Humans naturally communicate, but choose to use tools. They use them to make sense of things, even to their own detriment and the detriment of others. These tools often receive the attention, instead of the human interaction. Aristotle's notion of humans as social animals has been carried into media ecology scholarship by Arendt, Burke, Ellul, Mumford, Postman, and Ricoeur. Social media scholarship has often focused on the tool and how it affects humanity. However, a phenomenological approach is necessary, as humans communicate with or without these tools. This approach will follow multiple steps. The first is through an understanding of the historical lens of civic discourse from antiquity to contemporary society. The second step is to examine why Aristotle's concept of ethos still matters in social media. The third step warns how social media could be shaped into a “knack” environment and lead to a synthetic ethos. The fourth step analyzes how interpersonal communication interacts with social media, as well as how a noble friendship can be established in social media. The fifth step exposes how humanity is unfortunately using technology to revise modernism in a postmodern age. The sixth step details how humans can reconcile social media-in-itself with social media-for-itself. This multi-step approach seeks to understand how social media fit in humanity, and also how humans fit in social media. These steps puts a focus on humans having choice and free will, and thus, responsibility. The approach in this document is more concerned with understanding the medium and then understanding how choice affects human action and direction. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Communication and Rhetorical Studies / PhD; / Dissertation;

This thesis examines German philosopher Martin Heidegger’s concepts of being and time, the role of language in being, and ways of authentic being through the lens of modern media practices in the Information Age. It relates Heidegger’s philosophy to the media ecology theory introduced by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s by exploring McLuhan’s themes of tribal, typographical and electronic man. In addition, this thesis considers the role of mass media in information dissemination. The goal of this report is to explicate the shaping effects of mass media, especially social media, on individual perceptions and societal culture and identify ways in which such shaping affects authentic ways of being.

Technology plays a significant role in society and in entertainment. People hold an ambivalent attitude about technology that is often illustrated in science fiction films. Much like myth telling stories to teach a lesson, science fiction films caution viewers of the effects of powerful technology usage in culture today. This thesis examines X-Men to show how relevant principles found in myth continue to be relevant to media consumption. Using media ecology to inform the reader about the technological environment (Mumford, 1944), this analysis of technology portrayed in X-Men shows the implications real world technology, such as radiation, weapons, and artificial intelligence, has on contemporary society. Using mythical criticism to analyze the myth of Prometheus in modern day, this thesis shows that with proper accountability, technology may eventually be a tool unbound from the fear it generates. X-Men evaluates the natural human fear that comes from technology including, fear of fusion, fear of defeat, and fear of technological agency overcoming the human agent (Rushing and Frentz, 1989, but instead of leaving us hopeless, X-Men shows that technology can help society progress despite its potential for destruction.

Radio’s first fifteen years were filled with experiment and innovation, as well as conflicting visions of what broadcasting’s role in society ought to be. But while there was an ongoing debate about radio’s mission (should it be mainly educational or mainly entertaining?), radio’s impact on daily life was undeniable. To cite a few examples, radio was the first mass medium to provide access to current events as they were happening. It allowed people of all races and social classes to hear great orators, newsmakers, and entertainers. Radio not only brought hit songs and famous singers directly into the listener’s home; it also created a new form of intimacy based on imagination -- although the listeners generally had never met the men and women they heard on the air, they felt close to these people and imagined what they must really be like. Radio was a medium that enhanced the importance of the human voice-- vii politicians, preachers, and performers were now judged by their ability to communicate with the “invisible audience.” My dissertation employs a media ecology perspective to examine how the arrival and growth of radio altered a media environment that, until 1920, was dominated by the printed word. Neil Postman, a seminal figure in Media Ecology, wrote that this field of inquiry “looks into the matter of how media of communication affect human perception, understanding, feeling, and value.” Radio certainly exemplified that description: it not only affected popular culture and public opinion; it affected the other media with which it competed. My research utilizes one of those competing media-- print journalism. Using content and discourse analysis of articles in thirty-three newspapers and sixteen magazines of the 1920s and early 1930s, I examine how print and radio interacted and affected each other. My dissertation also analyzes the differing perceptions about radio as expressed in print by fans, reporters, and such interest groups as clergy or educators. And finally, my research explores some of the critiques of the programs, and compares the reactions of the critics at the mainstream press with those who worked for the ethnic press.

