Thesis (M.S.)-West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 155 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-144).

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T11:32:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TELMA LÚCIA BEZERRA ALVES - TESE (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 11238465 bytes, checksum: 7f1bc917d37a959d86daf700437c86cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T11:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TELMA LÚCIA BEZERRA ALVES - TESE (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 11238465 bytes, checksum: 7f1bc917d37a959d86daf700437c86cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CNPq / A desertificação é um problema ambiental que atinge várias regiões no mundo, sendo definida como a degradação das terras nas zonas áridas, semiáridas e subúmidas resultante de vários fatores, incluindo variações climáticas e atividades humanas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o nível de degradação das terras (desertificação) no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba, através da dinâmica temporal e espacial de aspectos climáticos, biofísicos e socioeconômicos. O alto curso da bacia hidrográfica engloba total ou parcialmente, a área de 18 municípios, distribuídos entre as microrregiões do Cariri Ocidental e Oriental do estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados dados climáticos do período de 1950 a 2013 para as variáveis: precipitação pluvial e índice de aridez (Ia), dados de sensores orbitais - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer (MODIS), período de 2000 a 2013, visando à obtenção do albedo da superfície e do índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (IVAS) e dados censitários (demográficos e agropecuários) para quantificação do índice socioeconômico e do nível de degradação na região. O teste de Mann-Kendall (MK) foi utilizado para identificação da tendência temporal das variáveis, ao nível de significância de α = 0,05, o método de Sen para quantificação da tendência e a krigagem para análise da dinâmica espacial das variáveis. Os principais resultados evidenciam que há uma tendência crescente da precipitação pluvial e decréscimo da aridez no alto curso da bacia como um todo, durante o período estudado. Pode-se inferir que estas condições não contribuem para desencadear o processo de degradação das terras (desertificação), sugerindo que as causas desse problema ambiental não são climáticas. A precipitação média anual aumenta na direção nordeste-noroeste da bacia, com mínimo (320 mm) em Cabaceiras e máximo (680 mm) nas localidades de Ouro Velho e Prata; o albedo da superfície e o índice de vegetação têm seus valores influenciados pela sazonalidade climática da região. A precipitação pluvial é o elemento que condiciona o aumento do índice de vegetação e diminuição do albedo da superfície, considerando-se que estas duas variáveis têm comportamento inverso. A região central do alto curso da bacia hidrográfica (municípios de Congo, Camalaú e Caraúbas) apresentou baixo índice de vegetação e elevado albedo da superfície, caracterizando possivelmente um processo de degradação das terras. Ao longo do período analisado (2000-2013), estas variáveis apresentaram tendência decrescente, mas não significativa, evidenciando um aumento pouco significativo da degradação das terras. Em relação ao índice socioeconômico geral de cada município – Isem observa-se que sete apresentaram “Moderada” degradação, dez “Baixa” degradação e apenas o município de Boqueirão apresentou situação de “Acentuada” degradação das terras. Os valores médios do Isem por município revelam que está havendo degradação das terras em todo o alto curso da bacia, porém em níveis Moderados e Baixos, sendo a região noroeste a área com maior pressão antrópica. Há uma tendência de aumento do índice socioeconômico - Iseb no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica com valor médio que indica uma situação de degradação “Moderada” das terras. Esse aumento é resultante do crescimento econômico, de programas sociais implantados e das melhorias nas condições de vida da população ao longo dos anos. / Desertification is an environmental problem that affects several regions in the world, defined as the land degradation of arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of land degradation (desertification) in the upper course of the watershed of Paraíba River, through the temporal and spatial dynamics of climatic, biophysical and socio-economic aspects. The upper reaches of the watershed encompasses all or part of the area of 18 municipalities, distributed among the micro-regions of Western and Eastern Cariri state of Paraiba. Period of climatic data were used in 1950 the 2013 for the variables: rainfall and aridity index (Ia), orbital data from sensors - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer), from 2000 to 2013, to obtain the surface albedo and Vegetation Index adjusted to the ground (SA VI) and census data (population and agricultural) to quantify the socio economic index and the level of degradation in the region. The Mann-Kendall test (MK) was used to identify the time trend variable, the level of significance o f α = 0.05, the Sen method to quantify the trend and Kriging for analyzing spatial dynamics of the variables. The main results show that there is an increasing trend of rainfall and decrease dryness on the upper course of the watershed as a whole, during the period studied. You can infer that these conditions do not contribute to trigger land degradation process (desertification), suggesting that the causes of this environmental problem is not climate. The average annual precipitation increases in the north-northwest direction of the watershed, with minimum (320 mm) in Cabaceiras and maximum (680 mm) in Ouro Velho and Prata localities; the surface albedo and vegetation index have their values influenced by the seasonality of the region. Rainfall is the element that determines the increase in vegetation index and decrease in surface albedo, considering that these two variables have opposite behavior. The central region of the upper course of the watershed (municipalities of Congo, Camalaú and Caraúbas) showe d a low rate of vegetation and high albedo surface, possibly featuring a land degradation process. Throughout the period analyzed (2000-2013), these variables showed a downward trend, but not significant, showing a slight increase of land degradation. Rega rding the general socioeconomic index of each municipality – Isem it is observed that seven had "moderate" degradation ten "Low" degradation and only the municipality of Boqueirão presented situation of "Severe" land degradation. The municipality by Isem average values reveal what's going on land degradation across the upper course of the watershed, but in Moderate and Low levels, and northwest region of the area with increased human pressure. There is a tendency to increase the socioeconomic index - Iseb in the upper course of the watershed with an average value indicating the degradation of situation "moderate" land. This increase is the result of economic growth, implemented social programs and improvements in the living conditions of the population over the years.

