S’intéressant aux interactions entre la formulation, le procédé et le produit, ce travail original axé sur la fonctionnalisation ignifuge de textiles utilisés dans les transports et le bâtiment porte sur le développement de poudres non feu. La ligne conductrice de cette étude étant de comprendre comment les propriétés ignifuges du textile technique peuvent être influencées par les choix de formulation ou de procédé de mélange. L'identification des besoins, c.-à-d. la réalisation d’un produit fini ignifuge, la conception de mélanges de granulométrie définie qui s’écoulent facilement et qui possèdent une sensibilité à l’inflammation faible, a permis de proposer et d’examiner diverses formulations. En matière de méthodologie ce projet combine l’approche sécurité à l’ingénierie produit. La sélection finale des mélanges sera fonction des résultats de cette analyse technique globale. Le travail expérimental a permis de sélectionner le polymère et l’agent ignifuge à la concentration de 40 % pour l’obtention en mélangeur interne de particules bifonctionnelles répondant aux spécifications fixées. Contrairement aux mélanges à retournement ou haute vitesse, les grains préparés par granulation Hot-Melt ont des liaisons mécaniques renforcées. Ce résultat semble s’expliquer par la bonne affinité, le bon rapport en termes de taille de particules entre les composants et une morphologie favorable à la formation de ce type de structures. Ce mode de fabrication a également permis de lever les deux principaux verrous à savoir préparer une poudre bifonctionnelle à haute teneur en agent ignifuge et réaliser un mélange qui ne se démélange pendant l’étape d’imprégnation du procédé DPreg / This original work deals with the functionalization of textile fire retardant used in transport and the building focused on the development of fire retardant powders while studying the interactions of three criteria: the formulation, process and product. The main line of this study is the understanding and quantification of the flame retardant properties of the textile, which can be influenced by the choice of formulation or mixing process. The identification of needs, i.e. the realization of a finished fire retardant, the design of defined particle size mixtures, which flow easily and possess low sensitivity to inflammation, allowed to propose and consider various formulations. This project methodology is a good example of the combination between two approaches: the product engineering and a safety approach. The final selection of mixtures will be based on the results of a comprehensive technical analysis. The experimental work allows us to select the polymer and the flame retardant at a concentration of 40% in order to obtain in an internal mixer of bifunctional particles meet the specifications set out in this study. Unlike conventional mixtures by inversion or high speed, the grains prepared by Hot-Melt granulation have enhanced mechanical linkages. This result seems to be due to the good affinity and good particle size ratio between the components and a good morphology to the formation of such structures. This manufacturing method also overcomes two obstacles; the preparation of a bifunctional powder with high content of flame retardant and the realization of a mixture which does not demix under the action of the electric field of the DPreg impregnation process

This work is focuses on the modification of organic fiber insulating materials in terms of their reaction to fire after installation into the construction. The target is to find a way to improve the reaction to fire and to at least reach the reaction to fire D.

This diploma thesis deals with problematics of electrochemical power sources with focus on lithium accumulators, their construction and functioning priciple. It also discusses the safety of li-ion batteries with respect to their flammability. In addition, the flame retarders, which help to lower the flammability, are listed. The thesis describes Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Cycling with Potencial which are lithium-ion cell measuring methods. In the last part, the influence of various flame retarders on negative electrode is compared based on the conducted tests.

In der vorliegenden Dissertationsarbeit wird auf die Thematik der Entwicklung von Polymerwerkstoffen, basierend auf vollständig natürlichen Resourcen, eingegangen. Die vorliegende Lösung beruht auf der Compoundierung von Polylactid mit unterschiedlich modifizierten Vanillin. Ziel war es, flammschutzwirkende Komponenten einzubringen und die Abhängigkeiten zwischen Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften aufzuklären. Dem liegt die Absicht zugrunde, optimale Werkstoffe zur Verfügung zu stellen, die sich durch deutlich verbesserte flammhemmende und mechanische bzw. thermo-mechanische Eigenschaften auszeichnen. Die erzeugten modifizierten Vanillin-Derivate sowie deren Composite wurden hinsichtlich der physikalischen und chemischen Struktur mittels REM, EDX, FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, SEC und Zugversuch charakterisiert. Zur Bestimmung der flammwidrigen Eigenschaften wurden UL-94 V, LOI und CCT durchgeführt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass System aus PLA und einem Vanillin-Phosphorsäure-Ester in Bezug auf werkstofflichen Eigenschaften insgesamt die optimale Leistung aufwies. Die Materialen ergaben eine verbesserte Zähigkeit und erheblich erhöht flammwidrige Eigenschaften. In einem weiteren Schritt wurden MMT und APP, zwei kommerzielle Flammschutzmittel, mit dem PLA/VP System kombiniert. Die daraus abgeleiteten Resultate bewiesen eine synergistische Wirkung zwischen VP und MMT bzw. APP und führten zu besseren Brandklassen bei LOI und UL-94 Brandtests. / The present work demonstrates the development of fully bio-based polymeric composites. It was realized by the compounding of poly(lactic acid) and differently modified vanillin. The aim of this work was to introduce flame retardant components into PLA and to study the flame retardant mechanism. The intention of this approach is the preparation of optimized PLA composites with significantly improved flame retardant, mechanical as well as thermo-mechanical properties. The modified vanillin and the PLA composites based on those vanillin derivatives were characterized by means of SEM, EDX, FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, SEC and tensile test for their physical and chemical structures. UL-94 V, LOI and CCT were carried out to determine the corresponding flame retardant properties. The results showed that, the PLA/VP system represented the best overall performance. The PLA/VP composite exhibited increased toughness and significantly improved flame retardancy. In addition, two commercialized flame retardants, MMT and APP, were introduced into the PLA/VP system, respectively. It was suggested that there were synergic effects between VP and MMT as well as APP. The combined used flame retardants resulted in an improved classification in UL-94 and LOI tests.

The thesis discusses possibilities of use new thermal insulation materials based on natural renewable resources (primary technical hemp) in development of the new thermal insulation materials. The main task (in the work) is to find modifications of the thermal insulation mats based on natural fibres by chemicals substances to improve the moisture properties, thermal properties and fire resistance.