Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This study identifies and discusses the challenges of negotiation as a conflict management tool with reference to the negotiation process of the land conflict in the Mulanje district of Malawi between tea companies and the villagers who live around the tea estates. Although the negotiation process started on 15th January 2000, there were no expected outcomes as of end of October 2008. In order to identify the challenges of the negotiation process, the study has specifically provided in-depth analyses of the land conflict and the negotiation process in Mulanje. The study consequently has recommended, among other things, the introduction of conflict transformation initiatives as a way of mending the relationship between the conflicting parties, institutionalization of conflict management training, review of the role of government and strategic cooperation of stakeholders in addressing the structural causes of conflicts among other recommendations. / South Africa

The play Miss Julie was published by playwright August Strindberg in 1888. It is a comment on the class issues in Sweden at the time (Leib, 2011). This commentary is achieved through telling the fictional tale of Julie, the daughter of a wealthy Swedish landowner, Jean, her father’s manservant, and Kristin, Jean’s betrothed who is also the house cook. During the course of a night and the next morning, Jean and Julie admit their feelings for one another, sleep together and plan to run away to start a hotel. In the morning, they ask Kristin to join them when they encounter her on her way to church. She refuses and vows to put an end to their plans. Seeing no way out, and fearing the wrath of Julie’s father, Jean hands Julie a razor and she walks outside, the inference being that she will commit suicide. The play Mies Julie is a South African adaptation, by South African playwright Yael Farber, of the August Strindberg play Miss Julie set in a farming kitchen in the Eastern Cape Karoo that premiered at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in 2012. It has since been brought to London, the Edinburgh Festival and New York. Mies Julie presents a power struggle between Julie, the daughter of the white Afrikaans farm owner, and John, her father’s favourite farm worker and the son of Christine, the housekeeper who raised Julie. By altering Christine’s role from that in Strindberg’s play, where she was John’s (there Jean’s) fiancé, to that of John’s mother and Julie’s nursemaid, playwright Yael Farber has brought to the fore an interesting irony of South Africa’s history, which has been observed by Ena Jansen (2011) – white children who are raised, both during and post-apartheid, by black women who become part of the household of the privileged white families they work for.

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / Insecure access and limited rights to land are major factors contributing to poverty among rural women (Ellis,2000; Havnevik et al,2007). Despite that, rural women’s livelihoods are directly linked to land; they generally lack secure access to productive land. In acknowledging the inequalities in terms of land ownership among Malawians, the government of Malawi introduced a land reform project known as the Community Based Rural Land Development Project (CBRLDP) (GoM, 2002a). This study aims at assessing the effects of group-based titling of the CBRLDP on creating secure access to land and livelihoods of women beneficiaries.Using qualitative research design, methods such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys were used as sources of primary data and project reports while CBRLDP programme planning documents and evaluation reports as sources of secondary data were consulted. While the data shows that secure access to land could create women’s sustainable livelihoods,the study found that access to land and the livelihoods generated by the CBRLDP are gendered, for instance,there are more male beneficiaries as compared to women. With regard to women’s land rights, this study shows that women are still struggling in claiming their rights to land. Furthermore, the study found that the roles of traditional leaders in securing access to land and protecting women’s land rights within the CBRLDP remain unclear. The study also reveals that access to land alone is not enough for the creation of women’s sustainable livelihoods.

