The object of the master´s thesis is a business plan for internet portal KAMZASPORTEM.CZ, which will provide information about sports centres in Brno and surroundings. The thesis contains the theoretical introduction of the business plan and also the analysis of practical part.

<div>Comprehensive networking security is a goal to achieve for enterprise networks. In forensics, the traffic analysis, causality dependence in intricate program network flows is needed in flow-based attribution techniques. The provenance, the connection between stealthy advanced persistent threats (APTs) and the execution of loadable modules is stripped because loading a module does not guarantee an execution. The reports of common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) demonstrate that lots of vulnerabilities have been introduced in protocol engineering process, especially for the emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. A code generation framework targeting secure protocol implementations can substantially enhance security.</div><div>A novel automaton-based technique, NetCrop, to infer fine-grained program behavior by analyzing network traffic is proposed in this thesis. Based on network flow causality, it constructs automata that describe both the network behavior and the end-host behavior of a whole program to attribute individual packets to their belonging programs and fingerprint the high-level program behavior. A novel provenance-oriented library tracing system, Lprov, which enforces library tracing on top of existing syscall logging based provenance tracking approaches is investigated. With the dynamic library call stack, the provenance of implicit library function execution is revealed and correlated to system events, facilitating the locating and defense of malicious libraries. The thesis presents ProFactory, in which a protocol is modeled, checked and securely generated, averting common vulnerabilities residing in protocol implementations.</div>

The object of the master´s thesis is a business plan for internet portal Sportuj.cz, which will provide information about sports centres in Brno and surroundings. The thesis contains the theoretical introduction of the business plan and also the analysis of practical part.

This diploma thesis is focused on CFD analysis of M-601 turboprop engine nacelle mounted on L-410 commuter aircraft. Calibrating exercise is performed at the beginning of the thesis in order to be more familiar with CFD problems. Next parts of the thesis are chronologically divided with respect to project progress, namely suitable geometrical model creation, mesh creation in order to obtain computational model, calculation using CFD methods, results evaluation and proposal of possible construction transformation at the conclusion.

Orientador: Dilson Amâncio Alves / Banca: Sergio Azevedo de Oliveira / Banca: Carlos Alberto Castro Júnior / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um programa interativo para a simulação do fluxo de potência e do fluxo de potência continuado. O programa foi desenvolvido no ambiente MATLAB e a simulação é realizada por meio de uma interface gráfica. A interface gráfica não só proporciona um bom desempenho computacional, mas também torna o programa mais amigável para o usuário. Através dela o usuário pode editar os arquivos de entrada e saída e visualizar e analisar os resultados obtidos diretamente na tela do computador. A partir do diagrama unifilar dos sistemas, a interface gráfica permite que o usuário: mude os parâmetros do sistema (dados de barras e de linhas de transmissão); remova uma linha de transmissão com um simples clicar sobre ela; visualize os perfis de tensão nas barras, e os fluxos de potência ativa e reativa nas linhas de transmissão. Todas estas características fazem do programa desenvolvido uma ferramenta recomendada para fins educacionais. / Abstract: This work presents an interactive computing program for power flow and continuation power flow simulations. The power flow and continuation power flow programs were developed in the MATLAB environment and the simulation is accomplished through a graphical user interface. The graphical user interface provides not only a good computational performance, but also an user-friendly teaching software. With the use of this interface the user can edit the input and output data files of the selected systems and can visualize and analyze the results of the program directly in the computer screen. Directly from the system one-line diagrams, the graphical user interface allows the user: to change the parameters of the system (bus and lines system data); to remove the transmission line clicking directly on it; to visualize the bus voltage profile, and the active and reactive power flows. All these characteristics make the developed program recommended for educational purposes. / Mestre

The Photovoltaic Industry is at a crossroads for change. Improving the sustainability of this complex system requires a thorough understanding of the entire life cycle of the solar module production. The product life cycle is thereby divided into the value added steps of raw material extraction, outsourced production, in-house production, operation, and recycling. Furthermore, the following report distinguishes between social, ecological, and economic sustainability. The report offers a compacted matrix with all parts of sustainability and each life cycle stage in order toshow companies of the photovoltaic industry the sensible areas. This should be a first step for improving the sustainability in the whole life cycle of a solar module.