The phytoplankton samples from 45 localities in Vysočina region were collected in 2009. Species composition and relative abundance of species were studied; ecological factors like pH, conductivity, temperature, water transparency and dissolved ions were measured. Ecological indices (Shannon and Simpson index of diversity) were calculated and compared with other ecological factors. Checklist of all species present in Vysočina region was made. There were found 262 species and 4 species new for the Czech Republic.

Title: Stochastical inference in the model of extreme events Author: Jan Dienstbier Department/Institute: Department of probability and mathematical statistics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Doc. RNDr. Jan Picek, CSc. Abstract: The thesis deals with extremal aspects of linear models. We provide a brief explanation of extreme value theory. The attention is then turned to linear models Yn×1 = Xn×pβp×1 + En×1 with the errors Ei ∼ F, i = 1, . . . , n fulfilling the do- main of attraction condition. We examine the properties of the regression quantiles of Koenker and Basset (1978) under this setting we develop theory dealing with extremal characteristics of linear models. Our methods are based on an approximation of the regression quantile process for α ∈ [0, 1] expanding older results of Gutenbrunner et al. (1993). Our result holds in [α∗ n, 1 − α∗ n] with a better rate of α∗ n → 0 than the other approximations described previously in the literature. Consecutively we provide an ap- proximation of the tails of regression quantile. The approximations of the tails enable to develop theory of the smooth functionals, which are used to establish a new class of estimates of extreme value index. We prove T(F−1 n (1 − knt/n)) is consistent and asymp- totically normal estimate of extreme for any T member of the class....

