Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on February 18, 2008). Research advisor: Teresa M. Waters, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (viii, 88 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-79).

Η Κινάση του Αναπλαστικού Λεμφώματος(Alk) είναι ένας υποδοχέας κινάσης τυροσίνης(RTK)ο οποίος εμπλέκεται σε διάφορες μορφές καρκίνου στον άνθρωπο, και η λειτουργικότητά του δεν έχει διαλευκανθεί πλήρως. Γνωρίζουμε ότι, ο υποδοχέας dAlk εκφράζεται ευρέως στο ΚΝΣ των ενήλικων μυγών και ιδιαίτερα στα μισχοειδή σωμάτια της Drosophila melanogaster, νευρωνικές δομές απαραίτητες για τις διεργασίες της μνήμης και της μάθησης. Στόχος της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση του ρόλου του υποδοχέα dAlk και του προσδέτη του Jeb στην μνήμη μακράς διαρκείας(LTM)και ο καθορισμός του υποσυνόλου των νευρώνων στους οποίους παράγεται τόσο το Alk όσο και ο προσδέτης του Jeb. Για την διεξαγωγή των πειραμάτων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν γενετικές μέθοδοι και συμπεριφορικές μελέτες στην Drosophila melanogaster. / The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Alk is implicated in several human cancers, but with many unknown functions.It has already been demonstrated that the receptor Alk is widely expressed in the central nervous system of adult flies and especially in the Mushroom Bodies, neuronal structures essential for learning and memory. The main purpose of my undergraduate thesis is to elucidate the role of the receptor Alk and its ligand Jeb in Long Term Memory. Moreover, we focused on finding the specific subset of neurons in which the RTK dAlk and its ligand Jeb are produced.For this research we used genetic tools alongwith behavioural techniques.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend long-term treatment for opioid use disorder including the use of buprenorphine; however, little is known about patients in long-term treatment. OBJECTIVE: Examine the prevalence and patient characteristics associated with long-term treatment retention (≥1 year) in an Office Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) program with buprenorphine. Study Design: This is a 12-year retrospective cohort study of adults on buprenorphine in OBOT in a large urban safety-net primary care practice. METHODS: The primary outcome was retention in OBOT for ≥1 continuous year. Patients who re-enrolled multiple times in the program contributed repeated observations. Potential predictors of ≥1 year retention assessed were: age, race/ethnicity, psychiatric diagnoses, hepatitis C, employment, prior buprenorphine, ever heroin use, current cocaine, benzodiazepine and alcohol use on enrollment. Factors associated with ≥1 year OBOT retention were identified using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models. The different reasons for clinic disengagement by retention status (i.e. ≥1 year vs. <1 year) were also described. RESULTS: OBOT treatment periods (n=1605) among 1237 patients were assessed. Almost half, 44.7% (717/1605), of all treatment periods were ≥1 year and a majority, 53.7% (664/1237), of patients had at least one ≥ 1 year period. In adjusted analyses, female gender (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.55, 95% CI [1.20, 2.00]) psychiatric diagnosis (AOR 1.75 [1.35, 2.27]) and age (AOR 1.19 per 10 year increase [1.05, 1.34]) were associated with greater odds of ≥1 year retention. Unemployment (AOR 0.72 [0.56, 0.92]), Hepatitis C (AOR 0.59 [0.45, 0.76]), black race/ethnicity (AOR 0.53 [0.36, 0.78]) and Hispanic race/ethnicity (AOR 0.66 [0.48, 0.92]), compared to white, were associated with lower odds of ≥1 year retention. Relapse to substance use appeared to be a less common reason for disengagement for the ≥1 year (23.3%) compared to the <1 year (40.1%) treatment periods. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of patients were successfully retained in Office Based Opioid Treatment with buprenorphine for ≥1 year. However, significant disparities in one-year treatment retention were seen, including poorer retention for patients who were younger, black, Hispanic, unemployed, or with hepatitis C. / 2018-11-09T00:00:00Z

The motivation of this thesis is to provide a basic framework for treating long-range cross-correlated processes while keeping the methodology and as- sumptions as general as possible. Starting from the definition of long-range cross-correlated processes as jointly stationary processes with asymptotically power-law decaying cross-correlation function, we show that such definition implies a divergent at origin cross-power spectrum and power-law scaling of covariances of partial sums of the long-range cross-correlated processes. Chap- ter 2 describes these and other basic definitions and propositions together with necessary proofs. Chapter 3 then introduces several processes which possess long-range cross-correlated series properties. Apart from cases when the mem- ory parameter of the bivariate memory is a simple average of the parameters of the separate processes, we also introduce a new kind of process, which we call the mixed-correlated ARFIMA, which allows to control for both the bi- variate and univariate memory parameters. Chapter 4 deals with tests for a presence of long-range cross-correlations. We develop three new tests, and Monte-Carlo-simulation-based statistical power and size of the tests are com- pared. The newly introduced tests strongly surpass the already existing one. In Chapter 5,...