Urban emissions of antibiotics into the environment have the potential to adversely affect terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Developed standardized test methods allow the quantification of the resulting ecotoxicological risk, which strongly relies on a comprehensive situation analysis by predicting or measuring a representative antibiotic concentration of interest. Predicting the input loads of antibiotics to wastewater treatment plants using secondary input data (e.g. prescriptions) is a reasonable method if no analytical data is available. The absence of such data poses the question of an aquired reasonable sample quantity to capture local seasonal differences in prescriptions as well as flow conditions within the catchment area. Both, the theoretical and measurement based determination of environmental concentrations have been scarcely verified in practice. Hence, high resolution prescription data in combination with an extensive monitoring campaign at the wastewater treatment plant Dresden-Kaditz (WWTP) were used as a basis to evaluate the reliability of predicting and measuring urban antibiotic emissions. As expected, the recovery of antibiotic input loads strongly varies among substances. The group of macrolides as well as sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were almost fully recovered whereas nearly all substances of the beta-lactam family exhibit high elimination rates during the wastewater transport in the sewer system. Yet other antibiotics (e.g. fluoroquinolones) show distinct fluctuations through the year, which was not obvious from relatively constant prescriptions. The latter substances are an example that available data are not per se sufficient to predict the actual release into the environment which, in certain cases, emphasizes the necessity of adequate measuring campaings. The extensive data pool of this study was hence used to calculate the necessary number of samples to determine a representative annual mean load to the WWTP. Based on the applied approach, a minimum number of 20 to 40 samples per year is proposed to reasonably estimate a representative annual input load of antibiotics and other micropollutants. Regarding the WWTP, the mass flow analysis revealed that macrolides, clindamycin/ clindamycin-sulfoxide and trimethoprim were mainly released with the effluent, while penicillins, cephalosporins as well as sulfamethoxazole were partly degraded in the studied WWTP. Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are the only antibiotics under investigation with a significant mass fraction bound to primary, excess and digested sludge. In this context, the sludge concentrations are considered to be highly inconsistent which leads to questionable results. It remains unclear whether the inconsistencies are due to insufficiencies in sampling and/or analytical determination or if the fluctuations can be considered reasonable for digesters. Subsequently, verified antibiotic loads were evaluated regarding their ecotoxicological effects in the aquatic environment. Two approaches were applied (1) to address the ecological impact on individual trophic levels algae, daphnia and fish, and (2) to assess the possible synergistic potential of antibiotic combinations. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and the group of cephalosporins showed to significantly affect the aquatic environment. They either have the highest impact on (one of) the lowest trophic level(s) or disproportionately increase the ecotoxicological risk due to their synergistic characteristics. In this regard, the deficiencies regarding the input prediction of these antibiotics is of particular concern. The underestimation of such critical mass flow conditions weakens the approach of assessing environmental risks on the basis of secondary data like prescriptions. Hence, efforts must be made to further develop the projection model by improving the quality of secondary data, identifying additional emitters and understanding possible retention and degradation dynamics of antibiotics within the sewer system.:Abstract 2 Danksagung 1 Table of Contents 1 Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Scope 1 Goals and structure 3 Approach and Methods 5 Chapter 2 – Representative input load of antibiotics to WWTPs: Predictive accuracy and determination of a required sampling quantity 11 Introduction 14 Materials and Methods 16 Results and discussion 24 Conclusion 38 References 39 Chapter 3 – Mass flow of antibiotics in a wastewater treatment plant focusing on removal variations due to operational parameters 41 Introduction 45 Materials and Methods 47 Results and discussion 52 Conclusions 65 References 66 Chapter 4 – Species-related risk assessment of antibiotics using the probability distribution of long-term toxicity data as weighting function – a case study 71 Introduction 74 Materials and Methods 75 Results and discussion 86 Conclusions and summary 93 References 95 Chapter 5 – Environmental risk assessment of antibiotics including synergistic and antagonistic combination effects 99 Materials and Methods 104 Results 113 Discussion 120 Conclusions and summary . 