The series of compounds [M(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2, M = Mg, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn, has been extended to include two new phases for M = Fe and two new phases for M = Ni. The system [M(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2 is remarkable for having many high-Z’ phases (Z’ > 1) with similar packing and for having solid-solid phase transitions through which there is no significant loss of crystallinity. The synthesis of the analogous Ni complex was carried out. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the coordination of the Ni2+ ion is different from that of the other six M2+ ions in the system [M(H2O)2(15-crown- 5)](NO3)2. High temperature phases with high Z’ (8) were isolated for M = Mg, Fe and Zn. The refinements of such phases are challenging because of the lack of information in the diffraction patterns. Full details of the refinements for these three phases are discussed. Six other Ni(II) complexes consisting of Ni2+, NO3-, 15-crown-5 and different solvents were found when efforts were made to synthesize the compound [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown- 5)](NO3)2. In these chemically different environments, the Ni2+ ions are not coordinated by the 15-crown-5 molecules; rather, one-dimensional H-bonded chains are formed from uncomplexed 15-crown-5 molecules and the Ni(II) complexes. Among these six Ni(II) complexes, the compounds [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2·(15-crown-5)·H2O, [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2·(15-crown-5)·2H2O and [Ni(H2O)2(MeCN)(NO3)2]·(15-crown- 5)·MeCN were found to have reversible solid-solid phase transitions between structurally related phases. In all of these transitions, no significant crystal damage was detectable. The two latter systems are unusual because their phase sequences include three transitions and four phases between 90 and 295 K and because of the existence of high-Z’ phases. These high-Z’ phases are best depicted as being intermediate to low- and hightemperature phases. A method based on thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction has been developed for studying such sets of phase transitions.

[pt] A presença de íons metálicos no petróleo pode afetar a qualidade dos produtos da destilação. Com a finalidade de avaliar alguns efeitos da presença de Ni (II) no petróleo, realizou-se um estudo de complexos deste íon com os ligantes modelo dodecanotiol (que representa o conjunto de Mercaptanas do petróleo) e o ácido hexanóico (que representa o conjunto de ácidos carboxílicos do petróleo). Esse estudo evidenciou que o Ni (II) pode estar complexado com outros ligantes do petróleo, além da porfirina. O complexo de Ni (II) com dodecanotiol formado no estado sólido, foi caracterizado pelas técnicas de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica (AA), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (IV) e Espectroscopia de Ultravioleta - Visível (UV) , Análise Elementar (CHNS-O), e Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA). Através da interpretação dos resultados das análises citadas, concluímos que o complexo sólido formado, de cor marrom avermelhada, apresenta fórmula NiC48H102S4 , com hibridação dsp2 e geometria planar quadrada . O complexo de Ni (II) com ácido hexanóico foi formado inicialmente em solução, com a coloração verde, e após 8 meses, houve a formação de cristais verdes. Este complexo, foi analisado pelas técnicas espectroscópicas de, Ultravioleta-Visível (UV), Infravermelho (IV), Absorção Atômica (AA), Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) e Análise Elementar (CHNS-O). Com a interpretação dos resultados das análises realizadas , propusemos para o complexo, a fórmula molecular NiC12H30O8 com hibridação d2sp3 e geometria octaédrica. / [en] The presence of metal ions in oil can affect the quality of the distillation products. With the purpose of evaluating some effects of the presence of Ni (II) in oil, a study of complexes of this ion with the model ligands dodecanethiol (which represents the mercaptans in oil) and hexanoic acid (which represents the carboxylic acids in oil) was performed. This study evidenced that Ni (II) can be complexed with other ligands present in oil besides the porphyrins. The complex of Ni (II) with dodecanethiol was formed in the solid state, characterized by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AA), Ultraviolet - Visible Spectroscopy (UV) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IV), Elemental Analysis (CHNS-O), and Termogravimetric Analysis (TGA). From the obtained results it was possible to conclude that the solid formed, with a reddish - brown color, has the formula NiC48H102S4, with dsp2 hybridization and a square planar geometry. The complex of Ni (II) with hexanoic acid, was firstly formed in solution having a green color, and after 8 months green crystals were formed. This complex was analyzed by Atomic Absorption (AA), Ultraviolet - Visible (UV) and Infrared (IV) Spectroscopies, Termogravimetric Analysis(TGA) and Elemental Analyze (CHNS-O). It was possible to conclude that the complex has the formula NiC12H30O8, with d2sp3 hybridization and an octahedral geometry .

