Introduction: The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been long studied in various populations, but there has been limited research on how differential ACEs can lead to more uncommon outcomes in unique and high-risk populations, such as youth who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviors. These youth experience ACEs at higher rates and with greater comorbidity than those who have engaged in nonsexual crimes or without justice-system involvement. ACEs are associated with increased suicidal ideation and attempts, though little research has examined how different types of ACEs (i.e., direct maltreatment vs. indirect maltreatment/household dysfunction) may lead to differential outcomes. In the current study, I analyze relationships between experiences of direct abuse (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse) and indirect abuse/household dysfunction (i.e., neglect, parental absence, caregiver substance misuse, caregiver mental illness, witnessing interpersonal violence) on suicidality outcomes in high-risk youth. I hypothesize that indirect maltreatment/household dysfunction will influence the relationships between adverse experiences and suicidality outcomes beyond the influence of direct maltreatment. Methods: Data were collected from archival records of male youth (n = 290) who had previously engaged in sexually abusive behaviors and received treatment from a private, nonprofit residential and outpatient treatment facility in Tennessee. Hierarchical linear and logistic regressions will be used to determine relationships between adverse experiences and various suicidality outcomes (e.g., presence of suicidal ideation or attempts, age at first suicidal ideation), first with direct maltreatment experiences and then indirect maltreatment/household dysfunction experiences. Results & discussion: Results will be discussed, along with implications for enhancing prevention and clinical intervention strategies for managing suicidality among high-risk youth.

My thesis deals with selected problems related to the criminal justice in the matter of youth. These problems mainly result from the fact that this is a specific group of offenders and that it is necessary to react to their unlawful activities and viewed them in a different way compared to the cases of adults. Therefore criminal law of young offenders resulted in the separate legal regulation which is contained in the Act no. 218/2003 Coll., on Judicial System in the Matter of Youth. I divide this thesis internally into six parts which have a logical sequence. The first part deals with terminology which occurs in the Act and differs from general adjudication which is stipulated by the Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure. It is necessary to acquire different terms to get a good orientation in the given issues. The second part deals with restorative justice on which basis the act on judicial system in the matter of youth is built up. It is a restoring justice where no primary vengeance exists. Since we cannot say that there exists a stable definition of restorative justice, I mention mainly the principles which this concept is based on. Further, I make a passing comment about some institutes and provisions in which the principles of restorative justice are reflected. Next part describes...

of the master thesis The issue of criminal juvenile justice The thesis deals with problems of criminal justice over juveniles. The purpose of the study is to bring an objective view of actual legal regulation in The Juvenile Justice Act No. 218/2003 and to identify problematic aspects of the juvenile justice system. Legal regulation is based upon the principle not to punish juvenile delinquents in repressive way, but to eliminate negative influences. The reason for my research is to discover the main causes of children's criminality and to outline their possible solutions. I focus on two big areas in the study - problems of the juvenile criminal liability and the system of legal instruments as a reaction of society to delinquency. The thesis is divided into six chapters; each chapter is further divided into several more subchapters according to a logical succession of addressed problems. In the first chapter I define basic terms, which are important to understand these issues. These definitions come out of the Juvenile Justice Act. Chapter two describes historical development of the juvenile legislation from 1931 to present time. The chapter consists of four parts. The main attention is given to actual legal regulation in The Juvenile Justice Act No. 218/2003. I try to show the defects of previous...

The topic of my Master's degree thesis is "The issue of criminal juvenile justice". It is focused on the area of unlawful acts of youth and children under fifteen years old. I chosed this topic because of my interest in this area. The main focus of my thesis is juridical, and minor part is also devoted to criminal aspects. I focus mainly on the sanctions. Thesis is divided into seven chapters and further split into subsections. In the first chapter I describe basic facts of the youth criminal acts. I'm focusing mainly in the characteristic criminal conducts and behaviors. The following chapter is focused on Juvenile criminal justice and mainly Law No. 218/2003 Coll. It deal with the purpose of the law and the basic concepts. The third chapter describe the area of the legal accountability of youth people, it means the question of legal accountability and moral and intellectual maturity. It deals with issue of insanity and age limit for criminal accountability of youth. In the fourth chapter I have focused on the termination of criminal liability, active repentance and the Limitation of the law. The fifth chapter is focused on the analysis of measures and their deficiency. This chapter represents the core part of the thesis. In sixth chapter I deal with the question of specific forms of criminal...