125 References 126 Chapter 6 – Results and conclusions 129 Individual results 131 Aggregation of results 133 Final conclusions 134 References 139 Annex 1 – Supplementary material Chapter 2 141 Annex 2 – Supplementary material Chapter 3 147 Annex 3 – Supplementary material Chapter 4 159 Annex 4 – Supplementary material Chapter 5 177 / In der Humanmedizin eingesetzte Antibiotika werden im menschlichen Körper nicht vollständig metabolisiert und gelangen über die Ausscheidungen in das kommunale Abwasser. In der Kläranlage erfolgt nur eine unvollständige Elimination dieser Stoffe, so dass der Kläranlagenablauf einen Hot Spot für Antibiotikaemissionen in die Umwelt darstellt. Das induzierte ökotoxikologische Risiko kann anhand standardisierter Testverfahren und allgemein anerkannter Bewertungsansätze für Einzelsubstanzen abgeschätzt werden. Erfolgt jedoch die Betrachtung von Antibiotikagemischen, wie es für den gereinigten Ablauf einer Kläranlage sinnvoll ist, sind aufgrund zumeist unspezifischer Wirkmechanismen und dem Mangel an repräsentativen Daten eine Reihe von Vereinfachungen und Annahmen zu treffen. Es besteht in der Folge die Gefahr einer Unterschätzung des durch Substanzgemische hervorgerufenen ökotoxikologischen Risikos. Eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit den Entscheidungsprozess über mögliche Vermeidungs- und Eliminationsmaßnahmen zu unterstützen besteht in der Priorisierung von Antibiotika entsprechend ihres Effektpotentials. Hierbei sind Substanzen zu identifizieren, die den größten Einfluss auf die Nahrungskette im Gewässer bzw. das höchste (negative) Synergiepotential mit anderen Substanzen aufweisen. Die Verringerung dieser Substanzen führt zu einer hohen ökologischen Effektivität und Effizienz der eingesetzten Mittel. Wie im Fall des klassischen Bewertungsansatzes, ist auch für den Priorisierungsansatz eine umfängliche und zuverlässige Situationsanalyse die Grundvoraussetzung für verwertbare Ergebnisse. Die Situationsanalyse beruht auf der analytischen Bestimmung bzw. der Abschätzung von emittierten Antibiotikafrachten zur Berechnung von repräsentativen Umweltkonzentrationen. Analytisch ermittelte Umweltkonzentrationen vieler Antibiotika weisen aufgrund saisonaler Verschreibungsmuster eine hohe zeitliche und räumliche Variabilität auf. Die für eine adäquate Erfassung der Situation notwendigen Messkampagnen sind kostenintensiv, wobei die tatsächlich notwendige Häufigkeit der Probenahme von zumeist nicht hinreichend bekannten substanzspezifischen Informationen, wie der chemischen Stabilität im Rohabwasser und der saisonal beeinflussten Applikation, abhängt. Alternativ können Antibiotikaeinträge in die Kanalisation anhand von Verschreibungsdaten abgeschätzt und mit Hilfe von Stoffflussanalysen (SFA) zur ökotoxikologischen Bewertung herangezogen werden. Eine vom Umfang befriedigende, direkte Gegenüberstellung von prognostizierten und analytisch ermittelten Frachten ist bisher jedoch nicht erfolgt, so dass die Verifizierung dieses Ansatzes noch aussteht. Für den Fall einer bestehenden Verschreibungspflicht für Antibiotika besitzen Verschreibungsdaten eine vergleichsweise hohe zeitliche und räumliche Informationsgüte. In Verbindung mit einer an diese Datenqualität angepassten Messkampagne, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit einer detaillierten SFA mit substanzspezifischer Bewertung der Eignung des Prognoseansatzes. Die am Beispiel der Stadt Dresden durchgeführte Bewertung des Prognoseansatzes fußt auf einer 15-monatigen Messkampagne und den für das Einzugsgebiet der Zentralkläranlage Dresden-Kaditz verfügbaren Verschreibungsdaten der AOK PLUS. Erwartungsgemäß ergibt der Abgleich von erwarteten und analytisch ermittelten Frachten eine starke Variation der für den Zulauf der Kläranlage ermittelten Wiederfindungsdaten verschiedener Substanzen. Die analytisch ermittelten Frachten von Sulfamethoxazol, Trimethoprim sowie der Gruppe der Makrolid-Antibiotika entsprechen nahezu den prognostizierten Mengen. Die Beta-Laktam-Antibiotika unterliegen bereits während des Abwassertransports einer umfänglichen, zumeist biologisch bedingten, Elimination, was zu hohen Unterbefunden im Zulauf der Kläranlage führt. Andere Substanzen hingegen (z.B. Fluorchinolone) weisen messtechnisch eine signifikante Jahresdynamik auf, die aufgrund der weitgehend konstanten Verschreibung in dieser Ausprägung nicht zu erwarten ist. Die Auswertung zuletzt genannter Substanzen zeigt deutlich, dass