results for several Reynold's number in a classic problem: the lid-driven cavity. All the changes in solution algorithm with the used mesh show good agreement with other results from bibliography. It was verified too, that the omission of characteristics term didn't present significant differences in results with Reynold's number tested. It was observed yet that the solution code using the semi-implicit method converges with less time steps than the explicit one. / Mestre

Este trabalho insere-se no âmbito das formulações não convencionais em elementos finitos. Particularmente, introduzem-se alguns aspectos do método dos elementos finitos generalizados (MEFG) e do clássico refino-p na consagrada formulação híbrida-Trefftz de tensão para a elasticidade bidimensional. A formulação apresentada aproxima diretamente dois campos independentes: o de tensões no domínio dos elementos e o de deslocamentos nas fronteiras dos elementos. Baseado na estrutura de enriquecimento centrada em nuvens, proposta pelo MEFG, podem ser selecionadas oportunamente regiões, formadas por um conjunto de elementos e fronteiras de elementos, onde o espaço da aproximação é adequadamente enriquecido mediante o refino-p. Neste contexto campos auto-equilibrados de tensões, derivados da solução da equação de Navier, são utilizados para compor a aproximação no domínio dos elementos, enquanto nas fronteiras dos elementos o campo de deslocamentos é construído a partir de bases específicas de aproximação; seja a base inicial, formada por funções de forma lineares, ou bases enriquecidas com polinômios hierárquicos, não hierárquicos e funções trigonométricas. Aborda-se também, ainda que preliminarmente, um estudo de painéis com múltiplas fissuras pelo método da partição em formulação híbrida-Trefftz com enriquecimento seletivo. As análises numéricas realizadas revelaram, em geral, uma formulação de ótimo desempenho, caracterizada por uma notável capacidade de aproximação dos campos de tensões e deslocamentos, elevada robustez numérica e reduzido dispêndio computacional. / This work is inserted in the context of unconventional formulations in the finite elements method. Particularly, some aspects of the generalized finite elements method (GFEM) and the classic p-refinement are introduced in the well known hybrid-Trefftz stress formulation for the two dimensional elasticity. The presented formulation approximates two independent fields: the one of stresses in the elements domain and the one of displacements in the boundaries of the elements. Based on the enrichment structure centered in clouds, proposed by the GFEM, some regions, formed by a group of elements and boundaries of elements where the approximation space is adequately enriched by the p-refinement, can be opportunely selected. In this context, self-equilibrated stress fields, derived from the solution of the Navier equation, are used to compose the approximation in the elements domain, whereas the displacements field in the borders of the elements is built from specific approximation bases, that is, the initial base formed by linear shape functions, or, bases enriched with hierarchical polynomials, nonhierarchical ones and trigonometric functions. Also, although preliminarily, a study of the multiple-cracked panels is done using the Splitting Method with a hybrid-Trefftz formulation and a selective enrichment. The numeric analyses done revealed, in general, a high performance formulation characterized by a great capacity of approximation the stress fields and displacements, high numeric robustness and reduced computer expenditure.

