The objective of this work is to develop a Bayesian Network (BN) model to produce environmental risk maps for oil and gas site developments and to demonstrate the model’s scalability from a point to a collection of points. To reach this objective, a benchmark BN model was formulated as a “proof of concept” using Aquifers, Ecoregions and Land Use / Land Cover maps as local and independent input variables. This model was then used to evaluate the probabilistic geographical distribution of the Environmental Sensibility of Oil and Gas (O&G) developments for a given study area. A Risk index associated with the development of O&G operation activities based on the spatial environmental sensibility was also mapped. To facilitate the Risk assessment, these input variables (maps) were discretized into three hazard levels: high, moderate and low. A Geographical Information System (GIS) platform was used (ESRI ArcMap 10), to gather, modify and display the data for the analysis. Once the variables were defined and the hazard data was included on feature classes (layer shapefile format), Python 2.6 software was used as the computational platform to calculate the probabilistic state of all the Bayesian Network’s variables. This allowed to define Risk scenarios both on prognostic and diagnostic analysis and to measure the impact of changes or interventions in terms of uncertainty. The resulting Python – ESRI ArcMap computational script was called “BN+GIS, which populated maps describing the spatial variability of the states of the Environmental Sensibility and of the corresponding Risk index. The latter in particular, represents a tool for decision makers to choose the most suitable location for placing a drilling rig, since it integrates three fundamental environmental variables. Also, results show that is possible to back propagate the information from the Environmental Sensibility to define the inherent triggering scenarios (hazard variables). A case of study is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology on a specific geographical setting. The Barnett Shale was chosen as a benchmark study area because sufficient information on this region was available, and the importance that it holds on the latest developments of unconventional plays in the country. The main contribution of this work relies in combining Bayesian Networks and GIS to define environmental Risk scenarios that can facilitate decision-making for O&G stakeholders such as land owners, industry operators, regulators and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), before and during the development of a given site.

In public safety, geography plays a significant role. One of the most important front-line elements of public safety is an efficient emergency transport and care system. The capacity to access and process information rapidly and organize resources where needed can be critically important in an emergency situation. Information about the locality of an event or a disaster is often vital in knowing how to respond. A significant operation in handling emergency situations is the routing of ambulances to incident sites and then to the closest appropriate hospitals. One of the important steps to survival in an emergency is quick response time. The aim of this thesis study is to build an immediate, rapid and efficient emergency medical transport system prototype, called Ambulance Routing Service Application Prototype (ARSAP), to be used in Middle East Technical University (METU) Emergency Service, Ankara, Turkey. In the study, geographical information systems (GIS) technology is used in assisting the development and implementation of an emergency medical service (EMS) response system. In this prototype, while choosing a proper facility, the available quantity of beds, respiratory equipments and doctors in a hospital&#039 / s intensive care room and the best traffic routes to the hospital in hand are also considered. The ARSAP is expected to shorten the commuting time and hence to reduce the damage to the patient to the lowest level and allow the ambulance staff to perform their task better. The results generated using the ARSAP are validated and analyzed by comparing with currently practiced emergency call paths data collected with the help of METU Emergency Service ambulance drivers.