A interface entre Ciências da Comunicação e Educação no contemporâneo conectado se situa no limiar do ponto de inflexão epistêmico da sociologia em direção à ciência das associações. Esse fenômeno evidencia ecologias midiáticas que abrigam e promovem o desenvolvimento das Literacias Digitais, de Mídia e de Informação (MIL). Entre os meandros da rotina de hábitos tecnológicos da sociedade hiperconectada, a população brasileira vive inédita intersecção de cinco gerações. Estima-se que dos 208 milhões de brasileiros, 17,6 milhões são adolescentes e jovens com idade entre 15 e 18 anos - que deveriam estar no ensino médio - a fase final da educação básica, com a prerrogativa constitucional de garantir a autonomia do cidadão. Nesse contexto, a escola tenta, em sua institucionalidade tradicional e secular, manter os estudantes em sala de aula e formá-los sob a expectativa do exercício da cidadania sob a garantia de uma titulação. Este trabalho se propôs a realizar uma netnografia que se dedicou a estudar o comportamento comunicacional de 1,68 mil estudantes do ensino médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina (IFSC), com o objetivo de descrever sua ecologia midiática em vivências de rua e de aprendizagem formal e informal. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental, exploratória e de campo, esta última conjugando técnicas de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS), observação participante e grupos focais. Para a sistematização e interpretação dos resultados, utilizou-se do procedimento de análise de conteúdo. A ecologia midiática cotidiana emersa dos resultados desta netnografia mostra-se dominada pelos usos do smartphone, pela persistência de mídias analógicas como o caderno, o livro e a apostila e por raras preferências de uso do computador portátil para algumas tarefas de produção textual (a televisão, o videogame e o computador de mesa se entrelaçam num cluster de pouca recorrência). Os conteúdos desta ecologia midiática foram analisados em três categorias que se destacaram: utilidade pública, humor e romance. Se observada a interação em sala de aula, o slide é a fonte mais citada para preparação às provas. Como resultado, na perspectiva da educação formal, a tese sinaliza que os adolescentes e jovens, estudantes do ensino médio, têm um percurso cognitivo diverso daquele prescrito nos currículos da escola e, por isso, lançam mão de estratégias de aprendizagem não formal. De um lado, a prática educacional observada privilegia conteúdos e verificação imediata de sua assimilação. De outro, os aprendizes têm expectativas e buscam aquilo que as demandas do mundo do trabalho requisitam - domínios avançados das MIL. Existe nessa diáspora um sistema que incentiva o conhecimento teórico - o domínio discursivo - em detrimento da valorização de uma rede de experiências, do saber fazer orientado à solução de problemas. / The interface between Communication Sciences and Education in the connected contemporary is situated at the threshold of the epistemic inflection point of sociology towards the science of associations. This phenomenon evidences media ecologies that foster and promote the development of Digital Literacies, Media and Information (MIL). In the technological routine of the hyperconnected society, the Brazilian population lives unprecedented intersection of five generations. Brazil has 208 million people and 17.6 million are adolescents and young people between the ages of 15 and 18 - who should have been in high school - the last stage of basic education, with the constitutional prerogative to give citizenship autonomy. In this context, the school tries, in its traditional and secular institutionality, to keep the students in the classroom with the promise of a degree. This netnographic research was dedicated to study the communication behavior of 1,68 thousand high school students of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC). The central objective was to describe their media ecology in the experiences between home and school in the formal and informal learning. The study had bibliographical, documentary, exploratory and field research, articulated techniques of Social Network Analysis (ARS), participant observation and focus groups. For the systematization and interpretation of the results, the content analysis procedure was used. The results present a daily media ecology dominated by the use of smartphones. The data indicate for the persistence of analogue media such as the notebook, the book and the handbook and by rare preferences of use of the portable computer for some tasks of textual production (television, videogame and desktop computer form a cluster with little recurrence). Three categories of contents of this media ecology were highlighted: public utility, humor and romance. In classroom interaction, the slide is the most cited source for preparation for the tests. As a result, from a formal education perspective, this thesis indicates that adolescents and young people, high school students, have a cognitive route different from that prescribed in the school curriculum and, therefore, make use of non-formal learning strategies. On the other hand, the educational practice observed emphasizes content and verification of your immediate assimilation. Whereas, apprentices have expectations and seek what the demands of the working world order - advanced domains of MIL. There is, then, a system that favours and practice theoretical knowledge - the discursive domain - against the development of a network of experiences, know-how problem solving-oriented.

