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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Alguns autores apontam o sumiÃo do termo âimperialismoâ dos debates polÃticos contemporÃneos. Este conceito retorna à cena principalmente com a entrada americana na Guerra do Iraque e a luta proclamada por Bush contra o terrorismo. No entanto seu significado nÃo mais guardaria relaÃÃo com as bases econÃmicas da estrutura social, sendo agora utilizado na sua concepÃÃo do sÃculo XIX, onde era visto como uma grande missÃo civilizadora. Prova disso à a publicaÃÃo da obra ImpÃrio, de Negri e Hardt, onde seus autores apontam que o imperialismo acabara e que o mundo hoje seria dominado por uma nova forma denominada ImpÃrio. O que percebemos à que as diversas tentativas de extinguir o conceito de imperialismo nÃo se mostraram fecundas para a interpretaÃÃo da realidade dinÃmica do capitalismo atual. Para nÃs o imperialismo à algo imanente ao capitalismo e a compreensÃo da moderna lÃgica de desenvolvimento do capital perpassa pelo entendimento dos diversos mecanismos imperialistas utilizados pelos paÃses centrais de se apropriar da riqueza dos paÃses perifÃricos garantindo assim a manutenÃÃo tanto de sua posiÃÃo de hegemon quanto o prÃprio processo de reproduÃÃo da ordem sÃcio- metabÃlica do capital. Nossa hipÃtese à que a manutenÃÃo hodierna do sistema monetÃrio internacional, sob a forma do padrÃo dÃlar flexÃvel, cria um ambiente extremamente propÃcio para a reproduÃÃo do capital por parte da naÃÃo hegemÃnica, no caso os Estados Unidos, atravÃs da apropriaÃÃo das riquezas dos paÃses perifÃricos, tornando -se esse o cerne da natureza imperialista contemporÃnea / Some authors note the disappearance of the term "imperialism" of contemporary political debates. This concept returns to the scene especially with the American entry into the Iraq war and Bush proclaimed fight against terrorism. However its meaning no longer holds any relationship to the economic basis of social structure, now being used in their conception of the nineteenth century, where it was seen as a great civilizing mission. What we perceive is that the various attempts to extinguish the concept of i mperialism were not fruitful for the interpretation of the dynamic reality of contemporary capitalism. Our hypothesis is that the maintenance of the international monetary system today, in the form of the floating dollar standard, creates an environment hi ghly conducive to the reproduction of capital by the hegemonic nation, where the United States, through the appropriation of the wealth of the peripheral countries , becoming the core of the contemporary imperialist nature.

This thesis argues that the First Nations and their material culture have been used as tropes in the construction of national symbols on Canadian money. The twenty dollar bill from the 2004 series of Canadian banknotes, Canadian Journeys, was the impetus for this inquiry. The art of Bill Reid is featured on this banknote. Reid is an artist who identifies, on his mother's side, with the Haida First Nations and his art takes its themes and style from the Haida crest imagery. The implications of utilizing a First Nations artist on a Canadian banknote becomes problematic when considering the antagonistic historical relationship Canada has had with the First Nations and the multiplicity of unresolved land claims. Therefore, I ask, how this Bill Reid banknote should be read. In answering this question I have divided this thesis into three parts. First, I analyze a historical precedent for this contemporary banknote. The 1870 two dollar bill is useful for it both gives an example of the use of First Nations as a trope in representing the nation and it helps expose the importance of money as a national symbol at the time when Canada was struggling to come together as a modern nation. In the next section I analyze the Bill Reid bill as both a part of a symbolic construction of nation and as a material practice which has regional or territorial implications. In the final section I argue that Bill Reid utilized the language commonly used for colonial justification to elevate his own practice. While carving out a market for his work Reid helped to reify nationally accepted histories concerning the First Nations—namely that they are culturally dead. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

