The thesis is concerning household indebtedness through credit cards, funding of these credits and how the consumer is affected. The focus is mainly on the current situation in the United States, nevertheless some observations from the former Korean credit card crisis are pointed out. The thesis describes the development of the credit card debt and identifies reasons and consequences of the expansion. The role of the state as setting conditions of the market and solving possible market failure is also mentioned.

The present diploma thesis deals with the indebtedness of employees of a selected company and the ways to help these employees. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the present situation of the respective company in terms of foreclosure of its employees and, based on this, to propose possible solutions which might help to improve the financial situations of these employees. The sub-aim of the thesis is to define the reasons for indebtedness as well as to assess the level of financial literacy of selected employees. The thesis is divided into two parts: a theoretical and an analytical one. The thesis uses the following research methods: analysis, semi-structured interview, written questionnaire and secondary document analysis.

Evaluation of financial situation in the chosen company by means of selected methods of financial analysis. Comparison of the results of the financial analysis with values of the competitive company and with values of the entire construction sector based on analyzes carried out by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic. Summary financial analysis problems using theoretical knowledge and their subsequent application in the practical part in ARSTAV Ltd. between 2010 and 2013. Summary results of the financial analysis and evaluation of the financial situation of this company. An important role in evaluating of the financial situation plays a crisis that resulted in the construction sector in 2011 and continues to this day.

This thesis analyses connections and similarities of indebtedness between household sector and the general government sector in the Czech Republic. Following the definition of the influence of monetary and fiscal policy on indebtedness of both sectors this thesis analyses indebtedness of the household sector and the government sector in the Czech Republic and selected EU countries in the period 2000 -- 2012 in terms of its amount and structure.

This thesis describes financial behavior of the households in the Czech Republic in the years 2004 till 2012. Object of this work was to notice the economic style of available financial resources from several points of view. First part of work introduces theoretical determination of households and their disposable income with characteristics of the final consumption expenditures and savings. Following part of thesis deals with the published results of researches with topics of households' financial behavior, with factors of influences of these habits and with structure of their financial portfolio. Last chapter presents results of final changes in their behavior by three different indicators (marginal propensity to consume and to save, households' rate of indebtedness and the development of personal bankrupts) during the reported period of time.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the level of household debt in the Czech Republic in the period from 2000 to 2011, causes of indebtedness and analysis of use of personal bankruptcy. The theoretical part is focused on economic, social and legal aspect of the issue of household debt. The practical part consists of analysis of statistical data describing the development of the level of household debt in the years 2000 - 2011 with the help of monitoring absolute and relative measuring indicators. Further analysis is carried out using of personal bankruptcy in the Czech Republic in the period from 2008 to 2012. On the basic of these analyses, this work suggests the ways to improve the situation of over-indebted households. Special emphasis is placed on the relatively new of vulnerable households - pensioners and it is also defined the causes of this phenomenon.