die Nutzung von Verschreibungsdaten nicht per se ausreicht, um die Emission von Antibiotika (und anderer Pharmazeutika) sowie die sich daraus ergebenden Umweltkonzentrationen mit ausreichender Sicherheit prognostizieren zu können. Für eine nachgelagerte ökotoxikologische Bewertung ist in diesen Fällen die Durchführung von Messungen unumgänglich. Zur effizienten Planung derartiger Kampagnen wurde der umfassende Datenpool dieser Studie hinsichtlich der erforderlichen Probenanzahl zur Bestimmung einer repräsentativen mittleren Jahresfracht ausgewertet. Es ergibt sich ein Minimum von 20 bis 40 homogen über das Jahr verteilten Proben, um die jährlich in die Kläranlage eingetragene Fracht an Antibiotika bzw. anderer Mikroschadstoffe mit ausreichender Sicherheit abschätzen zu können. Im Rahmen der SFA in der Kläranlage Dresden-Kaditz wird deutlich, dass Makrolide, Clindamycin und dessen Humanmetabolit Clindamycin-Sulfoxid sowie Trimethoprim in der nahezu keiner Elimination unterliegen, wohingegen Penizilline, Cefalosporine und auch Sulfamethoxazol teilweise bis vollständig abgebaut werden. Mit Levofloxacin und Ciprofloxacin handelt es sich um die einzigen untersuchten Antibiotika, welche zu einem signifikanten Massenanteil an Primär-, Überschuss- und Faulschlamm gebunden vorgefunden werden. Aufgrund der hohen Relevanz dieses Eliminationspfades für die zuvor genannten Antibiotika bedarf die Beobachtung von z. T. widersprüchlichen Schwankungen einer kritischen Betrachtung der Ergebnisse. Es ist nicht abschließend geklärt, ob die beobachteten Fluktuationen auf eine unzureichende Qualität der Probenahme und/oder der Analytik zurückzuführen sind oder sich die Schwankungen in einem für Faulbehälter tolerierbaren Bereich befinden. Im Anschluss an die verifizierten Antibiotikaemissionen erfolgte die Priorisierung der betrachteten Antibiotika nach ihrem ökotoxikologischen Effektpotential. Zum einen wurde der ökologische Einfluss auf verschiedene, die Nahrungskette bildende trophische Ebenen (Alge, Daphnie, Fisch) untersucht. In Anlehnung an die humanmedizinische Kombinationstherapie erfolgte im zweiten Ansatz die Beurteilung der Antibiotika hinsichtlich ihres möglichen Potentials zur Verstärkung von negativen Effekten durch das gleichzeitige Auftreten mit anderen Substanzen. Für Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin und die Gruppen der Makrolide und Cefalosporine konnten signifikante Beeinträchtigungen der aquatischen Umwelt nachgewiesen werden. Diese Stoffe und Stoffgruppen führten im Rahmen der untersuchten Substanzen entweder zur höchsten Schadwirkung gegenüber der niedrigsten trophischen Ebene oder besitzen das höchste Synergiepotential in Kombination mit anderen Substanzen. Die Auswertung der SFA bestätigt die grundsätzliche Eignung der Verschreibungsdaten sowie des entwickelten Prognosemodells zur Vorhersage von Antibiotikaemissionen im urbanen Raum. Die Stoffflussanalyse stellt somit ein strategisches, im Vergleich zur Messung kostengünstiges Instrument zur Identifikation von Hot Spots der Antibiotikaemission dar und erleichtert die Entscheidungsfindung für monetär aufwendige Reduktionsmaßnahmen am Ort der Entstehung oder in der Kläranlage (z.B. 4. Reinigungsstufe). Die Vorgehensweise zur Priorisierung von Substanzen hinsichtlich ihres ökotoxikologischen Effektpotentials eignet sich sehr gut, Antibiotika mit dem höchsten Schadpotential zu identifizieren. Die Verschneidung der Kenntnis dieser Substanzen mit den Ergebnissen der SFA macht deutlich, dass mit Ausnahme der Makrolide, alle ökotoxikologisch priorisierten Antibiotika eine mangelhafte Prognosefähigkeit aufweisen. Die unvollständige Abbildung kritischer Stoffströme, wie z.B. Frachtspitzen, führt insbesondere im Fall der ökotoxikologisch priorisierten Substanzen zu einer Minderung der Aussagekraft des auf Verschreibungsdaten beruhenden Prognoseansatzes. An diesem Punkt ist in zukünftigen Betrachtungen anzusetzen, um die Qualität von Verschreibungsdaten zu verbessern, potentiell nicht erfasste Emittenten in die Betrachtungen einzubeziehen, sowie die Dynamik der Rückhalte- und Eliminationsprozesse in der Kanalisation adäquat beschreiben zu können. Die ergänzende Betrachtung weiterer Anlagentechnologien (z.B. Festbettreaktoren) kann zur Bestätigung der am Beispiel der Kläranlage Dresden-Kaditz gewonnenen Ergebnisse beitragen bzw. Unterschiede bei der Elimination von Antibiotika das Potential, die Problematik der Antibiotika und anderer Mikroschadstoffe bereits während der Planung von Abwasseranlagen berücksichtigen zu können.:Abstract 2 Danksagung 1 Table of Contents 1 Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Scope 1 Goals and structure 3 Approach and Methods 5 Chapter 2 – Representative input load of antibiotics to WWTPs: Predictive accuracy and determination of a required