Insect grooming has various functions, including defense against parasites and pathogens, cleaning of dust particles, and maintenance of sensory receptors. The hierarchy of grooming behavior suggests that cleaning one body part is more crucial than the other, the priority order more specifically being eyes, antennae, abdomen, then wings, followed by the thorax. Histamine is an extensively studied neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system of many animals. In Drosophila, histamine is found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and is necessary for visual and mechanosensory behaviors. Histamine-gated chloride channel 1 (HisCl1) and Ora transientless (Ort) are two characterized histamine receptors, both of which are vital for visual signaling in the fly. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This social work research study explore sexual exploitation in the form of child pornography. The grooming process, a process where the perpetrator engages his victim in a relationship, whereafter he uses this relationship to abuse his victim is investigated. The research is conducted by means of a case study. / Thesis (M.A. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is commonly overseeded into hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] turfs during autumn in the southern United States. Overseeding can provide a green, actively-growing turf throughout the winter dormancy period. Improved persistence of perennial ryegrass cultivars has increased management inputs during the spring transition period. Lower input turf systems that provide acceptable winter overseeding quality are preferred, and research aimed at evaluating alternative overseeding species are warranted. Grooming reel attachments allowing for threedimensional clipping management (3DCM) have become increasingly used by turf managers for reducing grain and thatch, but scientific information on best management practices and canopy effects of 3DCM-grooming are lacking. A field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Turfgrass Field Laboratory in College Station, TX (30.6191 degrees N, 96.3576 degrees W), to investigate the effects of overseeding using annual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and perennial ryegrasses on 3DCM-groomed and non-groomed fairway turfs of 'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass, zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. 'Cavalier'], and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw. 'Sea Isle 1'). The study was arranged as a randomized complete block split-split-plot with three replications. Species whole main plots were split into three grooming intervals, which were further split into four overseeding treatments. Data were collected assessing visual turf quality, visual turf cover, leaf area index, clipping yield, shoot density, and biomass partitioning. Results indicate annual ryegrass alone and an annual/perennial ryegrass overseeding mix provided acceptable turf quality, but did not improve turf recovery over perennial ryegrass alone in 'Tifway' or 'Sea Isle 1' turfs. In 'Cavalier' turfs, summer quality was affected by overseeding treatment as follows: control > annual > annual/perennial > perennial. The overseeding tolerance of the warm-season turfgrasses was as follows: 'Sea Isle 1' > 'Tifway' > 'Cavalier'. Differences in canopy architecture of warm-season turfgrasses were related to the overseeding tolerance of each species and used to explain plant competition during the spring transition period. Grooming by 3DCM improved late-season turf quality and reduced scalping in 'Tifway'. Overseeding establishment and canopy architecture were not affected by 3DCM.

I have investigated the social grooming in kinship, rank, age and seasonal change among adult female Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) that inhabit Mt. Longevity, Kaohsiung. The major study groups were C and Cd groups. Field observations were conducted from August 2000 to February 2003 covering three mating seasons and two non-mating seasons. The observations covered a total of 188 work days including 1248.8 hours. I actually had recorded C group for 660.6 hours, and Cd group for 244.5 hours. During my study, C group consisted of 8-13 adult males and 14-15 adult females, while group Cd had 1-3 adult males and 2-4 adult females. In order to analyze grooming data, I divided 15 adult females into sub-groups such as dominant/ submissive groups, old (>13) /young age (5-12), relative higher/lower ranking and related/unrelated. I have also divided adult males into troop-males and periphery males. Adult female allo-grooming activities accounted for 37.62% ¡Ó 13.59 (n = 15) of the behaviors in the daytime. I also found that adult females grooming infants and juveniles were greater than received from them (p < 0.001). The social grooming among adult females occurred mainly during non-mating seasons and its frequency was 2.12 times of mating seasons. Regardless of mating or non-mating seasons, the frequency of grooming among related females was significantly higher than among unrelated females (both p < 0.001). In addition, kinship affected the grooming frequency among female macaques with relative lower or higher ranking females during mating seasons (p < 0.05), while the dominant rank did not have the effect. However, the highest grooming frequency occurred in the high-ranking females who groomed relative lower ranking females within relatives (0.38 ¡Ó 0.40 bouts / 100 scans, n = 7). During non-mating seasons, kinship affected the grooming frequency among female macaques with relative lower ranking females (p < 0.05); the highest grooming frequency occurred in the old females who groomed relative lower ranking females within relatives (1.57 ¡Ó 1.74 bouts / 100 scans, n = 8). Moreover, seasons (mating or non-mating) and kinship relationship had significant effects on grooming frequencies among female macaques (both giving and receiving p < 0.01), as well as on the grooming frequency of females groomed with relative lower ranking females (p < 0.01). The highest grooming frequency occurred on females groomed with relative lower ranking females within relatives during non-mating seasons (1.25 ¡Ó 1.48 bouts / 100 scans, n = 11). Without kinship relationship, low-ranking females groomed relative higher ranking females more frequent than high-ranking females did (p < 0.05). Within adult females, 65% of social grooming was among relatives. However, 40% of adult females groomed equally with related and unrelated females, while 20% disproportionately groomed more with unrelated females than with related females. The grooming was kin-biased for 40%. About 8.68% of social grooming among unrelated females was being reciprocated. On the other hand, the ratio of related grooming female partners to the total number of available related females was higher than that with unrelated females (p < 0.05). It also indicated that the ratio of each female received grooming from high-ranking grooming partners was higher than that from low-ranking females (p < 0.01).On the other hand, the ratio of the number of old or young grooming partners of adult females had similar values. The grooming frequency of adult females gave or received from adult males during mating seasons was higher than non-mating seasons (both p < 0.05) while high-rank females groomed adult males more than low-rank females did. The socionomic sex ratios of these two social groups were similar during mating seasons (AM:AF = 1:1.8). Both troop and periphery males had significantly higher frequency of social grooming with adult females in mating seasons than in non-mating seasons. The types of males and social groups had significant effects on the allogrooming frequency among adult males in mating seasons (p < 0.05) but not in non-mating seasons (p > 0.1). Moreover, troop males had higher grooming partners than periphery males. Major grooming partners of troop males were adult females regardless of the seasons. Subordinate males were mostly the receivers in the grooming dyads with dominant males in the mating seasons, but the relationships changed during non-mating seasons. Agonistic interactions occurred mainly during mating seasons and its frequency among periphery males was 1.8 times of troop males (p < 0.05). The preference grooming sites between allo-grooming and auto-grooming of C and Cd groups had varied significantly (p < 0.001). The back region was the preferred grooming site in allo-grooming of C and Cd group and the ano-genital region was the least groomed site. In auto-grooming, monkeys paid much attention to the legs ignoring the back and face. The result indicated that when the adult individuals groomed the head, back and face which showed significant difference in the frequency among AM and AF (p < 0.05). The related female adults groomed head more frequently than unrelated female adults (p < 0.05), but dominance rank and age-class did not apparently affect the corresponding values for the frequency of grooming sites among adult females (both p > 0.1). The results indicated that social grooming among adult females took place more often during non-mating seasons, and more often in kin-related females than unrelated females. Moreover, the dominant females were likely to groom related females. Therefore social grooming among kin-related females may reinforce relationships while reciprocal grooming of unrelated females may serve to form alliance or ranking promotion in the social group. On the other hand, social grooming between adult male and female macaques more frequent in mating seasons than in non-mating seasons. This showed that adult male Formosan macaques employed complex strategies to achieve reproductive success. Nonetheless, the periphery males had more male grooming partners than troop males did which seemingly to enhance male coalitions.