Esta pesquisa analisou a relação entre as recentes transformações do mercado do ensino superior brasileiro, que o posiciona entre os cinco maiores do mundo, e as políticas de financiamento estudantil. O crescimento desse mercado é normalmente explicado pelas mudanças nas legislações e regulamentações da oferta do ensino superior que iniciaram desde o período da ditadura militar no Brasil e pela forte demanda da sociedade brasileira, que está entre as menos escolarizadas entre os países da OCDE. A estabilidade regulatória desse mercado e essa demanda potencial tornaram o ensino superior um setor econômico tão ou mais atrativo do que outros da economia brasileira. No entanto, só isso não explica a entrada de grupos educacionais estrangeiros no Brasil, a atração de investimentos de fundos e bancos nacionais e estrangeiros, a rápida formação de grandes grupos educacionais, a abertura de capital e grande valorização das ações desses grupos em patamares acima da média de outras empresas listadas na Bolsa. Inclusive, algumas pesquisas nacionais indicam que o rápido crescimento desse mercado dependeu de políticas que direcionaram recursos públicos para financiar tanto a ampliação e reestruturação financeira das IES (via BNDES) como as mensalidades dos estudantes via incentivo fiscal (do ProUni) ou repasse direto de recursos do financiamento estudantil (Fies), garantindo parte significativa da receita das IES privadas. Considerando que essas políticas públicas não têm uma relação efêmera com as mudanças no mercado do ensino superior, defendo a tese de que o Estado neoliberal é o campo de uma simbiose entre as políticas liberais-parternalistas - que destinam fundos públicos à reconfiguração de mercados (entrepreneurfare) - e as disciplinadoras que vinculam a garantia de direitos sociais ao endividamento (debtfare). A construção do objeto da pesquisa, guiada por esta tese, foi realizada a partir de um levantamento de diversos trabalhos (teses, dissertações, artigos etc.) e informações (documentais, questionários e entrevistas) sobre o mercado do ensino superior no Brasil, as políticas de financiamento estudantil e a situação dos estudantes endividados, bem como pela construção do referencial teórico como um mosaico de categorias (workfare, prisonfare, debtfare, entrepreneurfare) de crítica ao neoliberalismo que, postas em relação, ampliam a explicação sobre o fenômeno e a forma-Estado em construção no Brasil. A partir disso, foi possível identificar que o Fies como uma das principais políticas de financiamento para que os estudantes acessem o ensino superior privado, atendendo a praticamente um terço das matrículas, mas lhes impondo como contrapartida uma dívida com os bancos públicos (Estado), ainda que o programa seja definido como uma política social de democratização do acesso por tratar-se de um financiamento com taxas de juros subsidiadas. O conceito de debtfare de Soederberg (2014) possibilitou analisar que o Fies é uma política de acesso cuja ferramenta é a oferta de crédito aos estudantes e a consequência é a normalização do endividamento como meio de garantir direitos Por outro lado, o crescimento e a reconfiguração (financeirização e oligopolização) do mercado do ensino superior brasileiro estão imbricados às políticas de financiamento (Fies e ProUni), ou seja, em última instância dependeram dos recursos públicos e do endividamento estudantil. Essa relação não se deu por acaso, porque, segundo o conceito de entrepreneurfare, ela seria o resultado da produção de um Estado neoliberal cujas políticas sociais ou de ampliação do acesso à educação, moradia, etc. servem primordialmente para direcionar os fundos públicos na criação/reconfiguração de mercados, aparentando uma relação de simbiose entre as necessidades sociais e da acumulação do capital, mas que na essência é de exploração do capital sobre as demandas sociais. / This research analyzed the relationship between the recent changes in the Brazilian higher education market, which is among the five largest in the world, and the policies of student financing. The growth of this market is usually explained by the changes in the legislation and regulations of the offer of higher education that began since the period of the military dictatorship in Brazil and by the strong demand of the Brazilian society, which is among the less schooled compared to the OECD countries. The regulatory stability of this market and this potential demand have made higher education an economic sector as attractive as or more attractive to others than the Brazilian economy. However, this context alone does not explain the entrance of foreign educational groups in Brazil, the attraction of investments of national and foreign funds and banks, the rapid formation of large educational groups, the opening of capital and great appreciation of the shares of these groups in levels above of the average of other listed companies on the stock exchange. Some national scientific research also show that the rapid growth of this market depends on the policies that directed public resources to finance both the expansion and financial restructuring of HEIs (via BNDES) and students' tuition through fiscal incentives (ProUni) or direct transfer of resources of student financing (Fies), guaranteeing a significant part of the income of private HEIs. Considering that these public policies do not have an ephemeral relation with the changes in the market of higher education, I defend the thesis that the neoliberal State is the field of a symbiosis between the liberal-parentalist policies - that allocate public funds to the reconfiguration of markets (entrepreneurfare) - and the disciplinary policies that link the guarantee of social rights to the debt (debtfare) The construction of the research object, guided by this thesis, was carried out from a survey of several works (theses, dissertations, articles, etc.) and information (documents, questionnaires and interviews) on the Brazilian higher education market, student financing policies and the situation of indebted students, as well as the construction of the theoretical framework as a mosaic of categories (workfare, prisonfare, debtfare, entrepreneurfare) of criticism of neoliberalism that, in relation to each other, extend the explanation of the phenomenon and the form-State under construction in Brazil. From this, it was possible to identify that the Fies as one of the main financing policies for students to access private higher education, attending to almost one third of the enrollments, but imposing on them the debt with the public banks (State) as a counterpart, even though the program is defined as a social policy of democratization of access because it is a financing with subsidized interest rates. The appropriation of the concept of debtfare by Soederberg (2014) made it possible to analyze that Fies is an access policy whose tool is the offer of credit to students and the consequence is the normalization of indebtedness as a means of guaranteeing rights On the other hand, the growth and reconfiguration (financialization and oligopolization) of the Brazilian higher education market are intertwined with financing policies (Fies and ProUni), that is, ultimately depended on public resources and student indebtedness. This relationship did not happen by chance because, according to the concept of entrepreneurfare, it would be the result of the production of a neoliberal state whose social policies or of expanding access to education, housing, etc. serve primarily with public funds in the creation / reconfiguration of markets, a symbiosis between social needs and the accumulation of capital, but in essence the exploitation of capital over social demands.

Western countries are facing an increasing poverty among seniors related to the demographic revolution and lengthening of life span. The so-called over-indebtedness is one of the "modern" causes and also consequences of poverty. This thesis discusses the relationship between over-indebtedness and poverty with emphasis on senior population (65+). An empiric analysis is employed to explore causes and consequences of over-indebtedness. The increasing over-indebtedness is already being targeted by public policies, however their effectiveness is low. Sufficient material and personal resources are lacking as well as not being optimally utilized. There is only limited cooperation between civil and public-law sectors. Communication with the private sector in a way of common goal setting is also deficient. In a fierce market-driven economy, elderly people become a weak link and find themselves in situations conflicting with morals, human and civil rights, and adequate quality of life in a modern society. This state of affairs threatens social integrity and demands a solution. Three participating groups were surveyed: the elderly, the employees of advisory centers and the non- bank financial institutions. Various approaches to solving the problem are discussed. The result of the analysis consists of a wide...

This master thesis deals with analysis of indebtedness and economy of city Havlíčkův Brod in 2010 – 2016. In the theritorial part is defined the territorial self-goverment in the Czech republic, management, indebtedness, revenues and expenditures of city. The analytical part contains the basic information about Havlíčkův Brod. It also deals analysis of the economy and the indebtedness of the city in the years. The final part of the thesis contains suggestions for improvement of the city’s economy.

The thesis analyses the economy of the Vysočina Region in the years 2010 - 2016. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the public administration, region, the property of region, budget of the region and indebtedness of region. The practical part of the thesis contains basic information about the Vysočina Region and the analysis of the region's economy and indebtedness. The third part contains own proposals.