Orientador: Vicente Luiz Scalon / Banca: Helio Aparecido Navarro / Banca: Sergio Rodrigues Fontes / Resumo: A fluidodinâmica computacinal (CFD) tem sido utilizada, estudadda e implementada ao longa das duas últimas décadas na solução dos mais diversos problemas de engenharia. O princípio básico desta ciência é a aplicação de métodos numéricos em problemas que envolvam mecânica dos fluidos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho utiliza essa técnica para analisar o comportamento de um fluido incompreensível, que se encontra numa cavidade cilíndrica fechada onde as faces inferior e superior são adiabáticas e as superfícies laterais se encontram em diferentes temperaturas. Os perfis de velocidade e temperatura resultantes - ocasionados pela convecção natural - serão avaliados em todo o domínio do problema. Existe uma série de técnicas para a solução de problemas envolvendo escoamentos, sendo as mais comuns as que se utilizam do "Esquema de Passo Fracionado" proposto por Chorin no final da década de 60. Dentre as diversas soluções que se utilizam desta técnica, este trabalho optou pelo uso do método das características e do algoritmo CBS de solução proposto por Zienkiewicz e Codina (1995). Para a implementação do algoritmo de solução do problema proposto foi realizada uma discretização geral através do método dos elementos finitos usando-se de uma malha formada por elementos bilineares. A solução foi obtida a partir de um ambiente matemático adequado, a GNU-Octave (2008). Os resultados foram analisados para diferentes razões de curvatura, números de Rayleigh e métodos de solução, sendo plotados para as suas diversas variáveis buscando descrever o comportamento do fenônemo / Abstract: The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used, studied and performed through the last two decades to solve the series of problems in Engineering. The most basic aim of this science is the appliance of numerical methods in cases that envolve fluid mechanics. In this context, this work uses this technic to analyze the behaviour of an incompressible fluid, which is found in a closed cylindrical cavity, a place where the inferior and superior surfaces are adiabatic and the lateral surfaces are shown in different temperatures. The resultant profiles of speed and temperature - induced by the free convection - are going to be appraised in all the dominion of the problem. There is a set of technics to solve the problems which involve the drainage, but the most usual are those which use the techic "Fractional Step Method" offered by Chorin in the final of 60s. Among the several solutions that are solved through this technic, this research used the characteristics method and of the CBS algorthm, offered by Zienkiewicz e Codina (1995). For the implementation of the algorithm, it was realized a general discretization through the finite elements method, making use of a loop formed by bilinear elements. The resolution was obtained from an adequated mathematical ambient, the GNU-Octave (2008). The results were analysed for different curvature ratios, Rayleigh numbers and methods of solution, being plotted for its different variables searching to describe the behavior of the phenomenon / Mestre

Este trabalho analisou as diferenças entre o processo de conformação de rebites de Alumínio da liga AA 5052 e de aço inoxidável das ligas ABNT 420, ABNT 430 e ABNT 302, os quais são utilizados em grande escala na indústria cuteleira. Levando em conta as particularidades de cada material em estudo, foram analisadas as forças de conformação, tensões, deformações e temperaturas. A partir delas buscou-se chegar a um modelo de processo viável para se obter rebites de Aço inoxidável. Apesar da fabricação do rebite de Alumínio ser menos crítica, no que diz respeito a força necessária para conformação, a qualidade do produto é inferior, quando se compara com o Aço inoxidável. Este confere maior resistência mecânica e resistência à corrosão. Para modelamento do processo desenvolvido com o Alumínio AA5052 e com as ligas de Aço inoxidável utilizadas utilizou-se o software de simulação por elementos finitos SIMUFACT 11.0. Os resultados das simulações com o aço inoxidável com temperaturas a morno demonstraram grande dependência da temperatura para obtenção de tensões e forças suportadas pelo ferramental. Alguns resultados alcançados com o aço inoxidável aquecido, quando se variaram as temperaturas de 25ºC até 500ºC, geraram o grau de tensões e esforços no ferramental menor ou igual à condição onde o Alumínio é conformado a frio. Também, critérios como resistência à corrosão foram determinantes para a aprovação das ligas de aço inoxidável 302 e 430 estudadas. Esse resultado confirmou o que é indicado na bibliografia, onde são recomendadas ligas austeníticas e ferríticas, ao invés de martensíticas, para a fabricação de produtos de aço inoxidável que exigem alta resistência à corrosão, como é o caso dos rebites. / This study analyzed the differences between the rivet manufacturing process made by Aluminum of alloy AA5052 and Stainless Steel of alloys AISI 420, AISI 430 and AISI 302, wich are widely used in the cutlery industry. Taking into account the particularities of both materials, it was analyzed forming forces, stresses, strains and temperatures in order to find a viable process to manufacture stainless steel rivets. Even the manufacturing of Aluminum rivets is less critical, regarding the forming forces, the quality of the product is inferior than the stainless steel, wich provides more mechanical and corrosion resistance. The study of the process of forming Aluminum AA5052 and Stainless Steel rivets was developed using the finite elements software SIMUFACT 11.0. The simulation results of the Stainless Steel with warm temperatures showed big influence of the temperature to obtain lower stresses and forces, wich are supported by the tools. Some results with heated Stainless steel, considering temperatures from 25ºC to 500ºC, resulted in lower stress and tool forces than in the Aluminum with cold temperatures. Also, criteria like corrosion resistance was very important to the approval of the Stainless Steel AISI 302 and AISI 430. Those results confirm the information available in the bibliography, where it is preferential austenitic and ferritic alloys of stainless steel instead of martensitic alloys, when used to manufacture stainless steel rivets, wich require high corrosion resistance.