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) exhibit a strong influence on later functioning in adolescence and adulthood, including impacts on physical and mental health, as well as behavioral and risk-related outcomes. Youth who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviors experience ACEs and negative outcomes at significantly elevated rates. The current study evaluates the relationship between ACEs and the youth’s own behavior and onset and length out-of-home placements, including family- or home-based, residential, and correctional placements. Data for this study consisted of archival records that were collected from a nonprofit inpatient treatment facility for adolescents who had engaged in sexually abusive behavior. The sample included 290 males and 5 females between the ages of 10 and 17 years of age (M = 14.8, SD = 1.56). Descriptive frequencies, correlational analyses, and linear regression analyses were performed to examine hypothesized relationships. Differing predictors emerged for initial onset and length of out-of-home placement types, with ACEs as stronger predictors of family-based placements, and the youths’ own aggressive and problematic sexual behaviors more predictive of onset and length of residential and correctional placements. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.

Justice-involved youth have been shown to have higher rates of mental health concerns and trauma exposure than youth in the general population (e.g., Wood et al., 2002). An increased understanding of these mental health concerns is crucial as incarcerated youth already have worse long-term health outcomes (Barnert et al., 2017). However, while the mental health needs in terms of specific mental health diagnoses of justice-involved youth are well-documented (e.g., Teplin et al., 2002), there is a lack of research on the mental health services that are provided to justice-involved youth in institutional settings. Further, there is no known research on youth perceptions of the mental health services they received while incarcerated, which could be used to inform future research and practice to improve services. Thus, this study aimed to fill this gap by examining through a mixed-methods approach how justice-involved youth perceive the mental health care they received while incarcerated, as well as by exploring themes of areas of improvement that youth indicate as recommendations for better mental health support in youth justice institutional settings. Two-hundred and one (201) individuals who were formerly incarcerated as youth (age 24 or younger) participated in this study. Overall, participants indicated slightly greater than average satisfaction with the mental health care they received. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine differences in satisfaction between groups. Significant differences in satisfaction among facility types that youth were incarcerated in and among racial groups were found. There were no significant differences based on gender or ethnicity. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between Type-T (risk-taking/thrill-seeking) personality and satisfaction of mental health services while incarcerated, while controlling for covariates (gender, race, ethnicity, facility type, mental health diagnoses, and mental health services). Type-T was not found to be a significant predictor of satisfaction. Some mental health diagnoses (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia/psychotic disorder, substance use disorder), some racial groups (e.g., Arab American/Middle Eastern compared to White), and some facility types (e.g., juvenile detention compared to prisons) were found to be significant predictors of satisfaction. Thematic analysis was also performed on qualitative information obtained from both the surveys and interviews. Themes identified for positive aspects of mental health care experiences include Impact of Services, Relationships, Access, Service Quality, and No Positives. Themes identified for negative aspects of mental health care experiences include Access, Service Quality, Lack of Comfort, Ineffectiveness, Low Social Support, Physical Environment, All Negative, and No Negatives. Themes identified for recommendations include Access, Service Quality, Physical Setting and Environment, and Social Support. Results from this study have the potential to be used to inform experimental evaluations of changes to mental health services for incarcerated youth based on the strengths, identified needs, and recommendations of current mental health care from this study. Such studies could be aimed at improving services for incarcerated youth and developing best practices for mental health services for this population. / Psychological Studies in Education

[pt] O objeto deste estudo é pensar criticamente como vem se constituindo a demanda institucional de atendimento/acompanhamento psicológico nas Varas de Justiça da Infância e da Juventude do Rio de Janeiro. À cartografia desta paisagem foram acrescentadas as entrevistas realizadas com os ocupantes do recém criado cargo de psicólogo. O desenho que se esboça desta atuação parece apontar prioritariamente para perícia e sanção. / [en] The object of this study is to critically think about how the Psychologist is responding to the recent institutional demand for psychological care at Rio de Janeiros Children and Juvenile Court. Following an initial effort to cartograph this new space for psychological practice, interviews were conducted with individuals from newly- created positions. Our findings suggest that psychological care is being conceived mainly as mere psychological expertise and legal sanction.

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