Estimation of viscosities of naturally occurring petroleum gases provides the information needed to accurately work out reservoir-engineering problems. Existing models for viscosity prediction are limited by data, especially at high pressures and high temperatures. Studies show that the predicted viscosities of natural gases using the current correlation equations are about 15 % higher than the corresponding measured viscosities at high pressures and high temperatures. This project proposes to develop a viscosity prediction model for natural gases at high pressures and high temperatures. The project shows that commercial gas viscosity measurement devices currently available suffer from a variety of problems and do not give reliable or repeatable results. However, at the extremely high pressures encountered in high pressure and high temperature reservoirs, the natural gases consist mainly of methane as the hydrocarbon constituent and some non-hydrocarbon impurities. Available viscosity values of methane were used in the development of a correlation for predicting the viscosities of naturally occurring petroleum gases at high pressures and high temperatures. In the absence of measurements, this correlation can be used with some confidence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

On-line systems for monitoring mercury in liquid and gaseous production and waste streams have been developed, utilising atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) as the basis for detection. Instrumentation has been designed for unattended continuous operation. Laboratory chemistries for the vapour generation of mercury, normally performed off-line in batch mode, have been adapted and optimised for continuous, flow-injection analysis for varying sample types and chemical forms of mercury. The system has typical analysis cycle of 7 minutes, a limit of detection of 10 pg ml ˉ¹ a linear range up to 100 µg ml ˉ¹ and has been applied in industrial environments for the continuous monitoring of mercury in incineration wastewater and sulphuric acid. The system was validated by on-site trials for periods of one week, during which time comparative off-line laboratory measurements showed good agreement. An automated system for monitoring mercury in natural gas streams has also been developed and validated by laboratory and on-site industrial trials. A heated pressure let-down system was designed in order to facilitate sampling of high-pressure gas streams without condensation of heavier fractions. The heated sampling line was interfaced with an automated system for trapping mercury, from variable volumes of gas, onto gold amalgamation traps, with subsequent desorbtion and analysis by AFS. The method detection limit for a 58 litre sample of natural gas was 30 pg m ˉ³ which was sufficient to determine residual mercury in natural gas streams even after mercury scrubbing had been performed. The system was validated by laboratory trials and spiking experiments during on-site trials at a gas processing facility, which resulted in complete installation and commissioning.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1928. / Cover title. At head of title: Exhibit A.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 319-333).

Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Universität Berlin, 2005. / "Juli 2005"--P. [2] of cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-118). Also available via the World Wide Web.

This thesis examines the emerging health and safety regulatory regime in Ghana's nascent upstream petroleum industry putting it in context with the approaches that have evolved in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf and the United States Outer Continental Shelf. The thesis analyses the existing regulatory framework in Ghana in terms both of the architecture and of the orientation of health and safety regulation. As regards the regulatory architecture, it concludes that it is characterised by fragmented agencies under piecemeal legislation. This has resulted in regulatory overlap and lacunae. Also, the regulatory agencies including the emerging upstream regulator are saddled with conflicting missions of resource exploitation and oversight of health and safety. The thesis further demonstrates that these agencies lack decision making independence and therefore cannot provide the independence and visibility required for a robust health and safety regime. Whereas the current regulatory challenge faced by Ghana has been experienced previously in the UKCS and the US OCS, and steps have been taken there to resolve the problem of conflicting functions, the precise approach differs in each case. But the degree to which the principle of separating functions has been observed in each case may be said to correlate with the robustness of the regime in question. As regards regulatory orientation, the thesis concludes that each of the three jurisdictions examined adopts a different approach: Ghana's is basically self-regulatory while the US OCS approach is prescriptive and the UKCS framework is characterised by goal-setting and process regulation. The thesis evaluates the three approaches and concludes that the management-based approach built in to the safety case of the UKCS has proved to be robust against the prescriptive performance-based approach of the US. The thesis therefore proceeds to recommend the adoption of the UK's approach for Ghana so that all the fragmented industry specific agencies and legislation would be replaced with a single independent and visible authority and a single goal setting legislation for occupational health and safety.

No description available.

No description available.