The role of access to finance for economic development has received extensive attention recently, which has brought the issue to the top of the policy agenda. The growing attention has resulted in several public policy initiatives to encourage access to financial services, especially in low-income countries where credit constraints are severe. The guarantee instrument has the potential of mobilizing finance, lowering borrowing costs and addressing market failures, why PASS with support from Sida has issued a guarantee that targets smallholder farmers in the agricultural sector in Tanzania. The linkages between access to finance, productivity and welfare are supported by abundant evidence in the previous literature, but few studies have examined the productivity and welfare effects of increased access to finance in the context of the guarantee instrument. This study aims to fill the research gap and evaluate the effects of the PASS guarantee by analysing the productivity and welfare effects of increased access to finance for paddy farmers in the Morogoro region in Tanzania. The study is based on 86 structured interviews and the data is analysed by frequency statistics and cross-sectional regressions estimated with OLS. The results show that farmers provided with a formal bank loan have higher productivity than non-borrowers and that those who use the business plan in their operations are more productive. This highlights the importance of running the business according to the suggestions in the business plan. Furthermore, financial access has a positive and significant effect on household welfare, meaning that households provided with a loan attain a higher welfare level. The results confirm that the guarantee has positive effects on both productivity and welfare, why it can be considered as an effective tool for poverty reduction. Given the results of the study, we suggest that effort to promote financial access should be encouraged by both local governments, international development agencies and NGOs. Furthermore, PASS is recommended to encourage the farmers to use the business plan and provide necessary opportunities to facilitate the use. As the most common reason for not using the business plan is the language barrier, we recommend PASS to offer translation services to increase the productivity of the farmers as well as the probability of repayment. In addition, the results indicate low financial literacy among the farmers, why emphasis to reinforce the understanding of the loan conditions should be prioritised. Finally, the results show that formal education has a significant effect on household welfare, but when considering productivity, formal education is not significant on any level. However, knowledge can be assumed to affect productivity positively, why strategies to increase both formal and informal education, such as business training, should be considered.

The lecture recital was given April 16, 1971. An Excellent Meane, six settings of Gloria Tibi Trinitas, Eterne rerum conditor, and Te Deum laudamus by William Blitheman, In Nomine by John Taverner, and Ecce tempus idonem by Thomas Tallis were performed, together with a choir of four men's voices, following a lecture on various aspects of organ music in early Tudor England. In addition to the lecture recital, three other public recitals, all solo programs, were performed. The first solo recital, including works of Dietrich Buxtehude, Johann Sebastian Bach, Paul Hindemith, and Max Reger, was performed on March 14, 1971. On October 23, 1972, the second solo recital was performed. The program included compositions by Olivier Messiaen, Johann Sebastian Bach, Cesar Franck, and Charles-Marie Widor. On October 17, 1977, the third solo recital, including works by Johann Sebastian Bach, Girolamo Frescobaldi, Johann Jacob Froberger, Dietrich Buxtehude, James Hathaway Tallis, and Maurice Durufle, was performed. The four programs were recorded on magnetic tape and are filed with the written version of the lecture as a part of the dissertation.

The Symphonic Fantasia Han-Kook oui Ja-Yeon (Nature in Korea ) is a single-movement orchestral piece, which is divided into 5 characteristic sections - each section has programmatic subtitles (Rocks, River, Sea, Wind, and Mountain) and its own idée fixe motive. The degree of texture (homophonic/polyphonic), dynamics (strong/weak), density (thick/thin), velocity (fast/slow), and orchestration (emphasizing various sections of the orchestra) is determined by depiction of the subtitles. The critical commentary of the Symphonic Fantasia Han-Kook oui Ja-Yeon (Nature in Korea ) includes a discussion of form, pitch content (melodic and harmonic), and texture of the piece. The commentary also includes a discussion of the use of programmatic subtitles (Rocks, River, Sea, Wind, and Mountain) and depiction of these concepts in the orchestration of the work. A comparison with other orchestral works is added for explanation and support of the composer's concept. Some of the other composers who are discussed in this paper include Richard Strauss (Alpine Symphony), Gustav Holst (The Planets), Frank Bridge (The Sea), Aaron Copland (Billy the Kid), and Joseph Klein (Pathways: Interior Shadows).

South Africa is pursuing the exploration and exploitation of its possible petroleum resources particularly shale gas, following the estimation of just over 400 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of shale gas resources in the Karoo region. This, including the lodgement of five shale gas exploration right applications has necessitated the strengthening of the petroleum regulatory framework as well as the fiscal regime to ensure that South Africa remains an attractive destination for investors and for South Africa to extract maximum economic benefits. This paper has undertaken an examination of the current fiscal regime particularly the non-tax elements as stipulated in the current regulatory framework. Upon its face value the South African fiscal regime appears to be underdeveloped and not necessarily designed to cater for development of shale gas. Furthermore, it is not designed to address the specifics of shale gas development within the South African context. Some aspects of the South African fiscal regime may require to be strengthened while also remaining relevant and competitive internationally. A fiscal regime that is flexible and sensitive to shale gas development specific within a country context is required. Consideration for a differentiated tax construction may also be incorporated to make up for allowances provided at the beginning of the project. This will be in line with South Africa’s objectives for the creation of a sustainable and competitive petroleum industry that provides a win-win solution for both government and the industry. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