[pt] O presente trabalho descreve a síntese e a caracterização de treze complexos envolvendo as poliamina etilenodiamina, diaminopropano, diaminobutano, espermidina e espermina e os íons metálicos Zn (II), Ni (II) e Pd (II). Todas as sínteses foram realizadas em água, um solvente de importância biológica, e em condições próximas às fisiológicas, com o objetivo de mimetizar as ligações e compreender como ocorre a interação das poliaminas com ânions no ciclo biológico, haja vista que em pH fisiológico essas moléculas se encontram primordialmente na forma protonada e interagem com biomoléculas aniônicas, entre essas, determinados sítios do DNA. Utilizou-se para a caracterização dos complexos as técnicas de condutivimetria, análise elementar, espectrometria de absorção atômica, análise termogravimétrica, espectroscopia no infravermelho, espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de Hidrogênio e Carbono 13 (para os complexos de zinco), difratometria de Raio-X (para os cristais de zinco), entre outras. Inicialmente foram sintetizados os complexos do tipo (poliamina[ZnCl(4)]) e, posteriormente, compostos análogos de íon níquel (II) de estequiometria (poliamina[NiCl(4)]). Observou-se que nesses complexos, as poliaminas interagem com o ânion tetraclorometalato (II) através de ligações de hidrogênio. Essas interações ocorrem entre o hidrogênio da amina primária e o cloro da esfera de coordenação. Os complexos formados pelo íon metálico paládio (II) apresentaram, conforme as análises realizadas, estruturas químicas distintas dos demais compostos. Neste caso, foram obtidos os complexos [Pd(Cl)(2)(C(2)H(8)N(2))], [Pd(Cl)(2)(C(3)H(10)N(2))] e [Pd(2)(Cl)(4)(C(10)H(27)N(4))], que apresentam importância como possíveis fármacos para o tratamento do câncer. / [en] This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of thirteen complexes involving the polyamines ethylenediamine, diaminopropane, diaminobutane, spermidine and spermine, and the metal ions Zn (II), Ni (II) and Pd (II). All syntheses were performed in water, a solvent of biological importance, and under near-physiological changes in order to mimic the bonds and understand the interaction of polyamines with anions in the biological cycle. At physiological pH these molecules are primarily in the protonated form and interact with anionic molecules, among which certain DNA sites. The complexes were characterized by the techniques of conductivity, elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of Hydrogen and Carbon 13 (for the zinc complexes), and Xray diffraction (for zinc crystals). The complexes of the type (polyamine [ZnCl4]) were synthesized first and, subsequently, analogous compounds of ion nickel (II) with stoichiometry (polyamine [NiCl4]) were synthesized. It was observed that in these complexes, the polyamines interact with the tetrachlorometalate (II) anion via hydrogen bonds. These interactions occur between the primary amine hydrogen and the chlorine from the coordination sphere. The metal ion complexes formed by palladium (II) showed, as the analysis data, chemical structures distinct from the other compounds. In this case, we obtained the complex [Pd(Cl)(2)(C(2)H(8)N(2))], [Pd(Cl)(2)(C(3)H(10)N(2))] e [Pd(2)(Cl)(4)(C(10)H(27)N(4))], which have importance as potential drugs for the treatment of cancer.