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-10T12:20:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LÁZARO RAMON DOS SANTOS ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2310709 bytes, checksum: 80378a5df11fa09ac7d1f0ac8d3f2b71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-10T12:20:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LÁZARO RAMON DOS SANTOS ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2310709 bytes, checksum: 80378a5df11fa09ac7d1f0ac8d3f2b71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Capes / A cidade de Campina Grande-PB vem sofrendo com a grande estiagem que assola a região Nordeste, diante disto a população vem desenvolvendo alternativas que para mitigar a crise hídrica. A utilização de águas residuárias na agricultura é uma prática que vem ganhando espaço nos últimos anos, no entanto estudos que comprovem sua qualidade devem ser efetuados, bem como a aplicação de técnicas de tratamento que contribuam para a preservação do meio ambiente e da qualidade de vida da população. A Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) utiliza a água de duas lagoas contendo águas residuárias para irrigação das áreas verdes do campus. Diante da falta de tratamento dessas águas, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade dessas águas superficiais do campus sede da UFCG, para fins de reuso na irrigação de áreas verdes. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2016, entre os meses de março a outubro, na qual foi avaliada a qualidade das águas por meio de uma sonda multiparâmetros, análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Os resultados foram comparados aos valores estabelecidos pela Resolução no 357 de 2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), bem como utilizados para calcular o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA). O IQA da lagoa 1 classificou-se entre ruim e péssimo e o IQA da lagoa 2 foi classificado como péssimo em todos os meses de estudo. Com relação ao grau de trofia da lagoa 1, o IET variou entre Mesotrófico e Eutrófico nos seis primeiros meses, passando a Supereutrófico nos dois últimos meses. A lagoa 2 apresentou melhor IET no mês de março, de modo que os demais meses variaram entre Supereutrófico e Hipereutrófico. Constatou-se que a água da lagoa 2 apresentou qualidade inferior em relação a lagoa 1, em detrimento do canal que liga as duas lagoas e que recebe efluentes de pontos adjacentes do campus. Outro fator relevante para esses resultados é a presença de aves que eliminam seus excrementos na água além da entrada de efluentes advindos do bloco CA e do quiosque na margem da lagoa 2. Constatou-se que a utilização dessas águas sem tratamento pode acarretar danos ao solo, às plantas e causar doenças aos funcionários que operam os sistemas de irrigação, assim como as pessoas que utilizam o campo de futebol, bem como as áreas verdes para descanso ou lazer. Sendo assim se faz necessário a implantação de um sistema de tratamento de efluente que possa reduzir a carga poluidora dessas águas. / The city of Campina Grande-PB has been suffering from a prolonged drought common to the Northeast, which has necessitated developing alternative strategies to mitigate the water crisis. The use of wastewater in agriculture is a practice that has been gaining ground in recent years, however studies that prove its quality must be carried out, as well as the application of treatment techniques that contribute to the preservation of the environment and quality of life of the population. The Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) at its principal campus uses water from two small lakes contaminated with wastewater to irrigate the green areas of the campus. In view of the lack of treatment of these waters, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of this surface water used on the campus. The research was carried out between March and October 2016, and water quality was determined by means of a multiparameter submersible probe, plus additional physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes. The results obtained were compared to the values established by Resolution No. 357 of 2005 of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), for surface water quality and were used to calculate the Trophic State Index (EIT) and Water Quality Index (IQA). The IQA of Lake 1 ranged from poor to very poor and the IQA for Lake 2 was classified as poor in all months of study. In relation to the trophic level of Lake 1, the EIT varied between mesotrophic and Eutrophic during the first six months, passing to super eutrophic in the last two months of the study. Lake 2 presented a better EIT in the month of March, but for the other months, it varied between super eutrophic and Hypereutrophic. The water of lagoon 2 presented inferior quality in relation to lagoon 1, and this was due to the channel connecting the two lakes receiving additional effluents from adjacent points of the campus. Another additional factor that maybe relevant to these results on water quality was the contamination of the water with excrement from a large bird population and the entrance of effluents from the CA block and a cafe located at the margin of lake 2. From the results of this study it was concluded that the use of these waters without treatment represent a threat to soil quality, may damage existing vegetation and are a risk to public health, principally to the employees operating the irrigation systems, as well as to people who use the soccer field, and the green areas for rest or leisure. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an effluent treatment system that reduces the polluting load of these waters.