Adsorption is a retention mechanism of fluid molecules on solid surfaces and presents a wide range of applications, such as refrigeration, separation processes and fuel storage. This work describes the modelling of gas adsorption on porous media and presents an optimisation approach for the design of adsorption systems based on topology optimisation. A comprehensive formulation for the adsorption and desorption phenomena is presented, detailing the derivation of their weak forms and assembling the matrices for the implementation of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The sensitivities of objective functions to topology optimisation design variables are obtained by the adjoint method, which is presented in detail. The numerical implementation is aided by FEniCS and Dolfin Adjoint packages, resulting in a generic software for the optimisation of adsorption systems. The method is applied for the design of Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) tanks for on-demand consumption. Optimised tank layouts are proposed and compared with standard tanks, presenting improvement of the design objectives. / Adsorção é um mecanismo de retenção de moléculas de um fluido em superfícies sólidas e apresenta um vasto campo de aplicações, como em refrigeração, processos de separação e armazenamento de combustível. Este trabalho descreve o modelo de adsorção de gás em meios porosos e define uma abordagem de otimização de sistemas de adsorção baseada no Método de Otimização Topológica (MOT). Uma formulação abrangente para os fenômenos de adsorção e dessorção é apresentada, detalhando a dedução de seus formas fracas e montagem das matrizes para a implementação do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). As sensibilidades das funções-objetivo em relação às variáveis de projeto são obtidas pelo método adjunto, que também é apresentado em detalhe. A implementação numérica é auxiliada pelos pacotes FEniCS e Dolfin Adjoint, originando uma ferramenta genérica para a otimização de sistemas de adsorção. Este método é aplicado ao projeto de tanques de Gás Natural Adsorvido (GNA) visando transporte, armazenamento e consumo. Tanques otimizados são propostos e comparados com tanques tradicionais, apresentando melhora dos objetivos de projeto.

Dans le contexte de la biomécanique, les outils numériques constituent des moyens puissants et indispensables dans la compréhension des mécanismes de blessures. Ils permettent de pallier les freins que sont les expérimentations sur l'humain, liés à des raisons d'éthique qui limitent la possibilité d'essais sur des SHPM (Sujets Humain Post Mortem). Le développement de ces outils numériques a conduit à celui de plusieurs mannequins numériques permettant de stimuler diverses sollicitations (civiles ou militaires), nous donnant ainsi accès à des limites de tolérances.En vue d'explorer la réponse dynamique du corps humain soumis à des sollicitations diverses, un modèle de mannequin numérique a été développé au sein du laboratoire. Ce travail de thèse tente donc d'apporter une contribution dans la recherche sur la définition d'un critère de blessure et l'établissement de limites de tolérance du corps humain soumis aux chargements violents de la partie thoracique dans des contextes militaires. / The development of computer science has allowed an increase in the use of numerical approaches such as finite elements method in order to understand physical mechanisms. These numerical tools are often used to extend and complete experimental investigations wich are limited because of high financial cost and ethical issues. Thus, the use of simulation to avoid thes limitations becomes essential in biomechanics investigations. Many numericalmodels of the thorax/abdomen system have been developped over the last two decades. In that framework, a finite element model of the human body, dedicated to high speed loadings, has been developed in the laboratory. In this context, the objective of this Ph.D Thesis is to investigate the consequences of such loadings on the human body and to contribute to the research of injuries criteria and tolerance limit definition.