Submitted by LAÍS AKEMI MARGADONA (laisakemi.ma@gmail.com) on 2018-05-28T18:25:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL - 2018 (Pós-Defesa).pdf: 14288738 bytes, checksum: b2a31b6757140f2a6c7acc0c57c0d969 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-05-28T18:51:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 margadona_la_me_bauru.pdf: 14288738 bytes, checksum: b2a31b6757140f2a6c7acc0c57c0d969 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T18:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 margadona_la_me_bauru.pdf: 14288738 bytes, checksum: b2a31b6757140f2a6c7acc0c57c0d969 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise dos principais canais em que as fotografias dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 foram veiculadas dentro do rico ecossistema midiático contemporâneo, de modo a estabelecer debates e discussões. A escolha do objeto foi devido à profusão de meios de publicação das fotografias: mídias como o Google+, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat e Twitter; websites oficiais; websites de notícias, esportes e entretenimento; revistas e jornais digitais; bancos de imagens e agências de notícias; transmissões televisivas e aplicativos oficiais do evento. A Ecologia dos Meios foi um arcabouço teórico capaz de contemplar os diversos aspectos do contexto em que a fotografia foi produzida e partilhada. A metodologia consistiu em: revisão bibliográfica, definição de canais digitais em que os registros fotográficos foram inseridos, coleta qualitativa de imagens, monitoramento de hashtags no Instagram, compilação de infográficos e estatísticas realizados por agências e sites de tecnologia e entretenimento e por fim, desenvolvimento de discussões por meio dos dados coletados. A dissertação está estruturada em três principais eixos: base teórica, eixo prático e discussões advindas da coleta das imagens, unida à pesquisa teórica. Como resultado, propomos oferecer um panorama da produção fotográfica nos Jogos Rio 2016, bem como levantar discussões e debates sobre a fotografia no ecossistema midiático e oferecer materiais teóricos e fotográficos para pesquisas posteriores. / This work intends to present an analysis of the main channels in which the Rio 2016 Olympic Games photographs were shared in the rich contemporary media ecosystem, in order to establish debates and discussions. This object was chosen due to the profusion of photo publishing media, such as Google+, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat and Twitter; official websites; sports, news and entertainment websites; digital magazines and newspapers; image banks and news agencies; television broadcasts; official event applications. The Media Ecology studies were a theoretical framework capable of contemplating the various aspects of the context in which the photographs were produced and shared. The methodology consisted in bibliographic revision, definition of digital channels in which the photographic records were inserted, qualitative image gathering, research of Instagram hashtags, compilation of statistics made by technology agencies and entertainment websites and development of discussions through the collected data. This dissertation is structured in three main sections: theoretical basis, practical part and discussions developed with the image gathering and theoretical research. As a result, we propose to offer a panorama of the photographic production in Rio 2016 Olympics and material for later researches, as well as to raise discussions and debates on the photography in the media ecosystem

I denna undersökning studeras hur digitala verktyg används på två högstadieskolor i årskurs 8 och hur dessa verktyg möjligtvis kan inverka på elevers musikskapande. Undersökningen är av kvalitativ art och grundar sig på deltagande observationer och semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer i projekt där elever på olika sätt skapar musik med digitala verktyg. Den genomsyras av ett medieekologiskt- och sociokulturellt perspektiv där empiri grundar sig på utsagor och erfarenheter från tio observationstillfällen och sex intervjuer. I undersökningen framkommer det att digitala verktyg används sällan och i begränsad omfattning i musikundervisningen på de två skolorna. Digitala verktyg erbjuder en direktlänk mellan det klingande ljudet och den visuella representationen, något som ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. Framstående i resultatet är också att flera av eleverna upplever att teknologin