The aim of this study was to examine the possibilities of remote sensing for monitoring and evaluation of agricultural drought, with a particular focus on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Reference areas were selected for the research, which were the South Moravian Region and the Olomouc Region, more specifically the districts Blansko, Brno-country, Břeclav, Hodonín, Vyškov and Znojmo in the South Moravian Region and the districts Olomouc, Prostějov and Přerov in the Olomouc Region. The monitored agricultural crops were spring barley and winter wheat. For these areas NDVI for the years 2000 - 2012 was prepared and analyzed. The usability of NDVI was evaluated to monitor drought in the conditions of the Czech Republic using z-index. Strong links have been established between NDVI and yield of spring barley and winter wheat. To quantify these relationships Pearson's correlation coefficient r was used, which reached the highest values of r = 0.94, and the coefficient of determination R2, highest value of which was R2 = 0.89. It has been proved, that the use of NDVI is a suitable tool for the prediction of crop yields. A weaker relationship was found between NDVI and z-index, where the highest value calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient reached r = 0.70 and by coefficient of determination R2 = 0.49. To achieve stronger relationship the possibility was proposed to use z-index in more detailed spatial and temporal resolution, or any other tool for the evaluation of drought.

The main aim of this thesis is describe and evaluate the price trend of beef in selected countries of European Union during the years 2003 - 2013. In the first part of this thesis you can find theoretical knowledge from the sphere of price or agrarian market. The practical part describes the development of price of beef in selected countries using various statistical indicators and mathematical-economic methods. The conclusion contains a description of the current situation of beef on the world market including its prediction on the basis of international institutions such as the OECD, FAO and FAPRI.

This thesis focuses on the use of statistical methods for HR forecasting. To estimate the future needs of the workers are used three methods - graphical analysis, trend analysis and regression analysis. At first the selected company is characterized. Then is analyzed internal and external environment and the necessary employee data are identified. Then the number of employees is through these statistical methods predicted. Finally, these methods are compared and evaluated in terms of their practical use in enterprises.

A major contributing factor to the maintaining high milk production along with good reproduction of dairy cows is to create an optimal environment of stables. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of changes in microclimate stables on milk production and fertility in the observed herd of dairy cows. Monitoring was conducted from February 2013 to December 2015. The data were obtained from reports of milk production, lactation records of dairy cows and program called AFI FARM. Temperature-humidity index was negatively correlated to milk yield (r = -0,172). There was also negatively correlation between temperature and milk yiel (r= -0.176). Correlation factor between the relative humidity and the milk yield was r = -0.073. There was found strong positively correlation between service period and insemination index, r = 0.886, weak positively correlation between service period and insemination interval r = 0.397 and moderate correlation between service period and embryonic mortality, r = 0.532. When the relative humidity in the stable increased from 32.00 % to 89.90 %, temperature was measured from - 0.6 ° C to 35.1 ° C. The values of temperaturehumidity index were ranged from 39.99 to 83.71. The hypothesis is confirmed one should conclude that the microclimate of stable affects milk production. On the other side, in relation to reproductive indicators, hypothesis was not confirmed.

The aim of presented work was a study of the effect of temperature on the development of mature oocytes of sterlet during prespawn period. At the turn of 2013 and 2014 was conducted our experiment with females of sterlet. Experimental fish were divided into two main groups. The first group was exposed to the heated water and a second group was kept in natural water temperature. Four biopsies were carried out during attempt. The samples were measured, and then was calculated oocyte polarization index (PI). For more accurate results processing fish were divided into two subgroups within both groups. 1st subgroups had at first biopsy PI 12.5 % and 2 subgroups PI> 12.5 %. In less mature females the effect of temperature was statistically significant (p < 0.05) while in more mature females the opposite was true (p > 0.05). From a total assessment follows that the temperature had no significant importance for the rate of oocytes maturation (p > 0.05). Experimental results indicate that the heating method can be used to accelerate the maturation especially in less mature fish and for synchronization spawning.