Οι συνεχώς αυξανόμενες απαιτήσεις για στιβαρότερες και ελαφρύτερες κατασκευές οδήγησαν στην ανάπτυξη νέων υλικών. Η αύξηση της αντοχής με την ταυτόχρονη μείωση του βάρους έχουν σαν συνέπεια τη μείωση του κόστους, όχι όμως εναντίον της αξιοπιστίας και λειτουργικότητας. Τα νέα υλικά έχουν υψηλότερες τιμές του λόγου αντοχής/βάρος σε σύγκριση με εκείνες των συμβατικών υλικών. Σαν αποτέλεσμα, χρησιμοποιούνται στη δημιουργία προηγμένων και ευφυών κατασκευών, οι οποίες ανταποκρίνονται στα πρότυπα αξιοπιστίας και λειτουργικότητας για τα οποία έχουν σχεδιαστεί. Το πεδίο εφαρμογής των προηγμένων υλικών εκτείνεται σε ένα ευρύ φάσμα κατασκευών, όπως στη βιομηχανία των αυτοκινήτων, στην αεροδιαστημική, καθώς και σε μια πληθώρα προϊόντων καθημερινής χρήσης. Η ανά χείρας διατριβή ασχολείται με την προσομοίωση και τη μελέτη των φαινομένων που σχετίζονται με τις αστοχίες και ειδικότερα με τις διαδικασίες διάρρηξης δεσμού πρόσφυσης σε υλικά με ανομοιογένειες, που κατά κύριο λόγο είναι σύνθετα υλικά. Με την εισαγωγή αντιπροσωπευτικών όγκων αναφοράς που περιγράφουν την επαναληψιμότητα της γεωμετρίας, είναι δυνατόν να επιτευχθεί μια αντικειμενική προσομοίωση, με ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές τη διάταξη των ενισχύσεων και την κατ’ όγκο περιεκτικότητα. Διερευνώνται οι εστίες συγκέντρωσης τάσεων και παραμορφώσεων, καθώς και η αλληλεξάρτησή τους από τις ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές του προβλήματος, όπως μεταξύ άλλων είναι η παρουσία ενδιάμεσης φάσης, η ατελής πρόσφυση κλπ. Προσομοιώνεται η αποκόλληση κατά μήκος της ενδιάμεσης φάσης, ο θρυμματισμός των ινών και αναλύεται ο τρόπος με τον οποίο αλληλεπιδρά μια θραυσμένη ίνα στις ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ iii γειτονικές της. Οι προσομοιώσεις και οι αναλύσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν, αφορούν υλικά τα οποία έχουν εκτεταμένες ή συγκεντρωμένες ενισχύσεις και χαρακτηρίζονται από ανομοιογένειες στην περιοχή μεταξύ των ενισχύσεων και της μήτρας. Το ένα υλικό διακρίνεται από το άλλο και κατά συνέπεια η μία φάση από την άλλη, διαμέσου της διεπιφάνειας. Η τυχαία ή συστηματική διάταξη των ενισχύσεων επιβάλλει την υιοθέτηση ενός αντιπροσωπευτικού στοιχείου όγκου, το οποίο να περιλαμβάνει δύο ή και περισσότερες ομογενείς φάσεις, που διαχωρίζονται μεταξύ τους με διεπιφάνειες, οι οποίες δεν είναι τίποτα περισσότερο από ανομοιογενείς στρώσεις ενδιάμεσων φάσεων, των οποίων οι ιδιότητες μεταβάλλονται κατά την έννοια του πάχους αυτών. Οι αστοχίες υλικών όπως τα παραπάνω αποτελούν δημοφιλέστατο αντικείμενο μελέτης εξαιτίας των ιδιαίτερα καταστροφικών τους αποτελεσμάτων. Η μείωση ή και η ολοκληρωτική απώλεια της ικανότητάς του να επιτελούν το σκοπό για τον οποίο σχεδιάστηκαν, μειώνουν την αξιοπιστία τους και οδηγούν σε απροσδόκητες αστοχίες με ολέθριες συνέπειες σε ότι αφορά την ασφάλεια, τη λειτουργικότητα και το κόστος του εξοπλισμού. Η κύρια αιτία που οδηγεί σε αστοχία ένα υλικό (εκτός από τη φθορά και τη διάβρωση) είναι η παραμόρφωση, με την οποία εννοούμε τη μεταβολή στο σχήμα ενός υλικού και αφορά κυρίως τις μηχανικές αστοχίες, οι οποίες είναι και το αντικείμενο μελέτης αυτής της διατριβής. Η παραμόρφωση ως επί το πλείστον οφείλεται σε εξωτερικά φορτία και μπορεί να είναι ελαστική ή πλαστική. Η τελευταία είναι δυνατόν να οδηγήσει σε θραύση. Ένα νέο είδος μηχανικής αστοχίας είναι η αποκόλληση, η οποία εμφανίζεται στις διεπιφάνειες των προηγμένων υλικών. Σαν αποτέλεσμα, όταν τα υλικά αυτά βρεθούν κάτω από κρίσιμο συνδυασμό εντατικών καταστάσεων να εγείρεται η διάρρηξη του δεσμού πρόσφυσής και κατά συνέπεια να αποτελούν εστίες εκκίνησης ρωγμών. Όλοι οι παραπάνω λόγοι επέβαλλαν τη μελέτη της αριθμητικής προσομοίωσης διάρρηξης δεσμού πρόσφυσης σε ανομοιογενή υλικά, καταλαβαίνοντας τη σημαντικότατη συμβολή που θα έχουν τα αποτελέσματα και τα συμπεράσματα που θα προκύψουν από αυτή. Αρχικά ο αναγνώστης, στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, έρχεται σε μια πρώτη επαφή με τα σύνθετα υλικά, τα χαρακτηριστικά τους, τις αστοχίες που εκδηλώνονται σε αυτά, τον τρόπο με τον οποίο θεωρούνται από απλά ολιγοφασικά σε πολυφασικά υλικά, ενώ εισάγεται η έννοια της ενδιάμεσης φάσης, παρουσιάζονται οι ιδιότητες της και εν συνεχεία γίνεται μια σύντομη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση. Έπειτα περιγράφεται το αντικείμενο των κεφαλαίων της παρούσας διατριβής. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναπτύσσεται η μοντελοποίηση των iv φάσεων των σύνθετων υλικών και παρουσιάζονται τα διάφορα μοντέλα της ενδιάμεσης φάσης. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο επεξηγείτε ο τρόπος με τον οποίο επιτυγχάνεται η τμηματική ομοιογένεια της ενδιάμεσης φάσης, πραγματοποιείται ο αντικειμενικός ορισμός του μοντέλου, εφαρμόζεται μια ημιαναλυτική διαδικασία προσέγγισης της ανομοιογένειας της ενδιάμεσης φάσης και περιγράφονται τα λεγόμενα διεπιφανειακά στοιχεία, που χρησιμεύουν στην εκκίνηση της διάρρηξης του δεσμού πρόσφυσης. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται επιλεκτικά αποτελέσματα που ελήφθησαν από τις προσομοιώσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν, ενώ τέλος στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο παραθέτονται τα συνολικά συμπεράσματα αυτής της προσπάθειας και οι προοπτικές που διανοίγονται από αυτήν. / The increasing demands for the development of improved and intelligent constructions, that will meet the desired reliability and functional standards, have led to new materials of higher strength/weight ratio comparing to those of the traditional materials. The present work is focused on the study -through simulation- of phenomena related to material failures and specifically to adhesion bond breaking of inhomogeneous materials. Through the introduction of representative reference volumes describing the repetitiveness of geometry, a realistic simulation can be evaluated, in which fibers packing dimensions and volumetric composition are the independent parameters. The areas of stress and strain accumulation, as well as their dependence on the problem independent variables (as weak interphase, imperfect adhesion etc), are discussed. The debonding along interphase and fiber fragmentation are simulated, while the reaction mechanism of a broken fiber near it is analysed. The materials under study include short and long reinforcements, while presenting inhomogenities among reinforcements and fibers (interphase area). Fibers packing demand the use of a representative volume element, which is consisted of two or more homogeneous phases, separated by interfaces. Those interfaces are inhomogeneous interphase layers, whose properties vary with their thickness. The validity of the proposed simulation method is established through the accuracy, the repetitiveness and the convergence of its results. The innovations of this work are the following:  For the first time, a study of the interphase and imperfect adhesion affection to the side debonding of fiber composite materials with FEA takes place.  A parametric model is developed, contributing to the realistic solution of this kind of problems.  For the first time, the development of hybrid interphase and its introduction to FEA analysis, take place.  For the first time, the simulation of fiber fragmentation and the use of interphase elements, to this analysis, take place.  Realistic simulation is improved, as well as the result process through modern computation tools. This general model for the prediction and the failure analysis of bonds breaking can be applied to other kinds of failure problems as well, for future research.

Šiame darbe buvo analizuojama programinė įranga skirta diskretizuoti sritį į baigtinius elementus. Analizuotos MATLAB sistemos ir COMSOL programos diskretzavimo galimybės. Sukurta programa sujungianti COMSOL ir MATLAB, kuri leidžia diskretizuoti sritį į baigtinius elementus. / In this work was done study of software for domain discretization by finite elements. Created program that connects MATLAB and COMSOL, which allows domain discretization by finite elements.