på olika sätt står i vägen för dem i musikskapandet. Undersökningen visar också att användandet av digitala verktyg skapar nya förutsättningar för musikskapande och samarbete och att teknologin möjliggör ett mer individanpassat musikskapande som motiverar fler elever. När vi använder digitala verktyg för att skapa, spara och kommunicera ett musikaliskt budskap visar undersökningen att eleverna blir beroende av dessa verktyg för att klara uppgiften. Tillgången till teknologin blir på så vis en förutsättning för att eleverna ska lyckas. Forskningsresultatet visar även att uppgiften som eleverna får inverkar och styr i deras val av produktioner, något som är avgörande för huruvida eleverna uppfattar de digitala verktygen som hjälpmedel i musikskapandet. Både lärare och elever i denna undersökning beskriver en rädsla och oro för en undervisning allt för präglad av digitala verktyg. De menar att det skulle minska utrymmet för ensemblespel och ta bort känslan i musiken som de får från att spela riktiga instrument tillsammans med andra.

Submitted by Liliane de Lucena Ito (lilianedelucena@gmail.com) on 2018-10-15T11:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_final_repositorio.pdf: 6224558 bytes, checksum: 4e9fcaea3e93aa2aa3bbce93bf53c143 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-10-15T13:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ito_ll_dr_bauru.pdf: 6073688 bytes, checksum: cf0b980579bdf50dbffa534004117b93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-15T13:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ito_ll_dr_bauru.pdf: 6073688 bytes, checksum: cf0b980579bdf50dbffa534004117b93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Inserida no contexto do jornalismo em sua etapa pós-industrial, a reportagem é um dos gêneros que se transforma quando publicada na web, apesar de visíveis permanências em relação aos suportes de publicação predecessores. Aqui, o enfoque se dá nas transformações. Estas ocorrem na esfera da mensagem em si, uma vez que hipertextualidade e convergência alteram significativamente a apresentação informativa, resultando na hipermídia, linguagem naturalmente ajustada ao meio Internet; bem como ocorrem no plano dos arranjos produtivos, em que novas configurações de equipes e rotinas diferenciadas de trabalho se revelam presentes, estando intrinsecamente relacionadas tanto ao cenário atual no qual se encontram as empresas de mídia quanto aos próprios imperativos da hipermídia. Aliado a isso, diante do variado ecossistema midiático contemporâneo, deve-se reiterar que as transformações também estão presentes na etapa de recepção das mensagens, levando, em alguns casos, à elaboração por parte de usuários participativos, pós-recepção, de críticas sobre a mídia. Estas, por sua vez, podem retornar à esfera da produção, provocando direcionamentos diversos; bem como influenciar a própria etapa da recepção de mensagens, algo que vai ao encontro da ideia de que vivemos, hoje, numa sociedade midiatizada. Assim, sob um olhar sistêmico e relacional, considera-se que a partir do objeto de pesquisa – a reportagem hipermídia – desvelam-se inter-relações até então inéditas entre emissor, mensagem, receptor e produções do receptor. A articulação entre Midiatização e a Ecologia dos Meios compõe a base teórica da tese. Para a etapa empírica, selecionou-se a série semanal de reportagens TAB, publicada pelo portal brasileiro UOL, no período que vai de outubro de 2014 até outubro de 2017. Cada esfera investigada exigiu o uso de diferentes ferramentas metodológicas, como a observação sistematizada (investigação sobre a mensagem), a entrevista em profundidade (para a obtenção de dados sobre o sistema emissor), e a análise de dispositivos de crítica midiática (investigação sobre o consumo e seus desdobramentos). O objetivo principal da tese é construir repertório teórico sobre a consolidação da reportagem hipermídia mediante a ótica da complexidade, a partir da articulação do objeto a fatores externos, de ordem macrossocial; bem como às inter-relações entre as diferentes etapas do ciclo da reportagem hipermídia (da produção às respostas sociais). Alguns dos principais resultados indicam que a valoração da inovação – em seu aspecto econômico e social – é essencial para o estabelecimento da reportagem hipermídia enquanto formato jornalístico. Este, entretanto, é comumente “fechado”, fazendo com que sejam necessárias estratégias de distribuição transmídia para ampliar a circulação do conteúdo das reportagens a mídias sociais, por