Treatment of the diethyl ester of o-phenylenebis(oxamic acid) (opbaH2Et2, 1) with 5/6 equivalent of MeNH2 in abs. EtOH results in the exclusive formation of the ethyl ester of o-phenylene(N′-methyl oxamide)(oxamic acid) (opooH3EtMe, 2) in ca. 50% yield. Treatment of 2 with four equivalents of [Me4N]OH followed by the addition of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O gave [Me4N]2[Cu(opooMe)]·H2O (3A) in ca. 80% yield. As 3A appears to be a hygroscopic solid, the related [nBu4N]+ salts [nBu4N]2[M(opooMe)]·H2O (M = Cu (3B), Ni (4)) have been synthesized. By addition of two equivalents of [Cu(pmdta)(NO3)2] to a MeCN solution of 3B the novel asymmetric trinuclear complex [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2](NO3)2 (5) could be obtained in ca. 90% yield. Compounds 2, 3A, 3B, 4 and 5 have been characterized by elemental analysis and NMR/IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the solid state structures of 3A in the form of [Me4N]2[Cu(opooMe)]·MeOH (3A′), 3B in the form of [nBu4N]2[Cu(opooMe)] (3B′), 4 in the form of [nBu4N]2[Ni(opooMe)]·1.25H2O (4′) and 5 in the form of [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2] (NO3)2·3MeCN (5′), respectively, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. By controlled cocrystallization, diamagnetically diluted 3B (1%) in the host lattice of 4 (99%) in the form of single crystals have been made available, allowing single crystal EPR studies to extract all components of the g-factor and the tensors of onsite CuA and transferred NA hyperfine interaction. Out of these studies the spin density distribution of the [Cu(opooMe)]2− complex fragment could be determined. The magnetic properties of 5 were studied by susceptibility measurements versus temperature. An intramolecular J parameter of −65 cm−1 has been obtained, unexpectedly, as 5 should possess two different J values due to its two different spacers between the adjacent CuII ions, namely an oxamate (C2NO3) and an oxamidate (C2N2O2) fragment. This unexpected result is explained by a summarizing discussion of the experimentally obtained EPR results (spin density distribution) of 3B, the geometries of the terminal [Cu(pmdta)]2+ fragments of 5 determined by X-ray crystallographic studies and accompanying quantum chemical calculations of the spin density distribution of the mononuclear [Cu(opooMe)]2− and of the magnetic exchange interactions of trinuclear [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2]2+ complex fragments. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Treatment of the diethyl ester of o-phenylenebis(oxamic acid) (opbaH2Et2, 1) with 5/6 equivalent of MeNH2 in abs. EtOH results in the exclusive formation of the ethyl ester of o-phenylene(N′-methyl oxamide)(oxamic acid) (opooH3EtMe, 2) in ca. 50% yield. Treatment of 2 with four equivalents of [Me4N]OH followed by the addition of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O gave [Me4N]2[Cu(opooMe)]·H2O (3A) in ca. 80% yield. As 3A appears to be a hygroscopic solid, the related [nBu4N]+ salts [nBu4N]2[M(opooMe)]·H2O (M = Cu (3B), Ni (4)) have been synthesized. By addition of two equivalents of [Cu(pmdta)(NO3)2] to a MeCN solution of 3B the novel asymmetric trinuclear complex [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2](NO3)2 (5) could be obtained in ca. 90% yield. Compounds 2, 3A, 3B, 4 and 5 have been characterized by elemental analysis and NMR/IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the solid state structures of 3A in the form of [Me4N]2[Cu(opooMe)]·MeOH (3A′), 3B in the form of [nBu4N]2[Cu(opooMe)] (3B′), 4 in the form of [nBu4N]2[Ni(opooMe)]·1.25H2O (4′) and 5 in the form of [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2] (NO3)2·3MeCN (5′), respectively, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. By controlled cocrystallization, diamagnetically diluted 3B (1%) in the host lattice of 4 (99%) in the form of single crystals have been made available, allowing single crystal EPR studies to extract all components of the g-factor and the tensors of onsite CuA and transferred NA hyperfine interaction. Out of these studies the spin density distribution of the [Cu(opooMe)]2− complex fragment could be determined. The magnetic properties of 5 were studied by susceptibility measurements versus temperature. An intramolecular J parameter of −65 cm−1 has been obtained, unexpectedly, as 5 should possess two different J values due to its two different spacers between the adjacent CuII ions, namely an oxamate (C2NO3) and an oxamidate (C2N2O2) fragment. This unexpected result is explained by a summarizing discussion of the experimentally obtained EPR results (spin density distribution) of 3B, the geometries of the terminal [Cu(pmdta)]2+ fragments of 5 determined by X-ray crystallographic studies and accompanying quantum chemical calculations of the spin density distribution of the mononuclear [Cu(opooMe)]2− and of the magnetic exchange interactions of trinuclear [Cu3(opooMe)(pmdta)2]2+ complex fragments. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.