After 1978, Chinese government initiated the transformation of the relationship between state and society. It was a process that the actor of state retreated gradually from market and society, meanwhile market and society developed slowly in the space which released by state. The state had different attitude toward market and society, as a result the market made a quicker development than the society. The society developed in the state and the market. The trade association in China could be divided into three types: state-led, spontaneous and eclectic. All of them are founded in the space released by state and the market. It reflected that in planned economy the trade associations still could be driven by the market. The trend of trade promotion associations¡¦ development are the state-led trade promotion associations will become more independently, and it would turn into the modern trade management system. Also the spontaneous promotion associations would develop fast. At that time, it would be hard to differentiate these two kind trade associations. According to the analysis above, the conclusion of this study are: First, Chinese government should continue to reform the SOEs, abolish the unsuitable privilege of administration department and rebuild the state-led trade associations. Second, give support to the newly build trade promotion associations and encourage the creative thinking. Third, cancel the dual management system and implement the systematic management. Fourth, allow the rational competition and regularize the behaviors of trade promotion associations. Finally, complete the supervised system, make the specific rules for trade promotion associations and develop other economical NGOs to make the balance effect.

Strategic human resource practices are suggested for its importance to help firms obtain substantive competitive advantage these years. However, workforce differentiation perspectives brought a new paradigm shift of strategic human resource management to have a narrow focus on strategic talent management. While a number of previous studies have suggested the importance of strategic talent management, few have given the clear definition, critical strategic talent management practices and provide empirical evidences. This study developed the strategic talent management practices and examined the influence of strategic talent management system on talents¡¦ capabilities and firm performance. In addition, the mediation effects of talents¡¦ capabilities are also be examined in this study. The data were collected from the 62 medium to large companies across industries in Taiwan. The study results summarize as follows. 1. Firstly, this study identified and developed the five subsystems of strategic job identification, competence training, performance evaluation, development, compensation and benefits with their related practices in strategic talent management system. The preliminary study results provide the reliability and validity evidences to support strategic talent management practices measurement scales as a stable and valid measurement tool. 2. Secondly, this study supported the positive relationship between strategic talent management system and firm performance. The results imply that the intensive use of strategic talent management system leads to positive firm performance. 3. Thirdly, this study supported the positive relationship between strategic talent management system and talents¡¦ capabilities, including behavioral, knowledge, skills and work style capabilities. The results imply that organization can take advantage of investing strategic talent management system to develop the critical talents¡¦ behavioral, knowledge, skills, and work style capabilities. 4. Fourthly, this study partially supported the positive relationship between talents¡¦ capabilities and firm performance. The results imply that talents¡¦ behavioral, knowledge, and work style capabilities have positive influence on firm performance. Organizations should develop talents¡¦ behavioral, knowledge, and work style capabilities to achieve the organizational strategic goals and obtain the competitive advantage. However, the hypothesized relationship between talents¡¦ skill capability and firm performance was not supported in this study. 5. Finally, this study partially supported the mediation effects of talents¡¦ capabilities between the relationship of strategic talent management system and firm performance. The results imply that the mediation effects of talents¡¦ behavioral and knowledge capabilities have significant influence on the relationship of strategic talent management system and firm performance while the mediation effects of talent¡¦s skills and work style capabilities did not meet the significant level in this study. The results still partially supported the mechanism of talents¡¦ capabilities working between strategic talent management system and firm performance. All results implications and suggestions are discussed in detail in the context.

Since People used a lot of information technologies in different societies, no matter private enterprises or public administrations all effort to use the newly information technologies (especially in internet application), to increase the speed and correctness of dealing with information and cost down. For example in enterprise, internet changes the relation between business and business, customer and business, and the competition model between business and business. In government, public administrations used information technologies and communication to redesign the organizations, simply the processing to improve the efficiency and response citizen¡¦s demand immediately. Therefore information technologies change, deal with, disseminate the paths and speed of knowledge. The influence existed not only in enterprises, but also changing the style that government accessed and managed knowledge. Kaohsiung city government pushed the Knowledge Management System. But the rejection of members in organization has huge influence in pushing KM, on the other hand Technology Acceptance Model is a major method in discussing the behavior of information technology acceptance recently. This research reviews some literature about knowledge management, and analysis the IT and knowledge management portal in the members of Kaohsiung city administration to propose the model influence KMS acceptance for an reference base when public sectors plan and build KMS. The research surveies the employees of secretariat of Kaohsiung city government, including the amanuensis in first level administration and schools. We distributed 285 questionnaires and received 137 effective questionnaires. After using LISREL and SPSS 10.0, the foundings of this research is: 1. It is usefulness to use TAM2 to measure the acceptance of knowledge management system. It also proves the acceptance between KMS and general IT system consilient. 2. The difference of population is not signality for the behavior intension of using KMS. 3. It is also not signality between scocial norm and perceived usefulness in this research. 4. Kaohsiung city government has not enough effort in pushing KMS. It must depended on high-up to built knowledge sharing culture in the organization.and practice real knowledge management