This social work research study explore sexual exploitation in the form of child pornography. The grooming process, a process where the perpetrator engages his victim in a relationship, whereafter he uses this relationship to abuse his victim is investigated. The research is conducted by means of a case study. / This social work research study explores sexual exploitation in the form of child pornography. The grooming process a process where the perpetrator engages, his victim in a relationship, where after he uses this relationship to abuse his victim is investigated. The research is conducted by means of a case study. / Thesis (M.A. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

This social work research study explore sexual exploitation in the form of child pornography. The grooming process, a process where the perpetrator engages his victim in a relationship, whereafter he uses this relationship to abuse his victim is investigated. The research is conducted by means of a case study. / This social work research study explores sexual exploitation in the form of child pornography. The grooming process a process where the perpetrator engages, his victim in a relationship, where after he uses this relationship to abuse his victim is investigated. The research is conducted by means of a case study. / Thesis (M.A. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

In this thesis, I analyse the representation of grooming in Australian men’s lifestyle magazines to explore the emergence of new masculine subjectivities constructed around narcissism and the adoption of previously feminine-coded products and practices which may indicate important shifts in the cultural meanings of Australian masculinity. However, in order to talk about ‘new’ subjectivities and ‘shifts’ in masculine behaviours and cultural ideals, then it is imperative to demonstrate ‘old’ practices and ideologies, and so while the thesis is concerned with discourses of grooming and models of masculinity presented in the new genre of men’s lifestyle titles which appeared on the Australian market in the late 1990s, it frames this discussion with detailed analyses of previously unexplored Australian men’s general interest magazines from the 1930s. According to Frank Mort consumption, traditionally associated with the feminine has now become a central part of imagining men (1996: 17-18) while the representation and sale of masculinity is an increasingly important part of the ‘cultural economy’ (Mikosza, 2003). In this thesis I am concerned with the role of men’s lifestyle magazines and magazine representations of masculinity in the ‘cultural economy’ of mediated male grooming cultures.

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22635号 / 理博第4624号 / 新制||理||1664(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 足立 幾磨, 准教授 後藤 幸織, 教授 濱田 穣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The relationship between self-objectification, grooming behaviors, and body image disturbance was examined among 389 female students at the University of Central Florida. Self-objectification positively predicted body image disturbance, as well as the average amount of time and money that women reported investing into grooming behaviors (i.e. hair-styling, hair-removal, makeup application, nail adornment and other grooming behaviors). Body mass index (BMI) was also found to positively predict body image disturbance and time spent on grooming, however, no relationship was found between self-objectification and BMI. Furthermore, lower socioeconomic status (SES) was found to be associated with body-dissatisfaction and more frequent negative body image emotions in comparison to participants with higher SES. A significant negative correlation was also found between time spent on grooming and grade point average (GPA).

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