This dissertation investigates patterns of financial exchange in Ukrainian couples. While previous studies of money management focus on the physical organization of money in the home—e.g. pooled, independent, partially pooled—I focus on the meaning of money in exchange and explore how patterns of exchange become legitimized in the home. Drawing on data from 110 in-depth interviews with married and cohabiting individuals, I advance a theory of gendered money and demonstrate how couples give special symbolic meaning to men’s money in domestic exchanges. Unlike earlier perspectives on gender and money such as resource theories and gender performance, this framework acknowledges money as a prop and tool that couples use to construct gender boundaries and signal normalcy in the marital relationship. Integrating concepts from economic sociology with Hochschild’s insights on the symbolism of domestic labor, I find that Ukrainians use money as a token and symbol of value, not as a commodity with which to obtain desired outcomes. By spending men’s money on "necessary" items and avoiding accessing women’s money in the household, couples construct men’s money as both visible and valuable while rendering women’s money non-fungible. Partners adopt the financial practices that feel comfortable and gender-appropriate, even when women earn more than their husbands. Building on this framework of gendered money, I problematize the concept of a gender "ideology" by arguing that gender beliefs do not always drive financial practices in ways anticipated by gender scholars. Using Swidler's toolkit theory of culture to better understand the duality of gender beliefs and gender structures, I argue that not all gender beliefs can be conceptualized as "ideological." I explore how many of my respondents were inconsistent in the ways they discussed gender and fairness in the home. These inconsistencies provide evidence that individuals can be highly flexible in the ways they legitimize their domestic exchanges. This flexibility creates dilemmas for individuals who desire to change their strategies of action over time. Specifically, I give examples of women’s thwarted desires—respondents who wanted to align their practices with their beliefs but could not due to the lack of cooperation from their partner. I conclude that practices need not always match articulated beliefs; moreover, particular patterns of exchange are culturally entrenched and difficult to displace. Lastly, I analyze how money and labor are symbolically exchanged in the home. I argue that power asymmetries occur when one partner must exert more labor to engage in an otherwise “equal” exchange with their partner.

Doctor Legum - LLD / The international legal framework on money laundering encourages states to put in place effective systems for the identification, freezing, seizure and forfeiture of proceeds and instrumentalities of crime. While the international legal framework obligates countries to adopt conviction-based forfeiture (criminal forfeiture), it only encourages them to consider adopting non-conviction based asset forfeiture (civil forfeiture). This has led to a situation where countries, such as Malawi, adopt only criminal forfeiture and not civil forfeiture. This study analyses the efficiency of the existing Malawian criminal forfeiture regime in curbing and preventing the proliferation of underlying profit-generating crimes and money laundering. This thesis contends, in part, that some countries have not adopted civil forfeiture because there is no international obligation to do so. It argues that the fact that states are not obligated to adopt civil forfeiture by international legal frameworks and national arrangements undermines the deterrent aim of the anti-money laundering and asset forfeiture systems in combating economic crimes. Some justify the casual approach to civil forfeiture by arguing that its implementation harbours the danger of violating human rights and constitutional guarantees. This thesis, however, advocates for the adoption of civil forfeiture within the limits of John Locke’s social contract theory, which guides states on how they can pursue policies and implement laws without limiting the rights of their people arbitrarily.

The aim of this work is to describe progaming scene development since its beginings till present days. Also I would like to focus to progaming importance for current world. To achieve this goal I analyse individual years since 1997 till 2016 and I sumarize state of the current progaming scene. In this work I describe professional players chracteristics and I also describe various game types, some individual games, competitions, tournaments... In analysed years there are described prize money, players counts in tournaments and coutnry origins of players. In conclusion there is shown development of these statistics in the whole analysed period of time. Outcome of the statistics development in time is detailed overview of progaming scene including its current importance.

The credit channel and its significance in the monetary policy transmission mechanism has been a point of contention among policy makers and economists for many years. In the early stages of this debate the monetarist view shaped thinking on the topic and cultivated the belief that the money supply is exogenously determined and that commercial banks playa minor role in the monetary transmission process. However, over the years, the credit view presented by Bernanke and Blinder (1988) has gained momentum. In contrast to the monetarist view, the credit view abandons the assumption of perfect substitutability and argues that due to their credit provision activities, financial institutions playa significant role in the transmission of monetary policy. The credit channel consists of two sub channels, the bank lending and balance sheet channels. In both, deposits drive loans and changes in monetary policy are effected through interest rates and their impact on borrowers' balance sheets, bank reserves, bank deposits and ultimately the quantity of bank loans supplied. Disyatat (2010) re-examines the conventional view and presents an argument against the foundation upon which the theories are based. Using this as a basis, and motivated by the vast amount of empirical literature that already exists on this topic, both in South Africa and abroad, this research provides a theoretical analysis of the credit channel and its relative importance in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The exogenous/endogenous nature of money supply is considered and its implications for the existence and operation of the credit channel set out. It is found that, in order for a credit channel to operate efficiently in an economy, money supply should be endogenously determined. Moreover, a theoretical argument supporting Disyatat's (2010) revised credit channel is presented; it is concluded that, with a slight variation to Disyatat's proposed model, a single, unified channel exists.

