Thesis (M.Sc.)(Town Planning)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The ANC government came to power in 1994 and has had to come to grips with many economic, social and political challenges it inherited from the apartheid regime. A majority of the people were marginalized and subjected to poor standards of living in areas that were inadequately provided for in terms of basic services. One of the biggest challenges the new government is facing is the delivery of services especially housing. Poor policy implementation continues to complicate the existing problems. The study critically examined the extent to which poor policy implementation has affected the provision of housing in Khayelitsha with focus on the respective stakeholders. / South Africa

The aim of this Diploma thesis is a survey and analysis of housing productin in broader context of transformation period after 1989. The basis of this paper are the expert opinions published in a domestic and a foreign literature. Fundamental method of my research is secundary data analysis published mainly by the ČSÚ and the Eurostat. Although the dominant theme of this paper is housing production, sufficient space is dedicated to the factors, that are influencing it, like historical development, regional, housing, social and economic policies, economic process, society structure, other economical faktors and many more. Extra focus is dedicated to the present problems of housing, particularly to the condition of concrete blocks of flats, on the first sight the most intensive legacy of the past.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the historical development of housing policy since the end of the 19th to the late 20th century in the Czech Republic and its influence on the development of the housing capacity. The theoretical part describes the historical development of housing and its importance in human life. The following part is dedicated to the development of housing policy, its instruments and objectives. Next parts are focused on specific historical periods starting from Austria-Hungary, when the state first intervened significantly in the housing sector, through the First World War, interwar period, World War II, socialism and the transition period. For the purposes of this analysis are used contemporary legislative sources, statistical data and resources dealing with the historical development of the Czech Republic.

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Housing shortage is an issue many young adults have to face when moving to Umeå as students, as well as the never ending queues to rent a below average apartment or dorm in the outskirts of the city. Anyone who moves to Umeå to study, should be able to find a safe and adequate place to live in proximity to the university and city center; not only because students in themselves are a diverse and valuable part of the population and the city’s growth, but because housing is a basic necessity that needs to be fulfilled. How can architecture improve students’ lives in Umeå? This project is located at Hamrinsberget, an underused hill that functions as a powerful tool for students to gain restitution as they rise above the city. The nature surrounding the apartment building provides a peaceful and calm environment for studying. As this young population is put in a vulnerable social position when moving to a new city, possibly all by their lonesome, a strong community has been prioritized during the design process. Shared spaces consisting of study areas on each floor have been implemented, as well as central social areas where parties and dinners can take place. This was intended to make the residents not only feel welcome and safe, but to learn and develop under ideal conditions. This is how the future way of living as a student is introduced.

Despite a growing body of studies on the relationship between housing and health, it is unclear whether and how (a) the housing cost burden deteriorates health and whose health it deteriorates, (b) housing assets interact with income in influencing one’s health, and (c) protective policy measures alleviate mortality risks predicted by housing cost burden. This thesis aims to reduce these knowledge gaps. First, in Chapter two, I synthesize prior literature that focused on the association between housing cost burden and health and discussed methodological issues. Also, the chapter proposes future research directions. Chapter three, co-authored with Dr. Michel Grignon, Dr. Marisa Young, and Dr. James R. Dunn, assesses the potential moderating effect of housing asset level on the link between income and mortality. Although housing assets and income are independently related to mortality risks, the value of housing assets did not significantly moderate the link between income and mortality. Income-related inequalities in mortality are observed among each group of housing asset level. Our findings offer insight into the importance of redistribution of resources that can reduce risks of premature mortality and achieve healthy aging. Chapter four documents that housing cost burden was significantly associated with preventable mortality, treatable mortality, and suicide during post-Global Financial crisis (2009-2017). Also, in countries with an increased level of social spending, higher levels of social housing stock, and rent control, the observed association was substantially attenuated. Taken together, the findings of the three chapters contribute to understandings about the link between housing and health by (a) synthesizing the prior literature and mechanisms, (b) estimating housing inequalities in health, and (c) highlighting the protective roles of social and housing policies that reduce health inequalities. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis aims to investigate housing inequalities in health and the roles of protective social and housing policies in reducing health inequalities. The second chapter, as a scoping review, synthesizes prior literature that estimates the association between housing cost burden and health, and explores potential mechanisms linking housing cost burden to health. Chapter three relies on one of the nationally representative linkage datasets in Canada in order to estimate the association between housing asset, income, and mortality in Canadian older adults. It reveals that the value of housing assets and income predicts mortality risks, but housing assets do not significantly change the link between income and mortality. The fourth chapter examines whether and how housing cost burden is associated with avoidable mortality in OECD countries. Also, the roles of preventive measures including social spending and housing policies are revisited. The thesis strengthens the rationale for identifying housing as one of the important social determinants of health.

Modular construction, a method where building components are prefabricated off-site and then transported as completed modules, is generally employed to save time and cost in the building industry. Despite its default as a repetitive component, it holds potential to address both individuality and community engagement within multi-story housing. This thesis investigates modular design as a possibilty to develop better quality affordable housing in densely populated urban areas. The modular components are positioned with respect to privacy, individuality , and an encouragement of community interaction. By using precast components and CLT modules in this arrangement, this thesis aims to create private spaces that cater to residents' individual preferences and requirements while simultaneously establishing communal areas that facilitate social interaction and a sense of community. / Master of Architecture / Modular construction, a method where building components are prefabricated off-site and then transported as completed modules, is generally employed to save time and cost in the building industry. Despite its default as a repetitive component, it holds potential to address both individuality and community engagement within multi-story housing. This thesis investigates modular design as a possibilty to develop better quality affordable housing in densely populated urban areas. The modular components are positioned with respect to privacy, individuality , and an encouragement of community interaction. By using precast components and CLT modules in this arrangement, this thesis aims to create private spaces that cater to residents' individual preferences and requirements while simultaneously establishing communal areas that facilitate social interaction and a sense of community.

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