Univ., Diss.--Freiburg (Breisgau), 2001.

Univ., Diss.--Freiburg (Breisgau), 2000. / Literaturverz. S. 373 - 399.

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In order to recruit customers to WM3, the sellers of HL Design have for a while been wishing for a demonstration site. Therefore, this thesis and projekt goal have been to create such a site in WM3. WM3 is a CMS created by HL design and includes eleven different modules and features like; live editing, articles and calendars. The site will therefore include these modules that WM3 offers in except for two; the webshop and statistics-module. The site will also be user friendly, responsive, accessible, and it will be easy to navigate in it. Interest in WM3 has grown and grown during the project. The reason has been the ease and userfriendliness of WM3, both for developers and potential customers. As manager and developer of this thesis and projekt the tasks consisted of devoloping the site accourding to a plan and creating the plan to; demonstrate how the site should look like in terms of design, how the modules should be presented and how the structure of the website should look like. The result of this projekt and theises is a complete demonstration site for a fictitious law firm where all modules except the webshop and statistics, are used and presented. / För att rekrytera kunder till WM3 har säljarna på HL Design länge önskar sig en demonstrationswebbplats. Därför har detta examensarbetet gått ut på att skapa en sådan webbplats i WM3. WM3 är ett CMS skapat av HL design och innehåller elva olika moduler och funktioner som liveredigering, artiklar och kalendrar. Webbplatsen ska därför innehålla modulerna som WM3 erbjuder förutom två; webbshop och statistik-modulen. Den ska även vara användarvänlig, responsiv, tillgänglig och det ska vara enkelt att navigera i den. Intresset för WM3 har växt och växt under projektets gång. Anledningen har varit lättheten och användarvänligheten som WM3 har, både för utvecklare och potentiella kunder. Som ansvarig och utvecklare i detta examensarbete har arbetsuppgifterna bestått av att utveckla webbplatsen enligt en plan samt att skapa denna plan; för hur demonstrationswebbplatsen ska se ut designmässigt, hur modulerna ska presenteras och hur strukturen för webbplatsen ska se ut, samt utveckla webbplatsen efter planen. Resultatet av arbetet är en färdig demonstrations-webbplats för en fiktiv advokatbyrå där alla moduler, förutom Webbshop och Statistik, används

Des effondrements récents des tunnels au cours de creusement lors de séismes ont mis en évidence la vulnérabilité de ce type d'ouvrage, en particulier ceux implantés dans les sols meubles (Tunnel de Bolu, Turquie, 1999). L’étude de la réponse sismique d’un tunnel au cours de la construction est complexe, car elle exige de prendre en compte la non linéarité du sol, l’interaction sol-structure, mais aussi l’évolution de la géométrie et l’aspect tridimensionnel lié à la présence du front de taille. Ce travail a pour but d’évaluer l’influence de creusement sur la réponse sismique globale d’un tunnel en prenant compte la présence du front de taille. L’étude est effectuée à l’aide d’une modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle par différences finis de l’interaction tunnel-séisme-front de taille. Le modèle proposé intègre une procédure du creusement du tunnel développée par Mroueh (1998). En effet, le mode de creusement perturbe sensiblement l’état des contraintes géostatiques, ce qui peut affecter la réponse de l’ouvrage sous sollicitation sismique. Le modèle tridimensionnel permet également d’étudier la réponse sismique de l’ouvrage pour des sollicitations sismique transversales (à l’axe du tunnel) et longitudinales. Dans un second temps, on étudie l’influence du renforcement du front de taille par boulonnage sur la le comportement global de l’ouvrages. Une étude paramétrique portant sur plusieurs paramètres concernant le boulonnage, la profondeur du tunnel et l’état de confinement mécanique du front ont été examinés. / Recent collapses of tunnels under construction during earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of this type of structures, especially those located in soft soils (Tunnel Bolu, Turkey, 1999). The study of the seismic response of a tunnel under construction is complex because it requires taking into account the nonlinearity of soil, soil-structure interaction, as well as the evolution of the geometry and three-dimensional aspect due to the presence of the tunnel face.The present work aims to evaluate the influence of excavation on the overall seismic response of a tunnel taking in consideration the presence of the tunnel face. The study is conducted using a three-dimensional numerical modeling by finite differences of the earthquake-tunnel under construction interaction. The proposed model includes an excavation procedure developed by Mroueh (1998), since the method of excavation disturbs significantly the state of geostatistical constraints, and this can affect the response of the structure under seismic loading. The present three-dimensional model allows as well to study the seismic response of the structure subjected to seismic solicitations transverses (to the tunnel axis) and longitudinals. In a second step, we study the influence of the tunnel face reinforcement by bolting on the overall behavior of the structures. A parametric study concerning bolting, the depth of the tunnel and the state of mechanical confinement of the tunnel face were performed.

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Adaptive optics or numerical restoration algorithms that restore high resolution imaging through atmospheric turbulence are subject to isoplanatic wave-front errors. Mitigating those errors requires that the wave-front aberrations be estimated within the 3D volume of the atmosphere. Present techniques rely on multiple beacons, either natural stars or laser guide stars, to probe the atmospheric aberration along different lines of sight, followed by tomographic projection of the measurements onto layers at defined ranges. In this paper we show that a three-dimensional estimate of the wave-front aberration can be recovered from measurements by a single guide star in the case where the aberration is stratified, provided that the telescope tracks across the sky with non-uniform angular velocity. This is generally the case for observations of artificial earth-orbiting satellites, and the new method is likely to find application in ground based telescopes used for space situational awareness.

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / Swimming, as a sport, is constantly developing, both through the resources employed in training and assessment, and through the technological development of the fundamental aspects of swimming. In the freestyle events, swimmers spend between 38% and 50% of their competition time executing turns in short pool competitions over distances that vary from 50 m to 1500 m. The importance of the turn has been noted and analyzed for several decades, where it was found that the final turn velocity was second only to mid-pool swimming velocity for determining a medal finish in the men’s race. Due to the impact that the tumble turn has on swimming performance, the present study investigated the importance of the tuck index, foot-plant index and wall-contact time (WCT) on swimming performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the tuck index, foot-plant index, and WCT on the round trip time (RTT) in the tumble turn performance in level 3 swimmers in the freestyle swimming stroke. A quantitative cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in this study. A convenient sample of ten (10) swimmers were tested, five male and five female, all being level 3 swimmers affiliated to the high performance team of Swimming South Africa (SSA). Video analyses of the turns were recorded. Each subject performed thirty (30) trials, each consisting of a 50 m freestyle swim with flip turns at race pace. Descriptive statistics and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to analyse the data. A p-value of below 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The mean tuck index was 0.57 ± 0.14°. The mean foot-plant index was 0.45 ± 0.10 cm. The mean WCT was 74.31 ± 11.57 %. The mean RTT was 2.47 ± 0.40 s. A significant negative correlation was found between tuck index and RTT (r = -0.41; p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between foot-plant and WCT. Further regression analysis showed that the tuck index was a significant predictor of RTT (F = 21.745, p < 0.001). Following the freestyle tumble turn, the flutter kick technique remained the superior method of exiting the wall, based on the 5 m RTT. Therefore, the introduction of optimal turning practice for age-group swimmers is likely to result in significant reductions in turning times and should be noted by coaches and swimmers alike.

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