Three areas of adaptation, namely physical, technical and cognitive, have to be considered if a successful transition from the violin to the viola is to be achieved. This qualitative study followed an interpretative phenomenological design. Data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with six participants from Pretoria, South Africa, all of whom had taken up the viola after becoming proficient in playing the violin. The aim of the study was to explore the physical, technical and cognitive adaptations made by violinists studying the viola as a second instrument. Findings derived from the analysed data were divided into five superordinate themes. The first superordinate theme, "Physical differences between the violin and the viola as instruments", revealed that, because the sizing of the viola is not standardised, the chosen size should be synchronised with the physique of the violist. The size and weight of the viola in the transition process were also regarded as representing a significant adaptation. The second superordinate theme pertains to left-hand technique as affected by the physical differences between the instruments. Although there is a similarity between violin and viola techniques, subtle technical differences distinguish them. Topics occurring in this section were elements of fingering, the longer viola fingerboard, shifting, and vibrato. The following superordinate theme, “Right-hand technique as affected by the physical differences between the instruments”, revealed the challenging adaptation involved in acquiring the correct bowing technique for the viola. This section further investigated issues relating to bow hold, the concept of transmitting natural weight rather than artificial pressure into the bow, and the resistance by the viola strings. It was suggested that, once a viola-specific bowing technique had been learned, violin bowing technique would be improved. Injuries and pain caused by the transition to the viola represented the fourth superordinate theme, particularly emphasising the issue of set-up, which, in the case of choosing an appropriate viola, should be customised according to the unique physique of the player. The fifth and final superordinate theme, "Methods for mastering the alto clef", showed that transitioning violists apply methods both requiring note-reading and not doing so. The findings indicated that methods which do not require the active reading of notes on the stave are not as effective as those in which the performer learns to identify note names and pitches. The study concluded that an understanding of the physical, technical and cognitive adaptations required for a successful transition process, should be cultivated by the transitioning violist. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Music / MMus / Unrestricted

The purpose of this quantitative study was to provide a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to collect radiologic science faculty members' perceptions of online education. Using a survey modified from an existing study, data were collected concerning faculty perceptions of online education in radiologic sciences. R was used to analyze the survey data through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, short form optimization, and weighted multiple regression analysis to produce an instrument that exhibits both content and construct validity, is reliable, and is a shortened, optimized version of the original instrument. The findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided to begin work broadening this under-researched area in the field of radiologic sciences.

This study aimed to explore the ability to capture the theoretical constructs of Adlerian crucial Cs (capable, connect, count, and courage) through creation of a self-report instrument for children. After following a four-phase process to develop the Crucial Cs Self Report (CCSR), including use of an expert panel, field reviews, preliminary testing, and final administration, the researcher utilized a series of exploratory factor analyses to explore the internal factor structure and relationships between items and resulting factors. The final EFA sample consisted of 112 children between the ages of 8 and 12 years recruited from various settings including three elementary schools, two mental health counseling clinics, and one private practice mental health agency. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure with 14 items. Refined model identified three factors later named count/significance, connect/belonging, and capable/striving. This initial exploration into the constructs of the Crucial Cs provides increased understanding of the widely used concepts. Further exploration and validation of the CCSR can help support parents and teachers in their efforts to foster healthy development of children as well as allow professionals and researchers to conceptualize progress and measure effectiveness of counseling intervention more accurately.

This master’s thesis deals with the design of a digital piano. This increasingly popular musical instrument offers possibilities not available in an acoustic piano (outputting sound into headphones, utilizing sample libraries, recording, use of sheet music in digital form and more). From technical standpoint, it attempts to closely mimic the qualities of traditional instruments, both in its tactile feedback and sound quality. The aim of this work was to design a solution which would starkly differentiate from the very conservative classical design without being overly extravagant. The main focus is therefore on aspects of visual appearance, with emphasis on ergonomics, and an outline of the technical solution.

This master´s thesis deals with the measurement of surface roughness on a roundness instrument Talyrond TR595S. The aim was to expand possibilities of measuring on this roundness instrument. The main benefit of this thesis is creation of the proposal for the roughness measurement components in a horizontal and vertical plane. Thesis also includes the procedure for measuring of the roughness of the circular components including calculation of measurement uncertainty.

Guideline development processes influence the quality of clinical guidelines. The aim of this study was to use the AGREE II instrument to evaluate the variability of the quality of selected guidelines, to determine a baseline for the quality of current guidelines and determine whether guidelines demonstrated good standard practice during their development. The AGREE II instrument was used to assess a selection of guidelines published between January 2012 and June 2013. Eleven guidelines were selected for review. Overall, guidelines scored highest in domain 1 (Scope and purpose) and 4 (Clarity of presentation); and lowest in domain 3 (Rigour of development) and 6 (Editorial independence) with the overall assessment score of three out of seven. The study demonstrated that the quality of guidelines was variable and that there are deficiencies in the guideline development process. The results from this study provide a baseline to measure the quality of future guidelines. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH) / MSc / Unrestricted