In Taiwan, huge amount of LNG was imported each year where it was evaporated into NG using sea water to provide for household and facility usage, such as power generation. During this conversion process, tremendous cold energy had been wasted and dissipated to the sea. It is the main goal of this research to reclaim the cold energy for another engineering application to conserve energy. Research efforts has been focused on Nitrogen Separation process, where pure Nitrogen should be produced in low temperature, and is thus suitable to use LNG cold energy. It is estimated that among the 20 million kW-h power devoted into N2 separation each year, 48% can be saved from reclaiming LNG cold energy, presenting significant energy-savings potential. Based on 3 processes proposed in this study, the payback years were all ranked within 5 years, indicating promising feasibility for engineering applications.

No description available.

No description available.

Floating LNG terminals are a relatively new concept with the first such terminal in the world installed this year. The hydrodynamic interaction effects between the terminal and a LNG carrier in a side-by-side offloading arrangement is investigated. The side-byside arrangement is compared with each body floating alone to identify the interaction effects. The hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained using the Constant Panel Method and the analysis of body motions, mooring line tensions are done in time domain. The relative motion between the two bodies is analyzed using WAMIT in frequency domain and WINPOST in time domain to ascertain the offloading operability of the terminal under 1 year storm condition.

No description available.

Electrified Vehicles (EVs), including Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Pure Electric Vehicles (PEVs), can provide substantial improvements in energy efficiency, emission reduction, and lifecycle cost over conventional vehicles solely powered by Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Progress on electrification of marine vessels has been made, but the pace has been impacted by factors such as the different operational load profile of vessels, relatively small production levels and longer or varied lifetimes. In this dissertation, hybrid electric and pure electric propulsion system designs for fishing boats and passenger ferries are studied based on in-field acquired operational data. A new integrated marine propulsion system modeling and simulation method and a dedicated mobile data acquisition system have been introduced to analyze the energy efficiency, emission reduction, and lifecycle costs of new or retrofitted fishing boats and passenger ferries with hybrid electric and pure electric powertrains. Following the automotive industry Model Based Design (MBD) approach, modeling and simulation of electrified vessels using the acquired operation profile have been carried out using backward and forward-facing methods. Series hybrid electric and pure electric powertrain system designs with powertrain component models and rule-based system control, including a properly sized electric Energy Storage System (ESS) with a Supercapacitor (SC) or battery, have been studied. The total CO2 equivalent (CO2e) or Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and lifecycle costs of various new, electrified vessel propulsion system designs have been evaluated. Clean propulsion system solutions for fishing boats and passenger ferries with detailed powertrain system and control system designs are given which provide a foundation for further research and development. This dissertation also addresses the environmental impact of Natural Gas (NG) as a transportation fuel, particularly for marine transportation use. A systematic evaluation of GHG emissions is provided for the upstream fuel supply chain of natural gas fuel in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) lifecycle GHG emissions produced in both the upstream supply chain and the downstream vessel propulsion are estimated quantitatively using manufacturer data and propulsion system models of marine vessels. Extensive data have been collected from oil and gas companies that have active operations in BC to determine the upstream supply chain GHG emissions of the NG fuel under three scenarios. The energy efficiency and emissions of natural gas engines are compared with traditional diesel fuel marine engines and generators. The results obtained indicate that LNG fuel can lower CO2e by 10% to 28% with reduced local air pollutants such as sulfur oxides and particulates, compared to conventional diesel fuel. However, engine methane slip during combustion should be monitored as it can have a significant impact on the GHG emissions and so offset the environmental benefits of LNG. / Graduate

Denna uppsats är gjord på uppdrag av Tarbit Shipping som år 2011 konverterade sin tankbåt M/T Bit Viking från konventionell drift på tjockolja till LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas).Uppdraget som gavs var att upprätta en tränings manual till fartyget då det är ett krav från IMO (International Maritime Organization). Manualen skrevs i 3 st huvuddelar Kategori A, B och C. Kategori A är till för att manskap ombord ska få en kännedom om gasen och säkerhet runt den, Kategori B är skriven till däcksbefäl där det krävs en större kännedom om gasen och Kategori C är till för maskinbefäl. Manualen finns nu ombord på fartyget och på rederi kontoret för utbildning av nypåmönstrad personal och fortlöpande utbildning av ordinarie personal. Manualen är ett resultat på tolkning av IMO´s IGF kod (ANNEX11. RESOLUTION MSC.285(86)) där det står riktlinjer för säkerheten ombord på fartyg med maskiner som drivs på naturgas. / This paper has been produced as a result of an assignment set by Tarbit Shipping which 2011converted one of their product tanker ships from M/T Bit Viking its original heavy fuel oil toLNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). The assignment was to establish a training manual to the shipaccording to IMO´s (International Maritime Organization) IGF code. The manual is written inthree main parts Category A, Category B and Category C. Category A is directed at ratingsand cadets and focuses on gas and safety procedures, Category B is directed at deck officersand focuses on gas, whilst Category C is directed at engine officers and, similar to Category Baims at increasing knowledge levels for engineers. The manual is now located onboard theship and at the company’s office for education of new personnel and for continued educationfor personnel onboard. The manual is a result on an interpretation of IMO´s IGF code(ANNEX11. RESOLUTION MSC.285(86)), in which guidelines are laid out for vesselsfueled by natural gas.

Le développement et l'utilisation des procédés industriels à basse température ont été très importants durant ces dernières années. Le développement est surtout dû à l'accroissement de la demande en produits liquides (purs ou mélanges) sur le marché mondial. L'auteur de cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie des trois grandes familles de procédés de liquéfaction du gaz naturel utilisés en Algérie. Il commence par examiner les traitements subis par le gaz naturel avant sa liquéfaction qui consiste à le ramener à une température de -160°C et à une pression légèrement supérieure à la pression atmosphérique. Il analyse ensuite, à l'aide du logiciel ASPEN PLUS, les différentes performances des trois types de cycles et conclut en montrant que le cycle Propane-MCR est thermodynamiquement le plus avantageux.

Le développement et l'utilisation des procédés industriels à basse température ont été très importants durant ces dernières années. Le développement est surtout dû à l'accroissement de la demande en produits liquides (purs ou mélanges) sur le marché mondial. L'auteur de cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie des trois grandes familles de procédés de liquéfaction du gaz naturel utilisés en Algérie. Il commence par examiner les traitements subis par le gaz naturel avant sa liquéfaction qui consiste à le ramener à une température de -160°C et à une pression légèrement supérieure à la pression atmosphérique. Il analyse ensuite, à l'aide du logiciel ASPEN PLUS, les différentes performances des trois types de cycles et conclut en montrant que le cycle Propane-MCR est thermodynamiquement le plus avantageux.

This dissertation presents a search for heavy, long-lived, neutral particles that decay to photons in proton anti-proton collisions with a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experiment. Such particles are typical of models of Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking (GMSB). We select events with a single photon, missing transverse energy, and little other activity in the detector. We model the photon arrival time for Standard Model and non-collision sources using a data-driven method and consider photons which have a time of arrival at the detector which is significantly delayed relative to predictions. Using 6.3 fb^−1 of data collected from December 2004 to June 2010, we observe 322 events in the signal region compared to a background prediction of 287 ± 24 events. While the data are consistently above predictions, we report a model excess with a significance of 1.2 standard deviations from the null hypothesis.