[pt] Nesta dissertação estuda-se em detalhe o modelo de coluna submetido a carregamentos não conservativos dependentes do deslocamento. Analisa-se a influência da base elástica de Winkler e de apoios elásticos nos dois problemas clássicos de Beck e Leipholz. Apresenta-se uma metodologia para o método dinâmico de determinação da condição e carga crítica através de uma formulação matricial. A modelagem é desenvolvida para um elemento de viga esbelta através do método de Rayleigh-Ritz com o campo de deslocamentos descrito pela combinação de polinômios cúbicos e funções trigonométricas. Desenvolveu-se um programa em MATLAB de acordo com a metodologia apresentada. Os problemas clássicos foram utilizados para avaliar numericamente a eficácia desta abordagem. Apresentam-se as análises de influência de base elástica e apoios elásticos avaliados tanto separadamente como em conjunto. Isto permite mostrar que as cargas críticas e respectivos modos são afetados de forma distinta para cada tipo de apoio elástico e forma de carregamento. Finalmente, as análises são comparadas com resultados presentes na bibliografia, de modelos mais completos, considerando movimento de fluido ao longo do elemento, com o objetivo de avaliar a faixa de aplicabilidade do modelo de Beck para o caso de tubulações. / [en] In this dissertation, the model of column subjected to displacementdependent non-conservative loads is studied in detail. The influence of Winkler s elastic foundation and elastic supports is carried out for some classical problems such as Beck s and Leipholz s. A methodology based on a matrix formulation is presented for determining the critical condition and load in a dynamic approach. The model developed is based on Rayleigh-Ritz method, using a combination of cubic polynomials and trigonometric functions to describe the displacement field of slender beam elements. This methodology was implemented in a computer program developed in MATLAB. The classical problems were used as numerical tests to evaluate the accuracy of this approach. Later, the analysis of elastic foundation and elastic supports influence are presented separately and together. It was possible to show that both critical load and its respective modes are affected differently for each type of elastic support and load distribution. Finally, the influence analysis of Beck s problem is compared to results presented in in bibliography of a model which includes fluid movement within the element. This comparison has the purpose to estimate a range of applicability of the classical Beck s model to a pipe conveying fluid.

Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur le calcul par la méthode des éléments finis du comportement dynamique de réservoirs élastiques précontraints contenant un liquide interne à surface libre. Nous considérons que la pression hydrostatique exercée par le fluide interne incompressible sur les parois flexibles du réservoir est à l’origine de grands déplacements, conduisant ainsi à un état d’équilibre non-linéaire géométrique. Le changement de raideur lié à cet état précontraint induit un décalage des fréquences de résonances du problème de vibrations linéaires couplées.L’objectif principal du travail est donc d’estimer, par des approches numériques précises et efficaces, l’influence des non-linéarités géométriques sur le comportement hydroélastique du système réservoir/liquide interne autour de différentes configurations d’équilibre. La méthodologie développée s’effectue en deux étapes. La première consiste à calculer l’état statique non-linéaire par une approche éléments finis lagrangienne totale. L’action du fluide sur la structure est ici modélisée par des forces suiveuses hydrostatiques. La deuxième étape porte sur le calcul des vibrations couplées linéarisées. Un modèle d’ordre réduit original est notamment proposé pour limiter les coûts de calcul associés à l’estimation de l’effet de masse ajoutée. Enfin, divers exemples sont proposés et comparés à des résultats de la littérature (issus de simulations numériques ou d’essais expérimentaux) pour montrer l’efficacité et la validité des différentes approches numériques développées dans ce travail. / This doctoral thesis focuses on the calculation by the finite element method of the dynamic behavior of prestressed elastic tanks containing an internal liquid with a free surface. We consider that the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the incompressible internal fluid on the flexible walls of the tank causes large displacements, thus leading to a geometric non-linear equilibrium state. The change of stiffness related to this prestressed state induces a shift in the resonance frequencies of the coupled linear vibration problem. The main objective of the work is therefore to estimate, through precise and efficient numerical approaches, the influence of geometric nonlinearities on the hydroelastic behavior of the reservoir/internal liquid system around different equilibrium configurations. The methodology developed is carried out in two stages. The first one consists in calculating the non-linear static state by a total Lagrangian finite element approach.The action of the fluid on the structure is modelled here by hydrostatic following forces. The second step is the calculation of linearized coupled vibrations. In particular, an original reduced order model is proposed to limit the calculation costs associated with the estimation of the added mass effect. Finally, various examples are proposed and compared with results from the literature (from numerical simulations or experimental tests) to show the effectiveness and validity of the different numerical approaches developed in this work.