As a result of tough competition in the marketplace and the shift form a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy, companies are looking more and more at gaining competitive advantage through managing and maximizing their most valuable asset ¡V knowledge. In line with the increasing need to manage knowledge systems (KMS), which involve the application of IT systems and other organizational resources to manage knowledge strategically, are growing in popularity. Given the fact that it is not difficult to find applications relevant to KMS in organizations, the topic of KMS has not been well explored by researchers and scholars. Besides, even among the limited literature on KMS, there is a scarcity of studies on the empirical perspective of KMS, especially in the area of adoption, which is an important issue of managerial capacity. This research tries to address this gap by studying the adoption of KMS in Taiwanese organizations. Specifically, we want to find the significant factors of the KMS adoption. This study is based on innovative perspective combining with some important factors to mold an integrated model. Three dimensions are involved in, including: (1) Innovative characteristics of KMS: includes relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and cost of KMS (2) Organizational factors: includes IT infrastructure inside organization, employees¡¦ IS knowledge, management support, slack resources and business size (3) External factors: only includes competitive pressure. We try to find out whether there is something critical to adopt KMS. An empirical survey methodology is applied to test the research model and hypotheses proposed in this study. Eight out of nine hypotheses are validated in our research model with Discriminant Analysis. The research result reveals that management support of a firm has the strongest discriminability; on the other hand, competitive pressure also affects the adoption of KMS of a firm strongly. In conclusion all the variables have discriminant power expect relative advantage.

In this paper, the heuristic rules are proposed to derive the rephasing strategy of laterals and distribution transformers to improve the three phase unbalance of distribution systems. The distribution feeder network has been obtained by retrieving the attribute data of distribution components from the database of outage management system (OMS) in Taipower. The topology process and node reduction have also been executed to identify the network configuration and to prepare the input data for load flow analysis. With the monthly energy consumption of customers served by each transformer, which has been retrieved from the Customer Information System (CIS), the hourly loading of each distribution transformer can be derived. By performing the three phase load flow analysis, the three phase currents and neutral current of each primary trunk line section and each lateral can be calculated. The heuristic rule is employed to determine the phase adjustment strategy laterals and distribution transformers for rephasing to achieve three phase balancing. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for three phase balancing, two practical distribution feeders in Taipower Fengshan District are selected for simulation. After rephasing the distribution transformers and laterals proposed by this paper, the three phase currents and netural of the test feeders have been collected. By companing to the neutral current before rephasing, it is found that the neutral current of test feeders have been reduced significantly and there phase balancing has been obtained by executing the proposed strategy derived using the heuristic rule.

½×¤åºK­n (­^) In the IC packaging and testing industry, short lead-time, high yield performance and excellence in quality are the major factors for competition. To achieve these goals, experienced and knowledgeable employees as well as a culture appreciating collaborative problem solving and knowledge sharing are essential. The case company realized and promoted the importance of collaborative problem solving and knowledge sharing. Currently, several collaborative problem solving and knowledge sharing activities can be observed in the case company. Although the case company appreciates and creates the culture of collaborative problem solving and knowledge sharing, several challenges remain to be addressed. ¡P Reuse of lessons learned knowledge (or tacit knowledge for short) seldom takes place. ¡P Retention of Lessons Learned knowledge is lacking. ¡P The availability of lessons learned knowledge is a concern. To address the above-mentioned challenges faced by the case company, the purpose of this research is to develop and implement a knowledge management system. Specifically, an lessons learned knowledge repository will be constructed for capturing, retaining and reusing lessons learned knowledge. The goals of the target knowledge management system include facilitating efficient inter- and intra-departmental knowledge sharing and improving the knowledge availability that, in turn, leading to a productivity improvement. Empirical evaluations on the usability of the proposed system will be conducted and analyzed.

Recently, Quality management has become the important management method of every enterprise especially the government which confront the government-own-civil-operate(GOCO) competitive trend in view of rapidly changing generation. This research aims at investigating the quality management system development of military organization (Example: military facility) in response of future mission demand. Furthermore, through analyzing the related documentation and questionnaire to build up a feasible model ¡§NEW QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM¡¨ which is composed of four main axes including of ¡¥Organization coordination¡¦, ¡¦Precise goal¡¦, ¡¥Simplified management¡¦, ¡¥Human-base value¡¦. The model not only evaluates the improved performance of efficiency, quality, cost in the facility, but also offers profit to a considerable extent and reference value for the current various governmental organization no matter what it might become civil-operative or not.

