Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-187).

This thesis explores social policy outcomes of the FTLRP. The thesis comes from an appreciation that there has been a lot of attention that has been given to the process and outcomes of the FTLRP. Various and sometimes antagonistic analytical frameworks have been employed by different scholars who come from different epistemological standings resulting in academic polarity on the subject of the FTLRP in Zimbabwe. This thesis transcends all the analytical frameworks to provide a unique perspective of the extent to which the FTLRP achieved social policy outcomes. Some of the scholars who have written on this subject have grappled with some of the social policy outcomes without however a deliberate focus on social policy outcomes. The main contribution of this thesis to the body of knowledge is its exploration of the extent to which the FTLRP has been a social policy tool that has achieved social policy outcomes. This is important because for a long time land reform has not been generally considered as a social policy tool in the main stream social policy literature. The reason for this is that social policy literature has been dominated by OECD scholars who naturally focused more on social policy tools that are more relevant to their contexts. In the process they have sought to transpose the tools that are more prevalent in their contexts to Africa. Consequently, social policy tools from the global south, such as land reform, have not featured in any significant way in mainstream social policy literature. The thesis used the transformative social policy framework in both the research and analysis of the data. The conceptual framework identifies five functions of social policy namely redistribution, production, protection, reproduction and social cohesion. Using a mixed methods approach, the thesis interrogated the extent to which the five functions of social policy were realised by the FTLRP. Research findings have shown that the major outcome that was unequivocally realised was redistribution. This is so because the country’s agrarian structure dramatically changed from a bi-modal set up where 6000 white farmers owned more than 35 percent of the arable land to a new structure where about 180 000 households of diverse backgrounds, inter alia former farm workers, people from communal areas, civil servants, war veterans, pensioners, government senior civil servants and the unemployed, now work and live on the same land. The other four social policy functions were achieved to varying degrees. Lastly, the research looked at the human development outcomes of the FTLRP by focusing on the state of education in the resettled areas. The research observed that the FTLRP increased both primary (13%) and secondary (31%) education accessibility for the children of land beneficiaries. Due to the abrupt nature with which education services were on demand, the quality was compromised. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

The research attempted to demystify the Zimbabwean land reform that was spear headed by war veterans’ in Zimbabwe. This research investigated the impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in 2000 on Household Food Security. It was generally assumed that the programme did not improve Household Food Security. To verify that assertion the research used questionnaires in a survey research design. The questionnaires were administered to 322 household heads that had been selected by the random stratified sampling method in Mutare District. The results established that Household Food Security in Mutare District improved after the implementation of the FTLRP. The national grain storage however was depleted because the new farmers reduced the production levels set by the former white farmers. The research therefore recommends an orderly and sustainable transition of Land Reform in future programmes to enhance national grain reserves. This also further improves the Household Food Security.