xiii, 163 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT QP360.5 .B79 2008 / The ability to rapidly change from one course of action to another, i.e. "flexible behavior", is a hallmark of human cognition. Laboratory observations of switch costs, an increase in reaction time and errors when alternating between tasks compared to repeating a task, have been argued to be a measure of endogenous control during flexible behavior. However, alternative models suggest no such reconfiguration processes are necessary to account for performance in these task-switching situations. The first part of this dissertation uses neuroimaging to address whether reconfiguration processes do in fact occur in the explicit cuing variant of the task-switching paradigm. Using a 4:2 mapping between cues and tasks, we found neuroanatomical evidence for a dissociation between cue-switch (left prefrontal and lateral parietal) and task-switch (medial precuneus and cerebellar) related areas, consistent with the claim of endogenous control during task selection. The second portion explores whether automatic, long-term memory (LTM) processes can explain the "switch cost asymmetry", the fact that switch costs are larger when switching into a dominant task rather than into a competing non-dominant task. We modified an alternating runs task-switching paradigm to include either long or short response-to-stimulus intervals (RSIs) after each pair of trials (i.e., AA-AA-BB-BB), thereby inducing selection costs not only at the point of a task-switch (i.e., AA-BB), but also between same-task pairs (i.e., AA-AA). Using spatially compatible versus incompatible response rules and Stroop word versus color naming, we found asymmetric effects not only at task-change transitions, but also at task-repeat transitions when the RSI was long (presumably inducing frequent losses of task set). In two additional experiments, an asymmetry for long RSIs was obtained even when competing tasks were separated into alternating single task blocks, but not when the tasks were compared in a between-subject design. This pattern supports the idea that the asymmetry arises from interference effects occurring in LTM traces. The combined results of this dissertation characterize task-switching processes not as an "either-or" phenomenon in regards to the question of control, but rather as the interplay between top-down, executive functions and bottom-up, long-term memory priming mechanisms. / Adviser: Ulrich Mayr

Visual long term memory (VLTM) research has shown that we are capable of learning a virtually infinite amount of visual information. At the same time, visual short term memory (VSTM) research has shown that there is a severe limitation in the amount of information we can simultaneously apprehend at a given time. How does the severe capacity limitation in the initial uptake of information influence the encoding of information into VLTM? To this date, there has been no direct test of such influence, and the effect of such limitation has been unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, across wide varieties of conditions, the severe-capacity limitation in VSTM dictates the encoding of information into VLTM by determining the "bandwidth" of information transfer. This finding has a substantial implication for the understanding of the role of severely-capacity limited VSTM in forming many types of VLTM representations. / 10000-01-01

The aim of this thesis was to compare the selected accounting programs in terms of the possibilities of data processing, speed of the processing and clearly organized of data. This thesis will be used by the certain company and therefore it is specialized on long-term assets. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part is defined long-term assets, the way of get of long-term assets, depreciation and the way of eliminate of long-term assets and accounting of long-term assets. For the practical part was selected four accounting programs, in which were described various procedures in agenda of long-term assets.