This thesis is structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Licentiatavhandling Stockholm : Tekn. högsk., 2005.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2007. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Ultuna : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Orientador: Juércio Tavares de Mattos / Banca: Jairo Roberto Jimenez Rueda / Banca: Tomoyuki Ohara / Resumo: Esse trabalho corresponde a um zoneamento ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Capivari-SP com base em critérios dedutivos que levam em consideração aspectos ambientais relativos à área de estudo. Os aspectos ambientais considerados para a realização do zoneamento foram o elemento climático precipitação, a geologia, a geomorfologia, a pedologia, o uso e ocupação do solo e a cobertura vegetal. Com base nas informações ambientais disponíveis foi possível a elaboração de mapas de integração ambiental. Foram realizados três mapas de integração, o mapa de compartimentos ambientais, o mapa de vulnerabilidade aos processos erosivos e o mapa de potencial de retenção hídrica. O primeiro mapa corresponde a um mapa síntese dos aspectos ambientais da área de estudo e os outros correspondem a mapas elaborados partir de critérios dedutivos aplicados à base de informações e que consideram aspectos teóricos produzidos sobre os temas. O mapa final de zoneamento ambiental foi realizado considerando a aplicação de critérios sobre os mapas de integração e sobre o mapa de uso e ocupação dos solos e cobertura vegetal. Fez-se uso de técnicas de sistemas de informações geográficas para a integração e elaboração das informações referentes as etapas para a realização do zoneamento ambiental. / Abstract: This work corresponds of an environment zoning of Capivari vale in the State of São Paulo. This zoning have with base deductive criterions that admit environment aspects of study area. The environment aspects use for realization of zoning was the element climatic precipitation, the geology, the geomorphology, the pedology, the use and occupation of soils and the vegetable cover. With base in available environment information was possible the construction of environment integration maps. Was constructed three integration maps: the map of environment compartments, the map of risk of erosion processes and the map of potential of water retention. The first map correspond of one synthesis map of environment aspects of study area and the others, correspond maps constructed with base in deductive criterions and with theoretical aspects about the theme. The final map of environment zoning was realized with the application of criterions over the integration maps and over the map of use and occupation of soils and vegetable cover. In this work was used techniques of geographical information systems for integration and construct of information referring to the stages for realization of the environment zoning. / Mestre

The purpose of this study is to show how violent crime and social problems have an impact on society. This study particularly concentrates on the five boroughs of New York. The problems associated with the five boroughs of New York are violent crime and social problems. The violent crime for the study involves; felony assaults and robberies. Whereas, the social problems for the study involves; population below the poverty line and male population who are 18-24 years with less than high school graduation. These problems were expressed through the usage of ArcGIS Pro. Using ArcGIS Pro provided an efficient way that displays spatial data. The results from this study show that felony assaults and robberies occurred in the Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Queens. Whereas, it was also discovered that the Bronx, Manhattan and Brooklyn experienced social problems related to poverty and education. The spatial coincidence between violent crime and social problems were expressed using overlay analysis. The findings show that the violent crimes and social problems spatially coincide within the Bronx, Manhattan and Brooklyn. This study provides a way in which society can be better managed in dealing with these problems.

Nesta dissertação é apresentado o mapeamento geotécnico obtido para a região adjacente à obra de duplicação da rodovia BR101, entre os municípios de Osório a Torres, RS. A região apresenta uma grande variedade de materiais e complexidade de deposição, com interdigitação entre materiais de encosta e materiais de deposição flúvio-marinha. O trabalho utilizou a metodologia de mapeamento proposta por Davison Dias (1995), com cruzamento e análise das informações contidas nos mapas geológicos e pedológicos. Foi feita uma generalização taxonômica para agrupar classes de materiais com características geotécnicas semelhantes. Utilizando uma plataforma de SIG, foram introduzidas informações de topografia, geologia e pedologia para gerar 2 mapas de unidades geotécnicas: o Mapa Geotécnico Generalizado com 23 unidades e um Mapa Geotécnico Detalhado com 52 unidades geotécnicas. Foi confeccionado um Modelo Numérico do Terreno utilizado para a verificação das unidades mapeadas nas áreas de encosta e criado um banco de dados com informações de mapas de Geologia e Pedologia, sondagens do tipo SPT, dados de granulometria das jazidas utilizadas na obra e material fotográfico. A metodologia e os dados utilizados resultaram em um mapeamento de muito boa qualidade na identificação das classes de solos. / This dissertation presents the mapping obtained from the adjacent region of the BR101 highway duplication, between the towns of Osório and Torres, Rio Grande do Sul. The region presents great variety of materials and deposition complexity, with inter-stratification between slope materials and estuarine deposited materials. The work was carried out using the mapping methodology proposed by Davison Dias (1995), which analise and combine the informations contained in geological and pedological maps. Some classes of soils of similar geotechnical characteristics were grouped together by a taxonomic generalization. Collected information on topography, geology and pedology were introduced in a Geographical Information System (GIS), to produce 2 maps: a Simplified Geotechnical Map with 23 unities and a Detailed Geotechnical Map with 52 geotechnical unities. A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was constructed and used for the checking the mapping unities in the slope areas. A digital database was also assembled with results of SPT soundings, grain-size distribution of the deposits used in the construction and photographic material. The methodology and the quality of information used resulted in maps with very good quality for the identification of the soil classes presented in the area.