While previous research has examined the effect of income on happiness, we suggest that how people spend their money may be as important for their well-being as how much they earn. Specifically, we hypothesized that spending money on others may have a more positive impact on well-being than spending money on oneself. We found converging evidence for this hypothesis in a nationally representative survey (Study 1), a longitudinal study of windfall spending (Study 2), and an experimental study in which participants were randomly assigned to spend money on themselves or others (Study 3). We also found that people believe that spending on themselves, as opposed to others, will make them happier (Study 4) and that happier people were more likely to spend on others and experience higher happiness as result (Study 5). These results demonstrate that spending money on others may facilitate the translation of wealth into well-being. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The Canadian proceeds of crime provisions, Part XTJ.2 of the Criminal Code, are targeted at enterprises that are motivated by the desire to generate profit and accumulate wealth from criminal activity. The main purpose of Part XII.2 is to provide the police and prosecution with powerful new tools to attach the proceeds of crime, and the courts with the power to forfeit such proceeds. This thesis will examine how, in recognition of the procedural and substantive problems with this legislation and in contrast to American legislation, Parliament included numerous provisions to balance such extensive powers. The balancing mechanisms included a provision that allows reasonable legal fees to be paid out of seized or restrained property that is alleged to be proceeds and another that requires an in camera session to be held without the presence of the Attorney General, to determine the reasonableness of such fees. The Parliamentary record explicitly demonstrates that the balancing provisions were meant to ensure that the pre-trial restraint and potential forfeiture of property would withstand Charter challenges, especially with regard to an accused's rights to counsel, fair trial and full answer and defence. In this thesis I will analyze the complexities of proceeds litigation and demonstrate how this necessitates adequate legal representation to ensure that an accused's Charter rights are protected. This thesis explores in depth how Parliament recognized the need for balancing mechanisms that permit funds to be released for an accused to retain private counsel. However, these mechanisms have been significantly narrowed by subsequent judicial interpretation. A result of this line of authority is that defence work in the proceeds area has become very difficult. If reasonable legal fees are not taken from seized proceeds, provincial legal aid plans will have to provide for appropriate counsel. This may not be a realistic option given the funding of these plans and their stated objection to funding proceeds cases. Therefore, in this thesis I will argue that if private counsel must be retained the right to counsel could be effectively forfeited, unless a portion of the seized or restrained assets are released for reasonable legal fees. This thesis will attempt to provide a coherent basis for future interpretation of the Part XII.2 provisions that affect legal fees. The approach taken will incorporate the competing interests of accused persons and the State without undermining the objectives of the legislation. This thesis will focus on Canadian legislation and jurisprudence, but will also have a comparative component that examines how these issues have been dealt with in Australia, England and the United States. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

The thesis analyses in detail the relationship between the money stock defined by money aggregates M1 and M2 and the real GDP in the Czech Republic for period between 1996 and 2015. A long-term relationship between the real GDP and the money aggregate is not found using quarterly time series data. These conclusions are in accordance with the economic theory which does not confirm that money affects level of the real GDP in the long run. Short-term relationship between given variables is also analysed. Results indicate that the growth rate of the money aggregate M1 statistically significantly affects the growth rate of the real GDP in the same direction which is in line with monetary theories of business cycle. On the other hand, any statistically significant relationship for the money aggregate M2 is not found which speaks in favour of the Real Business Cycle theory. The Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition accepted by New Classical Macroeconomists is also tested in the thesis. The issue is investigated for the whole period and subsequently for shorter time from 2000 to 2015 where the uniform monetary policy is applied. Results for the money aggregate M1 imply that expected changes in the growth rate of M1 play important role in the money-output relationship which is consistent with the New Keynesian Macroeconomic theory. Considering the shorter period of time, Lucas' theory seems to be more appropriate explanation. Outcomes for the aggregate M2 provide mixed conclusions which support rather the Real Business Cycle theory. At the end of the thesis, there is a section devoted to the quasi money (one of M2 aggregate components) as a possible source of mixed results.