sampling quantity 11 Introduction 14 Materials and Methods 16 Results and discussion 24 Conclusion 38 References 39 Chapter 3 – Mass flow of antibiotics in a wastewater treatment plant focusing on removal variations due to operational parameters 41 Introduction 45 Materials and Methods 47 Results and discussion 52 Conclusions 65 References 66 Chapter 4 – Species-related risk assessment of antibiotics using the probability distribution of long-term toxicity data as weighting function – a case study 71 Introduction 74 Materials and Methods 75 Results and discussion 86 Conclusions and summary 93 References 95 Chapter 5 – Environmental risk assessment of antibiotics including synergistic and antagonistic combination effects 99 Materials and Methods 104 Results 113 Discussion 120 Conclusions and summary . 125 References 126 Chapter 6 – Results and conclusions 129 Individual results 131 Aggregation of results 133 Final conclusions 134 References 139 Annex 1 – Supplementary material Chapter 2 141 Annex 2 – Supplementary material Chapter 3 147 Annex 3 – Supplementary material Chapter 4 159 Annex 4 – Supplementary material Chapter 5 177

<div> <div> <p>Continuous flow chemistry for organic synthesis is an emerging technique in academia and industry because of its exceptional heat and mass transfer ability and, in turn, higher productivity in smaller reactor volumes. Preparative electrospray (ES) is a technique that exploits reactions in charged microdroplets that seeks to accelerate chemical synthesis. In Chapter 2, the flow synthesis of atropine, a drug which is included in the WHO list of essential of medicines and currently in shortage according to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA)is reported.The two steps of atropine synthesis were initially optimized separately and then continuously synthesized using two microfluidic chips under individually optimized condition.The telescoped continuous-flow microfluidics experiment gave a 55% conversion with an average of 34% yield in 8 min residence time. In Chapter 3, a robotic HTE technique to execute reactions in 96-well arrays was coupled with fast MS analysis. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura (S-M) cross-coupling reactions were screened in this system and a heat map was generated to identify the best reaction condition for downstream scale up in continuous flow. <br></p><p><br></p><p>In Chapter 4, an inexpensive and rapid synthesis of an old anticancer drug, lomustine,was synthesized. Using only four inexpensive commercially available starting materials and a total residence time of 9 min, lomustine was prepared via a linear sequence of two chemical reactions performed separately in two telescoped flow reactors. Sequential offline extraction and filtration resulted in 63% overall yield of pure lomustine at a production rate of 110 mg/h. The primary advantage of this approach lies in the rapid manufacture of lomustine with two telescoped steps to avoid isolation and purification of a labile intermediate, thereby decreasing the production cost significantly. A high throughput reaction screening approach based on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is described in Chapter 4 and 5 for finding the heat-map from a set of reaction conditions. DESI-MS is used to quickly explore a large number of reaction conditions and guide the efficient translation of optimized conditions to continuous flow synthesis that potentially accelerate the process of reaction optimization and discovery. Chapter 5 described HTE ofSNAr reactions using DESI-MS and bulk techniques with 1536 unique reaction conditions explored using both in DESI-MS and bulk reactors. The hotspots from the HTE screening effort were validated using a microfluidic system that confirmed the conditions as true positives or true.<br></p> </div> </div>

A linear model of consumption − produce-use-dispose − has constantly increased the pressure on the environment in recent decades. There has been a great belief that technology will solve the problem, but in many cases it is only partly contributing to the solution. For a full solution, the root causes of problems need to be identified. The drivers-pressures-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework allows the drivers of a specific problem to be identified by structuring the causal relations between humans and the environment. A state/ impact-based approach can help identify pressures and drivers, and make what can be considered an end-of-pipe response. Rather than that mainstream approach, this thesis adopts a pressure-based driver-oriented approach, which could be considered a proactive approach to environmental resource management. In physical resource management, material flow analysis (MFA) is one of the tools used for communication and decision