No Brasil já existem vários estudos sobre impactos de assentamentos da reforma agrária de diferentes regiões do país. Este estudo visa perceber os resultados sociais econômicos e ambientais de um assentamento de reforma agrária, na segunda região considerada mais pobre do Paraná, a região da Cantuquiriguaçu, situada no centro sul do Estado e que tem Laranjeiras do Sul como cidade polo. Uma região considerada pouco desenvolvida, por isso incluída nas políticas de desenvolvimento do governo federal como território da cidadania, onde deve-se efetuar mais investimentos públicos para equilibrar com o desenvolvimento das demais regiões. Começa-se por fazer um breve recorrido histórico sobre a ideia de desenvolvimento que surge após a segunda Guerra Mundial, como preocupação com a situação do não desenvolvimento dos países do terceiro mundo. É um conceito formulado nos países ricos, em especial nos EUA e desde esta percepção se articula todo um conjunto de instituições e políticas para levar o desenvolvimento aos países pobres. São feitas críticas a essa proposição, e a maneira como se percebe o desenvolvimento e a pobreza nos países do terceiro mundo, de onde surgem teorias que mostram e desnudam os laços entre desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento ou pobreza ou até da impossibilidade de desenvolvimento nos marcos dos controles do imperialismo, que surge com a concentração e centralização de capitais após o desenvolvimento industrial em grandes empresas dos países centrais do capitalismo, que subordinam os demais países. Busca-se mostrar como o desenvolvimento, na lógica proposta, chegou ao campo, no que se convencionou chamar Revolução Verde, com todos os problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos, que provocou, modernizando e esvaziando o campo de forma “dolorosa”. Na atual fase da modernização, com as crescentes crises do capitalismo de forma generalizada, o termo desenvolvimento adquire formatos diversos e é proposto em diferentes escalas, evoca participação democrática, abre-se para as questões ambientais e sociais, etc. Os críticos em geral não avalizam estas proposições que querem controlar os processos sociais, mas põem-se do lado do multivariado campesinato e agricultura familiar, que emergiram nos últimos anos como sujeitos importantes, resistindo à exclusão, buscando alternativas ao projeto do capital. Para poder dialogar e definir posições ou caminhos, foi escolhido o Assentamento Oito de Junho, em Laranjeiras do Sul, para ver os resultados da reforma agrária nos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. E desde os resultados apurados tecer uma reflexão sobre as condições em que vivem as pessoas, se estão satisfeitas e se se pode tomar esta situação como uma perspectiva para o desenvolvimento do campo na ótica do campesinato. Também se procura inferir da situação apresentada, sobre a importância da reforma agrária e sua atualidade como solução para os pobres do campo e a contribuição social para o desenvolvimento do entorno municipal e regional e como tal para o país. / In Brazil there are many studies on the impacts of land reform settlements in different regions of the country. This study aims to understand the social, economic and environmental impacts of a land reform settlement, considered the second poorest region of Paraná, Cantuquiriguaçu region, located in the center south of the state and has Laranjeiras do Sul as a hub city. A re-gion considered undeveloped, so included in the development policies of the federal govern-ment as a territory of citizenship, which should make more public investment to balance the development of other regions. First a brief overview on the idea of historical development that arises after the Second World War it is made, as concern about the situation of non-development of third world countries. It is a concept formulated in rich countries, especially the United States and since this perception is articulated around a set of institutions and poli-cies to bring development to poor countries. Critical are made to this proposition and the way the development and poverty are perceive in third world countries, where theories that arise undress and show the links between development and underdevelopment or poverty or even the impossibility of development within the landmarks of the controls of imperialism, that comes with the concentration and centralization of capital after the industrial development in large companies in the core countries of capitalism that subordinate other countries. Seeks to show how the development in the proposed logic, arrived in the camp, the so-called Green Revolution, with all the social, environmental and economic factors that caused upgrading and emptying the field "painfully." In the current phase of modernization, with the growing crises of capitalism across the board, the term development takes many shapes and is offered at different scales, evokes democratic participation, opens to the environmental and social issues, etc. Critics generally do not endorse these propositions that want to control social processes, but they put up on the side of multivariate peasants and family farmers, which have emerged in recent years as an important subject, resisting exclusion, seeking alternatives to the project's capital. To discuss and define positions or paths was chosen Settlement Oito de Junho in Laranjeiras do Sul to see the results of agrarian reform in the economic, social and environmental. And since the results obtained weave a reflection on the conditions in which people live, whether they are satisfied and if we can take this as a perspective for the devel-opment of the field in the view of the peasantry or the family farm. Also seeks to infer from the situation presented on the importance of agrarian reform and its relevance as a solution to the rural poor and social contribution for the development of the surrounding city and region and as such for the country.