The objectives of this study were to identify the extension needs of land reform beneficiaries (A1 and A2 farmers) for sustainable land reform, by describing and analyzing the current extension corporation and activities in newly resettled areas. The study was carried out in three districts, namely Kadoma, Chegutu and Zvimba , situated in Mashonaland West province of Zimbabwe. The target population samples for the study comprised of A1 and A2 farmers (N=690) and the extension personnel in the three districts (N=68). The study revealed that there is a distinct difference between A1 and A2 farmers regarding their socio-economic status, education level, farm size, land tenure status, and governance structure. 58.0% of A1 farmers farm on farm sizes that vary between 0.5 – 50ha, while 76.3% of A2 farmers received farm sizes between 51 - 200ha. A1 farmers mainly have obtained only primary level education, while 57.3% of A2 farmers obtained post matric education. In general the A1 farmer households are bigger with 16.2% of the households bigger than 10 members compared to A2 farmers where 31% of the households are smaller than three household members. A1 farmers use permits as tenure instruments which allows them to farm and communally share grazing areas and water sources. A2 farmers use offer letters and 99-year lease which allows them to exclusively use resources on their farms. The tenure instruments that apply to A1 farmers have limitations as farmers cannot use them to borrow operational capital since the land is considered state land. In general A1 farmers are less satisfied than A2 farmers with the current land reform program implemented by the government. According to farmers (A1 and A2) the major constraints preventing them to farm optimally are: frequent droughts, inadequate financial credit, poor availability of production inputs, poor extension services, poor farming knowledge and no farming equipment. Farmers perceived the following stumbling blocks in order of priority to the current land reform program: inadequate credit facilities, unstable political situation, corruption and inefficient extension services. 48.0% of extension officers in the three districts (Chegutu, Kadoma, Zvimba) are between the age of 18-30 years, 64.2% of the extension officers have obtained only a certificate in agriculture, which is causing problems in the role they play as technical advisors to farmers. 86.6% of the extension officers have never attended in-service training to attend to their skills development. The average ratio of extension officer to farmer is 1:250-300, which is internationally acceptable for efficient extension delivery. T&V and FSRE extension approaches are the popular approaches extension staff use, although they are in general not satisfied with these extension approaches being used, due to the little financial support government provides to execute these approaches. There is also very little monitoring of application of the various extension approaches by the department, and there is a lack of commitment on the part of the government. 72.0% extension officers indicated that they have at least weekly contact with farmers, mainly through group meetings. Extension officers perceived their technical as well as extension knowledge to be adequate for efficient extension delivery. The major constraints being faced by extension officers in the three districts are: lack of operational budgets, lack of production inputs for farmers, lack of commitment on the part of the farmers and government, low level of farmers' knowledge about farming practices and climate change. Extension officers perceived the following stumbling blocks in priority order to the current land reform program: corruption, lack of planning, lack of coordination among stakeholder and political interference. A negotiated transition for a land reform program is highly recommended. Proper selection of the land reform beneficiaries and human capital development is a critical component of a sustainable extension system. There is a need of greater participation of private role players in providing of inputs. For this to happen government should allow a free market system. A gradual transformation of extension to self finance system is needed. A levy can be imposed on A2 farmers who are in a stronger economic position, so as to finance some of the operations of extension. Due to difference in socio-economic status between A1 and A2 farmers, a tailor made extension support system needs to be implemented, taking into consideration these differences. There is a need for programmed extension with expected and measurable outputs, which offers options and problem solving strategies, facilitate decision-making and technology adaptation, and a need of attracting more private players in the agricultural extension arena. Also there is a need to employ more female extension officers, so as to improve participation of female farmers and offer in-service training for extension officers is much needed. / Dissertation (MSc Agric)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

This dissertation seeks to explore the legacy of coloniality inherent in the built environment of South African cities today, especially the City of Tshwane (Pretoria), and propose strategies to rewrite a more inclusive and transformative architectural legacy. As the historical (and current) seat of the South African government, Pretoria has seen much of the making of South Africa’s colonial (as well as pre and post-colonial) history. The remains of the architectural heritage speak of European classical ideals, battles for imperial power and colonial ways of life, and many of these heritage buildings could be seen to be struggling to represent a diverse and transformed nation. As the call has gone out to question the future of statues and monuments of problematic past leaders, it brings to light the question of our built history, heritage and the legacy it leaves. Colonial architecture heritage faces different avenues of conservation, such as forms of reuse or adaptive reuse; however, many are facing abandonment due to its inability to transform or adapt to the changing needs of society. Such is Berea Park Sports Club's case, abandoned and then vandalised, its ruins speaking of possibly becoming forgotten altogether. By investigating the reuse of the building and sports grounds through the themes of urban land reform, architectural hybridity and relevant heritage approaches, this project seeks to reimagine the legacy of the site and address spatial and social justice concerns left in the wake of the colonial city. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the The University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009. / The study investigated the poverty alleviation involving Land Reform Program (LRAD) Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development at Nhlahlayethu Farm (Umkhanyakude District). Besides land that has been taken back from White farmers and given to Black people; very little has been done to show the difference in poverty alleviation. Observations indicate that agricultural activity in land reform projects (LRAD- Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development) decrease significantly on land that was commercially viable under previous management. Large numbers of people presently own land that was initially owned by one person. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to investigate challenges and opportunities of land reform projects. The second aim of the study was to determine the general perspectives of the target farmers on agricultural farming. The third objective of the study was to investigate the general causes of non- functionality of land reform projects. The fourth objective of the study was to investigate how the whole group of farmers could work the farm up to its full potential and to determine how the Department of Land Affairs and Agriculture, could collaborate to improve development efforts towards sustainable land reform projects. The findings revealed that farmers experience a lot of challenges caused by the lack of funds and farming equipment after the land has been transferred. This ends up making the program of land reform not fully effective in alleviating poverty. Positive perspective of farmers towards farming is hindered by the lack of' farming management skills accompanied by the rate of illiteracy. Policies between the Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs need to be aligned so that after transferring the farm to beneficiaries, resources are available for supporting the target farmers. On the basis of the findings of this study, recommendations to the Land Reform Program (LRAD- Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development) as well as for directing future research were made.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2007 / Refer to the document

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013