The concept of knowledge management has become a critical issue in both academic and practical area. Organizations invest huge resources in knowledge management work in order to maintain long term competitive advantage. Therefore, how to use information technology to support knowledge management in an efficient way is a critical success factor in organizations adopting knowledge management. However, the running effect of knowledge management system does not achieve organizations¡¦ expectancy. The main reason is that knowledge management system is designed for unstable form of knowledge; developing information system in a structural way can not process this abstract knowledge effectively. For the reason, this research applies intelligent agent technique in developing knowledge management system, hoping to make use of intelligent agents¡¦ autonomy, communication ability, adaptability and mobility to raise the efficiency of knowledge management. This research analysis the general knowledge management works in order to find out the general knowledge management requirements. And then, this research also checks which requirements are suitable for intelligent agent to process. After integrating these requirements, this research proposes a complete intelligent agent based knowledge management system framework and a detail definition of each intelligent agent, and a set of message communication protocols between these intelligent agents.

Abstract In this study, the theoretical basis of the management of teacher quality in U.S.A. in recent years was examined from several aspects such as human resource management, accountability, and related studies. Based on these measures, the theoretical structures developed in the process of the management changes of teacher quality since 1990s were studied. Secondly, the background and reasons of the reform were analyzed, and some concrete suggestions and methods were concluded from the various U.S. education reports and bills. Then, from realistic points of view, the policies developed by different states during the process of reforms were also probed into. Then, a questionnaire was developed as a tool for data collection. The populations of the questionnaire survey included teachers, school administrators, the members of parents¡¦ organizations, educational scholars, educational authorities, councilors and the representatives of teacher organizations. There were 1,360 samples, which contain 1,050 valid ones. The valid returned percentage was 77.2%. The data were testified through frequency distribution, percentage, means, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, then were analyzed and discussed according to the results. Finally, the conclusions and suggestions were proposed as a result. When reflecting on the present conditions of U.S. teacher quality management, this research probed into five aspects: the access of teacher qualifications, selection and employment, payment and working conditions, assessment and dealing with incompetent teachers. The representatives of parents¡¦ organizations, councilors and elementary school teachers had significant correlation with each other in the perceptions of teachers¡¦ quality management problems and the measures. In addition, this study found that there were diversity in some aspects such as getting payment according to teachers¡¦ actual performances, assessing teachers according to their students¡¦ performance in exams, carrying out teacher career ladder program, and having principals observe in class. Most samples were quite unanimous in other aspects, such as raising the selection criteria of teacher education program, evaluating teacher education programs institutions, establishing professional development schools, setting up nationwide professional educational standard committees, implementing beginning teachers mentoring system, every elementary and secondary school posting reports on educational progress, the government posting nationwide teacher quality assessment report, raising teachers¡¦ basic hours of professional development, helping incompetent teachers improve their teaching methods. Finally, this study will propose several suggestions: 1. The measures of the reform should be taken from all aspects. 2. To select teacher education programs, post reports on teacher quality assessment and strengthen the cultivation and assessment system. 3. To establish the way to assess and report unqualified teachers for dismissal in order to raise the teaching quality. 4. Central government will request each elementary and secondary school to propose each report on teaching quality to raise the efficiency. 5. To set up beginning teachers mentoring system to improve teaching quality. 6. To raise teachers¡¦ professional recognition, correct the unreasonable long teaching hours and class distribution. 7.To give teachers various ways to get professional development to access different certificates to strengthen teaching abilities. 8. Teacher organizations will actively provide advices for education reform. 9. Teacher organizations will initiatively cooperate or participate with central government in the designing of the system in raising teacher quality.

With the rapid and constant changes taking place in information technology and internet, only firms participating in the creation and utilization of knowledge can hope to obtain the advantageous position in today¡¦s knowledge-based economy. Thus, the issues surrounding knowledge management (KM) have attracted more and more concern from both industry and academia. To add value with KM, we need KMS, which involve the application of IT systems and other organizational resources to manage knowledge strategically, are a relatively recent phenomenon. The goal of this research is to find the significant factors that link with KMS use and individual performance by using diamond model and contingency theory, which emphasizes the importance of fit. We combine with three distinct factors of compatibility, including (1) Technology - Task Compatibility (2) Technology - People Compatibility (3) Technology - Organization Compatibility, to mold an integrated model. An empirical survey methodology is applied to test the research model and seven hypotheses are developed in this study, and then we use PLS to analyze it. The results reveal that Technology-Task compatibility contributes most to the use of KMS. It implies that KMS should fulfill the task needs of users, and therefore, people will use more functions of the KM systems frequently. Besides, Technology-People compatibility has similar effect on the use of KMS. This suggests that it will enhance the usage if the KMS is more compatible with users¡¦ past experience and value. We also found that Technology - Organization compatibility has least impact on usage, but it still needed to take into consideration and worthy to discuss in the future research. In sum, unlike much prior research that has focused on only a limited aspect of compatibility, we provide a more comprehensive conceptual definition that disaggregates the content of compatibility into three distinct and separable constructs and the findings of this study provides some suggestions for the KMS research.