No Brasil já existem vários estudos sobre impactos de assentamentos da reforma agrária de diferentes regiões do país. Este estudo visa perceber os resultados sociais econômicos e ambientais de um assentamento de reforma agrária, na segunda região considerada mais pobre do Paraná, a região da Cantuquiriguaçu, situada no centro sul do Estado e que tem Laranjeiras do Sul como cidade polo. Uma região considerada pouco desenvolvida, por isso incluída nas políticas de desenvolvimento do governo federal como território da cidadania, onde deve-se efetuar mais investimentos públicos para equilibrar com o desenvolvimento das demais regiões. Começa-se por fazer um breve recorrido histórico sobre a ideia de desenvolvimento que surge após a segunda Guerra Mundial, como preocupação com a situação do não desenvolvimento dos países do terceiro mundo. É um conceito formulado nos países ricos, em especial nos EUA e desde esta percepção se articula todo um conjunto de instituições e políticas para levar o desenvolvimento aos países pobres. São feitas críticas a essa proposição, e a maneira como se percebe o desenvolvimento e a pobreza nos países do terceiro mundo, de onde surgem teorias que mostram e desnudam os laços entre desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento ou pobreza ou até da impossibilidade de desenvolvimento nos marcos dos controles do imperialismo, que surge com a concentração e centralização de capitais após o desenvolvimento industrial em grandes empresas dos países centrais do capitalismo, que subordinam os demais países. Busca-se mostrar como o desenvolvimento, na lógica proposta, chegou ao campo, no que se convencionou chamar Revolução Verde, com todos os problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos, que provocou, modernizando e esvaziando o campo de forma “dolorosa”. Na atual fase da modernização, com as crescentes crises do capitalismo de forma generalizada, o termo desenvolvimento adquire formatos diversos e é proposto em diferentes escalas, evoca participação democrática, abre-se para as questões ambientais e sociais, etc. Os críticos em geral não avalizam estas proposições que querem controlar os processos sociais, mas põem-se do lado do multivariado campesinato e agricultura familiar, que emergiram nos últimos anos como sujeitos importantes, resistindo à exclusão, buscando alternativas ao projeto do capital. Para poder dialogar e definir posições ou caminhos, foi escolhido o Assentamento Oito de Junho, em Laranjeiras do Sul, para ver os resultados da reforma agrária nos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. E desde os resultados apurados tecer uma reflexão sobre as condições em que vivem as pessoas, se estão satisfeitas e se se pode tomar esta situação como uma perspectiva para o desenvolvimento do campo na ótica do campesinato. Também se procura inferir da situação apresentada, sobre a importância da reforma agrária e sua atualidade como solução para os pobres do campo e a contribuição social para o desenvolvimento do entorno municipal e regional e como tal para o país. / In Brazil there are many studies on the impacts of land reform settlements in different regions of the country. This study aims to understand the social, economic and environmental impacts of a land reform settlement, considered the second poorest region of Paraná, Cantuquiriguaçu region, located in the center south of the state and has Laranjeiras do Sul as a hub city. A re-gion considered undeveloped, so included in the development policies of the federal govern-ment as a territory of citizenship, which should make more public investment to balance the development of other regions. First a brief overview on the idea of historical development that arises after the Second World War it is made, as concern about the situation of non-development of third world countries. It is a concept formulated in rich countries, especially the United States and since this perception is articulated around a set of institutions and poli-cies to bring development to poor countries. Critical are made to this proposition and the way the development and poverty are perceive in third world countries, where theories that arise undress and show the links between development and underdevelopment or poverty or even the impossibility of development within the landmarks of the controls of imperialism, that comes with the concentration and centralization of capital after the industrial development in large companies in the core countries of capitalism that subordinate other countries. Seeks to show how the development in the proposed logic, arrived in the camp, the so-called Green Revolution, with all the social, environmental and economic factors that caused upgrading and emptying the field "painfully." In the current phase of modernization, with the growing crises of capitalism across the board, the term development takes many shapes and is offered at different scales, evokes democratic participation, opens to the environmental and social issues, etc. Critics generally do not endorse these propositions that want to control social processes, but they put up on the side of multivariate peasants and family farmers, which have emerged in recent years as an important subject, resisting exclusion, seeking alternatives to the project's capital. To discuss and define positions or paths was chosen Settlement Oito de Junho in Laranjeiras do Sul to see the results of agrarian reform in the economic, social and environmental. And since the results obtained weave a reflection on the conditions in which people live, whether they are satisfied and if we can take this as a perspective for the devel-opment of the field in the view of the peasantry or the family farm. Also seeks to infer from the situation presented on the importance of agrarian reform and its relevance as a solution to the rural poor and social contribution for the development of the surrounding city and region and as such for the country.

Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodríguez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_AlexandreMonteiro_D.pdf: 2423900 bytes, checksum: 31c002482baa4999decb832f402d6a98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade de um projeto de implantação de uma microdestilaria de etanol junto a um grupo de pequenos agricultores do assentamento Gleba XV de Novembro, município de Rosana, região do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brasil. Esta pesquisa foi motivada por duas razões principais. A primeira é avaliar uma alternativa a produção de etanol em larga escala que vem causando danos ao meio ambiente como a poluição dos cursos d¿água, do solo e da atmosfera (devido à queima da palha da cana), diminuindo a área destinada à produção de alimentos, além das péssimas condições enfrentadas pelos trabalhadores rurais no corte da cana. O outro motivo é atender ao interesse de um grupo de agricultores do assentamento de reforma agrária ¿Gleba XV de Novembro¿, na implantação de uma microdestilaria de álcool combustível para gerar renda e postos de trabalho. Mediante o uso de cenários, da metodologia emergética, de indicadores econômico-financeiros e de ferramentas participativas foram verificados os efeitos da inserção da microdestilaria no grupo estudado. Os resultados mostram que: (a) o projeto da implantação da microdestilaria apresentou bons indicadores de desempenho emergético (ELR = 0,41;%R = 71%), porém o bom desempenho ambiental exige um processo de integração dos subprodutos da microdestilaria com a agricultura e pecuária local, pois sem integração o desempenho ambiental diminuiu (ELR = 0,73; %R = 58%); (b) o projeto da microdestilaria é um investimento viável (TRC = 3,32 anos, PE = 24,35%, TIR = 20% e VPL = R$ 167.540, 82); (c) o projeto oferece condições de inclusão social, pois pode gerar renda e postos de trabalho (podendo chegar a 6 empregos diretos). Portanto é um projeto que pode contribuir com a elaboração de políticas para a produção de etanol e para o desenvolvimento dos assentamentos rurais / Abstract: This study aimed to assess the sustainability of a project of a small scale ethanol distillery in a group of peasants in the settlement ¿Gleba XV de Novembro¿, Rosana County, Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo State, Brazil. This research was motivated by two main reasons. The first is evaluating an alternative to large scale ethanol production. Large scale has caused several damages in the environment as pollution of waterways, land and atmosphere (due to burning before the harvesting). In addition, the expansion of sugarcane crops is reducing the area for food production and the rural workers have facing up very bad working conditions. The other reason is to supply the interest of a peasant group of "Gleba XV de Novembro" settlement in the realization of an ethanol microdistillery to provide income and jobs opportunities for themselves and their sons. Therefore, the effects of micro-distillery insertion in this study group were verified through the use of scenarios approach, emergy methodology, economic indicators and participatory tools. The results demonstrate that: (a) the implementation of the project obtained good emergy performance indicators (ELR = 0.41,% R = 71%), although the good environmental performance requires an integrated management of the distillery byproducts with local agriculture and livestock, because the environmental performance for without integration decreased (ELR = 0.73% R = 58%); (c) the distillery project is a viable (TRC = 3.32 years, PE = 24 , 35% IRR = 20% and NPV = U.S. $ 167,540, 82); (d) the project provides conditions for social inclusion, because it can generate income and jobs (which may possibly reach 6 direct jobs). Therefore, the project considering micro-distillery integrated with agriculture and livestock is able to contribute to the development of public polices for a more sustainable ethanol production and improvement of rural settlements / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / This thesis presented a study of post-settlement experiences of land reform beneficiaries, with a focus on three case studies from Limpopo Province. Since 1994, the South African government has implemented a land reform programme that aims to redress the injustices in land ownership patterns in the country. This study included a review of international and local literature on land reform with particualr interest in what happens after land transfer and settlement. / South Africa

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / Land reform in South Africa emerged as one of the important policies for reconciliation, reconstruction and development of the country after years of racial segregation. Its implementation has been three-fold i.e. land restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. The initial sub-programmes of land redistribution i.e. Settlement Land Acquisition Grant (SLAG) and Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD) have been confronted with numerous challenges and they have been criticised for influencing group owned projects due to their grant funding models. SLAG required beneficiaries to qualify as households and its failure to date has been largely attributed to unresolved conflicts amongst group members. Under LRAD, although beneficiaries qualified as individuals, the number of grants continued to be challenged by the increasing land prices, and as a result, group-owned projects continued to be created to match the land prices. Both models were demand-driven under the ‘willing buyer, willing seller’ principle. In 2006, government introduced a new model called the Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy (PLAS) which is a ‘supply-driven’ model but operating within the ‘willing buyer, willing seller’ principle. The structural changes introduced in 2010 placed PLAS as the sole land acquisition model under land redistribution. This research investigates the manner in which the implementation of this model assisted to resolve the gaps identified in its predecessors and the reasons thereof. Additionally, the research also investigates characteristics which persisted throughout and why such features persisted. The policy shift from a ‘demand-driven’ to a ‘supply-driven’ model has brought changes in terms of planning, implementation and resource mobilization. To achieve this, the researcher identified three cases where indepth research was conducted, and interviewed key roles placers from the national and provincial departments, and the local municipality. A questionnaire and semi-structures interviews were used to collect the data.

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of NGOs in land reform and post-settlement support in the Albany district of the Eastern Cape using a qualitative case study of Masifunde. To discover this role, civil society, land beneficiaries, Department of Agriculture and Department of Rural Development and Land Reform were proved to have interwoven relationships. The interactions and relationships between these entities underpinned their perceptions of each other. This study is set against the backdrop of a weakening land reform program due to frequent policy changes. Evidence presented showed how out of sync land reform is with its original mandate whilst civil society organisations have remained firmly rooted by theirs. The inability to have twin perspectives on this matter diverges the direction civil society and institutions involved in land reform take on. This separation in direction demonstrates the need for engagement between government and civil society in an attempt to assist in areas government is unable to reach or address. This thesis contends that there is definitely a role that NGOs do play and need to take on when it is evident that relevant actors are unable to deliver. Themes emerging from interviews necessitate civil society and government departments to combine their resources so as to maximise the impact for desired outcomes. These are views of both civil society and government, demonstrating that NGOs indeed do play a role in land reform and post-settlement support and need to continuously do so in an attempt to cushion the blows of uneven implementation of land reform policies.