Although accumulating research indicates that negative expectations about interracial interactions undermine the quality of such interactions, little research has examined the factors that moderate the influence of negative expectations on responses to interracial interactions. We propose that individuals who endorse work-related ideologies such as the Protestant work ethic (PWE) expect that outcomes in interracial interactions should be contingent upon individual effort. As a result, such individuals are hypothesized to respond in a negative manner when they believe that regardless of their effort in an interracial interaction, interaction partners will respond negatively to them (termed negative response expectancies). Consistent with this hypothesis, negative response expectancies led to an increased desire to avoid interracial interactions (Studies 1a and 1b) and more antisocial behavior directed at an interracial interaction partner among individuals who strongly endorsed the PWE (Study 2). Across the studies, effects of negative response expectancies were relatively weaker or non-significant among individuals lower in the PWE. The implications of these findings for understanding the interplay between the PWE and expectancies in interracial interactions are discussed.

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[pt] Ao se observar o contexto da atenção à saúde das mulheres negras, percebe-se que ainda predominam profissionais brancos e brancas na medicina, provenientes das elites econômicas, apesar dos avanços nas políticas públicas de inclusão social no Brasil desde os anos 2000. Considerando esse cenário, nesta pesquisa, analisamos narrativas contadas por pacientes negras em consultas com médicas brancas, a fim de gerar inteligibilidades sobre a construção desses eventos sociais, a partir de uma abordagem interseccional. A metodologia analítica empregada é qualitativa e interpretativista. Além disso, o aporte teórico da sociolinguística interacional e da análise de narrativas está em diálogo com os estudos da linguística aplicada, da branquitude crítica e do racismo estrutural à brasileira na clínica médica e nas pesquisas acadêmicas. As análises indicam que existem diferentes formas de interagir nos encontros observados, umas mais empáticas que as outras, com dimensões de escuta que vão desde o foco na própria agenda de consulta (em detrimento das queixas narradas pela paciente), até a abertura à consideração de problemas familiares como partes da investigação clínica. A partir disso, é possível observar como o racismo estrutural está presente na organização das interações no contexto brasileiro contemporâneo, mesmo aquelas em que não verificamos a ocorrência de ofensas racistas explícitas. Por meio da análise, é possível perceber, ainda, que o racismo estrutural pode trazer impactos negativos às interações médico-paciente inter-raciais, como a infantilização de pacientes negras e o menosprezo às suas queixas e colocações circunstanciais. Em vista disso, as aplicações da pesquisa têm se direcionado rumo à recomendação de letramento racial crítico para profissionais de saúde, em geral, e da medicina, em particular. / [en] When we observe the context of healthcare for black women, it is clear that white male and white female professionals still predominate in the field of medicine and that the majority of them come from economic elites, despite advances in public policies for social inclusion in Brazil since the early 2000s. In this research we have analyzed narratives told by female black patients in medical appointments with female white doctors, in order to generate intelligibility about the construction of these social events from an intersectional approach. The methodology of the research is qualitative and interpretive. In addition, we mobilize theories of interactional sociolinguistics and narrative analysis in dialogue through the studies of applied linguistics, critical whiteness, and structural Brazilian racism both in medical practice and in academic researches. The analyzes indicate that there are different ways of interacting during the social meetings that we have observed, some more empathetic than others, with listening dimensions that range from focusing on the medical appointment agenda itself—to the detriment of the complaints narrated by the patient—to openness in considering family issues as part of clinical investigation. From this, it is possible to observe how structural racism organizes interactions in the contemporary Brazilian context, even those in which we do not see the occurrence of explicit racist offenses. Through the analysis, it is also possible to perceive that structural racism can have negative impacts on interracial physician-patient interactions, such as the infantilization of black patients and the disregard for their complaints and circumstantial statements. In view of this, we have directed the research applications towards the recommendation of critical racial literacy for health professionals, in general, and medical practitioners, in particular.