support for policy response on resource productivity and pollution abatement. Here, element flow analysis (EFA), a disaggre- gation of MFA for better mass balance, was applied in pollution control and resource management. The pressure-based driver-oriented approach was used to model element flows and thus identify the drivers of problems in order to improve pollution control and resource management in complex systems. In one case study, a source-storage-transport model was developed and applied in five lakes in the Stockholm region to identify the drivers of copper pollution by monitoring the state of the environment through element flow modeling linking diffuse sources and fate in the lakes. In a second case study, a system dynamics modeling approach was applied in dynamic element flow modeling of the global mobile phone product system to investigate the drivers for closing the material flow loop through a sensitivity analysis. In a third case study, causal loop diagram modeling was used for proactive resource management to identify root causes of a problem in a complex system (product systems of physical consumer goods) by qualitatively analyzing unintended environmental consequences of an improvement action. In the case study on lakes in the Stockholm region, the source-transport-storage model proved capable of predicting copper sources through monitoring the sediment copper content in the heavily copper-polluted lakes. The results also indicated how the model could help guide policy makers in controlling copper pollution. The system dynamics study proposed an eco-cycle model of the global mobile phone product system by tuning the drivers, which could lessen the pressures on resources by decreasing the resource demands for production and increasing resource recovery at product end-of- life. The causal loop diagram study showed that a broader systems approach is required to understand and identify the drivers for proactive resource management in a complex system, where improvement actions can lead to unintended consequences. / <p>QC 20150420</p>

ORWARE, an evolving systems analysis based computer model is used to assess the performance of different waste management options from a life cycle perspective. The present version of the model consists of different submodels for transport, treatment, and disposal of different types of liquid and solid wastes and recycling of materials. Flows between submodels are described by a vector of several substances of different relevance to the system. The model calculates emissions to water and air, amount of residues returned to arable land and energy flows using the tools of life cycle analysis (LCA) and substance flow analysis (SFA). In going in the direction of stringent environmental standards and policies, there is a need for maximizing energy recovery from waste for both environmental and economic benefits. Sweden has already experience of recovering energy from waste for district heating. Recovering energy not only of high value but also of higher quality from waste would be of interest. Hydrogen is one carrier of such energy. The possibility of using hydrogen from waste as a fuel in the transport sector would contribute in heading for creating a clean environment. In this thesis a new submodel for steam reforming of biogas recovered from an anaerobic digester is developed and used with other submodels within the ORWARE framework. Four scenarios representing alternative ways of energy recovery from the organic waste in Stockholm have been simulated to compare the associated energy turnover and different environmental impacts. Digestion of the organic waste and using the biogas to fuel cars is compared against steam reforming of biogas to hydrogen or thermal gasification of the waste and processing the product gases to hydrogen. In the latter two cases hydrogen produced is used in fuel cell cars. Avoided impacts of using the biogas and hydrogen are analyzed using the fourth scenario where the waste is incinerated to generate heat and electricity. Functional equivalence between scenarios is achieved by external supply of heat, electricity and petrol. While recognizing the uncertainties during modelling and simulation, it is possible to conclude that the results indicate that there is advantage of reduced environmental impact and high energy turnover in introducing the technologies of producing hydrogen from waste into the waste management system. Further and thorough investigation is recommended to come up with a sound and firm conclusion. Key words: Systems analysis, Life cycle analysis, Substance flow analysis, Waste management, Environmental impact, Steam reforming, Thermal gasification, Fuel cell vehicles, Hydrogen <img src="http://www.webforum.com/form/kthima/images/spacer.gif" /> / www.ima.kth.se