exemplo. A análise das respostas sociais referentes a tais estratégias transmídia revelou, entretanto, deficiências notáveis no processo de recepção, uma vez que variados níveis de entendimento partilham espaços comuns de interação, configurando subsistemas de recepção transmídia distintos e, muitas vezes, díspares. / The report when inserted in the context of journalism in your post-industrial stage, is one of the genres that turns when published on the web, although visible permanence in relation to publication media predecessors. Here, the focus is on the transformations. These transformations occur in the sphere of the message itself, since hypertextuality and convergence significantly alter the informative presentation, resulting in hypermedia, language naturally adapted to the Internet environment; as well as they occur in the plan of productive arrangements, where new configurations of teams and differentiated work routines are present, being intrinsically related to both the current scenario in which the media companies and the hypermedia imperatives meet. Allied to this, in view of the varied contemporary media ecosystem, it must be reiterated that the transformations are also present in the stage of receiving the messages, leading, in some cases, to the elaboration by participatory users, post-reception, of criticism about the media. These criticism can return to the sphere of production, provoking diverse directions; as well as influencing the stage of the reception of messages, something that meets the idea that we live today in a mediatized society. Thus, under a systemic and relational view, it is considered that from the research object - the hypermedia report - uncovered interrelations previously unpublished between emitter, message, receiver and receiver productions. The articulation between Mediatization and Media Ecology composes the theoretical basis of the thesis. For the empirical stage, the weekly series of TAB reports, published by the brazilian portal UOL, was selected in the period from October 2014 until October 2017. Each sphere investigated required the use of different methodological tools, such as systematized observation (investigation of the message), the in-depth interview (to obtain data about the sending system), and the analysis of media critical devices (research on consumption and its developments). The main objective of the thesis is to construct a theoretical repertoire about the consolidation of the hypermedia report through the optics of complexity, from the articulation of the object to external factors, of macrossocial order; as well as the interrelationships between the different stages of the hypermedia reporting cycle (from production to social responses). Some of the main results indicate that the valuation of innovation - in its economic and social aspect - is essential for the establishment of hypermedia reports as a journalistic format. This, however, is commonly "closed", making transmedia strategies of distribution necessary to extend the circulation of the content of the reports to social media, for example. The analysis of social responses to such transmedia strategies has, however, revealed notable shortcomings in the reception process, since different levels of understanding share common spaces of interaction, configuring distinct and often disparate transmedia reception subsystem. / CAPES 001

Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, journalists have the challenging task of gathering and distributing accurate information. Journalists exist as a part of an ecology in which their work influences and is influenced by the environment that surrounds it. Using the framework of disaster communication ecology, this study explores the discursive construction of journalism during the COVID-19 crisis. To understand this process in the field of journalism, we unpacked discourses concerning the coronavirus pandemic collected from interviews with journalists during the pandemic and from the U.S. journalism trade press using the Discourses of Journalism Database. Through discourse analysis, we discovered that during COVID-19 journalists discursively placed themselves in a responsible but vulnerable position within the communication ecology—not solely as a result of the pandemic but also from environmental conditions that long preceded it. Journalists found their reporting difficult during the pandemic and sought to mitigate the forces challenging their work as they sought to reverse the flow of misinformation.