abstract: Achievement of many long-term goals requires sustained practice over long durations. Examples include goals related to areas of high personal and societal benefit, such as physical fitness, which requires a practice of frequent exercise; self-education, which requires a practice of frequent study; or personal productivity, which requires a practice of performing work. Maintaining these practices can be difficult, because even though obvious benefits come with achieving these goals, an individual's willpower may not always be sufficient to sustain the required effort. This dissertation advocates addressing this problem by designing novel interfaces that provide people with new practices that are fun and enjoyable, thereby reducing the need for users to draw upon willpower when pursuing these long-term goals. To draw volitional usage, these practice-oriented interfaces can integrate key characteristics of existing activities, such as music-making and other hobbies, that are already known to draw voluntary participation over long durations. This dissertation makes several key contributions to provide designers with the necessary tools to create practice-oriented interfaces. First, it consolidates and synthesizes key ideas from fields such as activity theory, self-determination theory, HCI design, and serious leisure. It also provides a new conceptual framework consisting of heuristics for designing systems that draw new users, plus heuristics for making systems that will continue drawing usage from existing users over time. These heuristics serve as a collection of useful ideas to consider when analyzing or designing systems, and this dissertation postulates that if designers build these characteristics into their products, the resulting systems will draw more volitional usage. To demonstrate the framework's usefulness as an analytical tool, it is applied as a set of analytical lenses upon three previously-existing experiential media systems. To demonstrate its usefulness as a design tool, the framework is used as a guide in the development of an experiential media system called pdMusic. This system is installed at public events for user studies, and the study results provide qualitative support for many framework heuristics. Lastly, this dissertation makes recommendations to scholars and designers on potential future ways to examine the topic of volitional usage. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Media Arts and Sciences 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as Representações Sociais de pacientes psiquiátricos, sobre suas situações de vida após convívio com a loucura, a internação e o sofrer psíquico. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, utilizei a técnica de História de Vida para entrevistar individualmente quatro pacientes (mulheres) internadas no hospital psiquiátrico. Construí os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos desta pesquisa, através da observação, da realização de entrevistas abertas não diretivas, enriquecidas com o uso de Técnica Projetiva (o desenho-estória livre e com tema) e de consulta feita nos prontuários. Utilizei a Análise Temática para analisar os dados, constatando que as pacientes constroem conhecimentos acerca da loucura. Deste modo, pude identificar as Representações Sociais que se constituem em sistemas de pensamentos organizados em verdadeiras teorias psicopatológicas, que se articulam ao redor de concepções sobre a loucura e suas conseqüências. As pacientes, através de vivências concretas, elaboraram teorias que denotam seus difíceis percursos de vida os quais conduziram-nas à condição de doentes mentais. A expressão a triste passagem, a triste paisagem, utilizada por uma paciente, sujeito da pesquisa, traduz o drama daqueles que passaram pela sofrida experiência da loucura, que foram submetidos ao tratamento psiquiátrico e que, conseqüentemente, tiveram longas internações. / This study aimed to identify the Social Representations of psychiatric patients on their circumstances of life after being familiar with insanity, internment and psyche suffering. From a qualitative approach of research, i applied the technique of Life History to interview four female patients interned in a Psychiatric Hospital separately. I made the methodologicaltheoretical procedures of this research through observation, non-directive open interviews enriched with the application of prospective techique (free historydrawing and thematic drawing) and consultation in the reports. I applied the thematic analysys to analyze the data confirming that the patients build up certain knowledge about their insanity. In this way, I could identify the Social Representations which are made in methods of thinking organized in true psycho-pathological theories which are combined with conceptions about insanity and its consequences. Through real grasp of life experience the patients developed theories denoting their difficult ways of life which led them to the status of mentally sick people. The saying the sad journey, the sad scenery used by a patient in this study puts in lay terms the tragedy of those who went through the hard experience of insanity, who underwent psychiatric treatment and therefore had lengthy internments.

Primary visual cortex is a classic model to study experience-dependent brain plasticity. In early life, if one eye is deprived of normal vision, there can be a dramatic change in the ocular dominance of the striate cortex such that the large majority of neurons lose responsiveness to the deprived eye and, consequently, the ocular dominance distribution shifts in favor of the open eye. Interestingly, the visual experience dependent plasticity following monocular deprivation (MD) occurs during a transient developmental period, which is called the critical period. MD hardly induces ocular dominance plasticity beyond critical period. The mechanisms underlying ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period are not fully understood. It has been proposed that long-term depression (LTD) may underlie the loss of cortical neuronal responsiveness to the deprived eye. However, discordant results have been reported in terms of the role of LTD and LTP in visual plasticity due to the lack of specific blockers. Here we report the prevention of the normally-occurring ocular dominance (OD) shift to the open eye following MD by using a specific long-term depression (LTD) blocking peptide derived from the GluR2 subunit of the a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR). We were able to prevent the shift of OD to the open eye with systemic or local administration of the GluR2 peptide. Both electrophysiological and anatomical approaches were taken to demonstrate the peptide effect. Moreover, enhancing LTD with D-serine, a NMDA receptor co-agonist, brought back the ocular dominance plasticity in adult mice subject to four-day MD and, therefore, reopened the critical period. Our data indicate that LTD plays an essential role in visual plasticity during the critical period and the developmental regulation of LTD may account for the closure of critical period in adult. In an additional study, we have found anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, produces a time-dependent decline in the magnitude of the field EPSP (fEPSP) in mouse primary visual cortex and that this anisomycin-mediated fEPSP depression occludes NMDA receptor dependent LTD. In contrast, another two protein synthesis inhibitors, emetine and cycloheximide, have no effect either on baseline synaptic transmission and or on LTD. We propose that anisomycin-LTD might be mediated by p38 MAP kinase since anisomycin is also a potent activator of the P38/JNK MAPK pathway. In agreement with notion, the decline of the fEPSP caused by anisomycin can be rescued by the application of the P38 inhibitor SB203580, but not by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. The occlusion of LFS-LTD by anisomycin-induced fEPSP decline suggests that common mechanisms may be shared between the two forms of synaptic depression. Consistent with this view, bath application of the membrane permeant peptide discussed above, which specifically blocks regulated AMPA receptor endocytosis, thereby preventing the expression of LFS-LTD, prior to anisomycin treatment significantly reduced the anisomycin-induced decline of the fEPSP. In conclusion, this study indicates that anisomycin produces long-lasting depression of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission by activating P38 MAPK-mediated endocytosis of AMPA receptors in neonatal mouse visual cortex. / Medicine, Faculty of / Graduate