The U.S.-Japan Security Alliance was the foundation of the United States' bilateral alliance system during the Cold War. The alliance suffered severe strains in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War primarily due to the loss of its primary mission, containment of Soviet expansion. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 breathed new life into the alliance. Japan quickly joined in the anti-terrorism coalition, providing logistical support to U.S. forces involved in the War on Terrorism. North Korea's October 2002 admission of a covert nuclear weapons program also changed the strategic dynamic for Japan, pushing it towards "normal" nation status. Multilateralism in Asia developed a life of its own during the 1990's. Numerous multilateral organizations were created to help resolve regional security issues. China is attempting to use multilateral security forums as a means to balance against U.S. regional power. Japan also proposed developing a new multilateral security regime in the Asia-Pacific. This thesis examines issues related to the future of the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance and the possible emergence of a new multilateral security regime in the Asia-Pacific. The United States should enhance the U.S.- Japan Security and lead the way on developing a new multilateral security regime for the Asia-Pacific. / US Navy (USN) author.

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

The thesis analyses the development of German strategic culture since the end of the Cold War. Since the end of the Cold War, Germany has participated in several international military interventions, for example in Kosovo and Afghanistan. This marked a departure from Germany's strategic behaviour during the Cold War, when the country pursued a foreign policy of military restraint. The dominant view in Germany at the time was that the gross human rights violations committed by the Nazi regime during the Second World War stipulated the need for the country to be a responsible international player. Responsibility was interpreted as a moral imperative to refrain from any military action abroad, and it formed an essential part of German strategic culture. The change in German strategic behaviour after the end of the Cold War thus poses the question as to why Germany changed its behaviour, and how this change has been facilitated in German strategic culture. To understand the post-Cold War change in Germany's strategic behaviour, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of change. The thesis sheds lights on these mechanisms by utilising a strategic culture approach. It argues that German executive decision-makers have incrementally modified German strategic culture in response to a changing strategic environment by utilising a human rights narrative. Instead of interpreting responsibility as an imperative for military restraint, the notion of responsibility was reframed as an imperative for protecting human rights abroad. Thus, the reconfiguration of German strategic culture rendered military intervention a justifiable instrument of German foreign policy. German Federal President Joachim Gauck epitomised this reconfiguration when, in 2014, he demanded that in the 'fight for human rights or the survival of innocent human beings, it is sometimes necessary to take up arms'.

This comparative legal analysis evaluates the issue of terrorism and how it has been dealt with respectively by the United States and Israeli Supreme Courts. Since the events of 9/11, combating terrorism has become one of the primary concerns of the US government while it is a matter that has pervaded Israeli policy since its birth as a nation-state. The analysis is centered on examining how each state‘s Supreme Court has confronted the issue with the Israeli Supreme Court using a ―Business as Usual‖ model and the US taking an ―Emergency Powers‖ approach. It is argued that terrorism is an ongoing issue that cannot be justified as an emergency and the US Court would do better in adopting Israel‘s method of adjudication in these matters. It is also suggested that the US could learn from Israel‘s policy towards torture as the US policy has largely been cruel and unsuccessful.

This comparative legal analysis evaluates the issue of terrorism and how it has been dealt with respectively by the United States and Israeli Supreme Courts. Since the events of 9/11, combating terrorism has become one of the primary concerns of the US government while it is a matter that has pervaded Israeli policy since its birth as a nation-state. The analysis is centered on examining how each state‘s Supreme Court has confronted the issue with the Israeli Supreme Court using a ―Business as Usual‖ model and the US taking an ―Emergency Powers‖ approach. It is argued that terrorism is an ongoing issue that cannot be justified as an emergency and the US Court would do better in adopting Israel‘s method of adjudication in these matters. It is also suggested that the US could learn from Israel‘s policy towards torture as the US policy has largely been cruel and unsuccessful.

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This thesis tries to argue the important influence of culture and identity in national security studies, especially about Taiwan¡¦s security. In my viewpoint, culture and identity have become two powerful elements in security studies. In the Post-Cold War era, material factors are no longer the only base of national security. At the same time, the culture clash has become another potential factor that influences the national and international security. The 911 event offers the best example. Meanwhile, the Taiwan security environment is undergoing a great change. The military competition tendency between Taiwan and Mainland China becomes more and more dangerous. It seems that the elements of culture and norms haven¡¦t been taken into consider by Taiwan authorities upon how these elements could affect Taiwan¡¦s security. In this thesis, the viewpoint of constructivism on international relations theory has been chosen to survey how culture and identity factors influence Taiwan¡¦s security, and I try to figure out the influence of culture and identity in security research of international relations. Three main points of conclusion could be made: 1. Culture and identity have become important factors of national security. At the same time, the scholars of mainstream international theory (like neo-realism and neo-liberalism) have paid more attention to culture and identity research. 2. It is very important to combine cultural and material factors in national security research. An effective cultural strategy could improve the function of national security policy. 3. Taiwan administration has to think over the culture and identity factors¡¦influences upon Taiwan security. Although theses factors don¡¦t construct an immediate and clear threat, but in the future, theses factors may become a dangerous threat of national security. In the long run, they could even destroy the political power.

The purpose of this study is to explore the innovation of military service, and to find a system which not only meet the requirement of military establishment but defend the national security. The research adopts the comparative method and the document analysis method to analyze and compare the profile and characteristics of the service systems in the United States, Israel, Britain, and Germany. This study is expected to meet the needs of the armed forces for the future service system by applying the result. The results argue that the innovation of military service is the trend. Therefore, it is recommended that Taiwan take the mixed volunteer system, i.e., volunteer first, conscription aided, to maintain certain Taiwan military force in preventing the invasion from the mainland China. Thus, professional forces should be established, the quota of technology substitute service should be increased, and researchers should be cultivated, thus substantially promoting national defense forces. In addition, to comply with the principles of sexual equality and justice, and to meet the requirements of national defense, increasing the female service is also an important consideration and worthy of further studies for the future military service.

In the study of international relations, it has been all the time that ¡§security¡¨ means national security and military security. The topic of ¡§security¡¨ in early days was focused on how to avoid suffering from the external military attack. Under this concept structure, economy, culture, or ideology is considered to be the accessories under the military strategy, or a kind of tools to strengthen the military threat. Such practices and thinking are not only helpless to the settlement of the problem, but it is apt to face the security dilemma instead, and the development of education, culture, social welfare, economic construction, and environmental public security, etc. will be oppressed and restricted. Long time of the hostile state for the two sides of Mainland China and Taiwan, makes both sides all the time to construct stronger military force for national defense. However, how much security is really bought by spending huge number of money on national defense? And is it really safe by buying the military equipments? Is it really the security what we want? Is there no other ways to get security without military force to threaten? This thesis attempts to adopt critical study, and analyzes the four concepts of national security from David Baldwin: ¡§Security for whom?¡¨, ¡§Security for which values?¡¨, ¡§From what threat?¡¨, and ¡§By what means?¡¨ It also researches on the thinking of national security concept and different national defense policies in different periods after the government moving to Taiwan in 1949. It is hoped to find out the blind spot of the national security concept in Taiwan, and construct the security view that relies mainly on people.

­^¤åºK­n¡G The companies in Taiwan have invested rapidly in Mainland China from 90's. The trend of investment focus on IT industry. There are many capital to flow to China. On the other hand¡Athe problem of China's capital which flow to Taiwan is more and more serious. Under the regulation of WTO , Taiwan must face the problem of capital of China. The study is to research the flow of money in Taiwan and China. Finally it is evaluated the affection from the viewpoint of national security.