Thesis (M.A.)--Zhongguo wen hua xue yuan. / Cover title. Reproduced from typescript. Bibliography: p. 221-234.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-116). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Bibliography: leaves 210-216. / This dissertation seeks to expose comparatively the ideological, institutional and economic underpinnings which have contributed to evolving nationalisms within two dual societies, those being Canada and South Africa. It attempts to explain the parallel historical development of Afrikaner and French Canadian nationalisms as they contend with a hostile and dominant English element beholden to the Empire. Expansion and rebellion coincides with the advent of British colonialism as French Canadian and Afrikaner segments find their previously dominant positions reversed. Their rural, agrarianist, peripheral culture evolves in isolation from the increasingly metropolitan British core culture. Demographics are here determined in conjunction with the interplay of alien cultures including that of the indigenes. Ethnic pre-nationalist consciousness is assessed according to intergroup contact. Religion and its institutional accessories are then looked at as they contribute to an evolving consciousness. Fragmented cultures are firmly imbued with a religious character, and religioideological development adapts to new circumstances by preaching messianism, pre-destination as well as analogising the plight of their respective disciples with that of the ancient Israelites. The lines between temporal and heavenly matters are here smudged as Dutch Reformed and Catholic churches promote group enclosure mobilising members around core cultural and language issues so as to preserve clerical power.

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Thesis advisor: Gerald M. Easter / Thesis advisor: Margaret Thomas / Nationalism and national identity are abstract yet extremely powerful forces that can be at once a source of cohesion and faction. And a government’s ability to harness or rein-in these powers can be a crucial factor to its longevity, lest it be overcome by them on other fronts. These concepts—along with nation itself—are an amalgam of many elements that can include culture, economics, geography, history, language, politics, religion, etc., and the importance of a particular element can vary from group to group. In this dissertation, the focus is on the salience of language as an essential element of national identity, and the exploration of this topic has been done through an analysis of elementary language primers from 1941 through 1992 from the region known for a majority of that time as Yugoslavia. I argue that we can measure how important governments think language is as a component of a particular national identity by seeing how they treat and utilize—even instrumentalize—the language or languages spoken in their territory. This direct governmental use of language as a tool is particularly important in revealing how that government connects language to the national identity(-ies) in question. Certainly language policy and laws passed by a government to bolster or limit a particular language’s use can tell us a lot—in a very straightforward and overt way—about what that government sees as important; but, there is another more subtle—yet potentially more long-lasting—thing that can strengthen these efforts even further: teaching children. Looking at educational materials, in this case elementary language primers, can provide insight into what the government thinks is important with respect to its national identity. This analysis, done within a framework that focuses on three historical periods in the history and development of Yugoslavia, shows that governments do use language primers as a vehicle to promote and strengthen the nation, national identity, and national cohesion. We can be fairly confident that every book analyzed in this study was approved or published by the government where it was used; and, in each of the three historical periods that fall within the scope of this study, we see the goals of the state reflected in the language, content, and pedagogical methodology of the primers that were published during a given period. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 452-475). Also available on the Internet.

The purpose of this thesis is to make a critical interpretation of the nature and implications of anti-Confucianism in East Asian political thought by examining the works of two representative anti-Confucianists, Fukuzawa Yukichi and Yi Kwang-su. In terms of its historical significance, Anti-Confucianism can be said to be equivalent to enlightenment thought in eighteenth century, Europe. Yet notwithstanding its importance, there have been few detailed studies of Anti-Confucian thinkers. This study is an examination of the work of two of the most important anti- Confucianist thinkers - Fukuzawa Yukichi in Japan and Yi Kwang-su in Korea. These writers both sought to attack Confucianism in the light of Western political ideas. In doing so, they employed two cardinal Western political concepts: liberal individualism and nationalism. Their theories contributed to a two phased assault on Confucian values: in the first phase, liberal individualism was used to undermine the Confucian emphasis on the family. But while this first wave of opposition weakened Confucianism, it did not destroy it. The second wave of opposition- however, based on nationalism succeeded in redirecting Confucian collectivism into an illiberal nationalistic form. In the writings of both Fukuzawa and Yi this study traces the path of each of these assaults. In both theorists' work, liberal individualism gave way to nationalistic sentiments, thereby exemplifying and contributing to the currents running through their respective societies, Japan and Korea. The thesis has five chapters. The first two chapters are an introduction to the nature of Confucianism. In chapters three and chapter four, which respectively deal with Fukuzawwa,'s and Yi's anti-Confucianism, discussion centres around the following themes: their conceptions of liberal individualism and nationalism; how they reinterpreted Confucianism in the light of their conception of liberal individualism and nationalism, and how they attempted to reconcile the two different demands of liberal individualism and nationalism in their anti-Confucianism. The conclusion of the thesis is that Fukuzaw a's and Yi's anti-Confucianism failed, in that their association of liberal individualism with nationalism led to a jettisoning of the liberal individualism in their later life. This resulted in an insufficient challenge to the Confucian legacy and a constraint on the growth of liberal individualism in the two countries.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of History, August 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université René Descartes-Paris V, Faculté des sciences humaines et sociales, Sorbonne, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, p. 652-675).