Submitted by Roberta Irma Martin (robertagortan@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T11:54:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Roberta_Martin_FINAL.pdf: 33647313 bytes, checksum: 7d8c8a7a029acf674e2e269e15cb1251 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-04-10T17:39:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martin_ri_dr_ilha.pdf: 33647313 bytes, checksum: 7d8c8a7a029acf674e2e269e15cb1251 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T17:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martin_ri_dr_ilha.pdf: 33647313 bytes, checksum: 7d8c8a7a029acf674e2e269e15cb1251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico e experimental de um sistema de controle não linear baseado em estrutura variável e modos deslizantes desenvolvido para interferômetro de dois feixes. O sistema proposto apresenta alta precisão, robustez e, além disso, é simples e de baixo custo, aumentando a capacidade de medição para diferentes aplicações de sensores interferométricos. Comparado a outras técnicas de controle aplicadas a interferometria óptica, esta técnica apresenta importantes vantagens e leva em consideração a característica não linear do interferometro, aumentando seu poder de medição. Consequentemente, um circuito de reset não é necessário, o interferometro pode trabalhar em ambientes com grandes perturbações, a montagem e ajuste dos parâmetros é mais simples (fácil implementação), com simples configuração e custo efetivo, atingindo alta robustez e acurácia. Comparado as técnicas de demodulação baseado no espectro do sinal (J1..J4), o sistema proposto tem faixa dinâmica e resolução maiores, podendo medir atraso no tempo e operar com formas de onda arbitrárias. Além disso, aperfeiçoa os métodos de demodulação temporais aumentando a precisão para sinais de baixa amplitude, mantendo a condição de quadratura (ponto máximo de sensibilidade) e, portanto, elimina o efeito do desvanecimento do sinal, mesmo diante de grandes perturbações ao redor do sistema como, vibrações, variações de temperatura e correntes de ar. A estabilidade do sistema linearizado foi estudada através do método de linearização de Lyapunov e a estabilidade local dos pontos de equilíbrio foram provadas. Através do método do plano de fase, todas as não linearidades do sistema foram consideradas, e provou-se que para qualquer condição inicial, o sistema não linear é estável e converge para o ponto de equilíbrio. Como resultado, o sistema é globalmente assintóticamente estável e não tende a um ciclo limite ou à intabilidade. Finalmente, foi obtido a equação de Lyapunov do sistema não linear considerando a análise do plano de fase, provando novamente a estabilidade do sistema de controle. Portanto, essa abordagem pode compensar o comportamento não linear do interfometro, mantendo-o na condição de quadratura e eliminando o efeito do desvanecimento do sinal para formas de onda arbitrárias, senoidais ou sem sinal de entrada, mesmo diante de grandes perturbações externas. O sistema provou ser eficiente para operações dinâmicas em diferentes aplicações como: caracterização de atuadores piezoelétricos, caracterização da resposta da fibra à temperatura, detecção de ultrassom e detecção de ondas longitudinais geradas por um laser Q-switched em amostras de alumínio e aço, conforme mostrado neste trabalho. A alta robustez oferecida pelo controlador permite que o sistema seja embarcado e opere em ambientes com grandes perturbações como fábricas, trazendo a interferometria para fora do laboratório. / This work presents the theoretical and experimental study of a nonlinear control system designed for two beam optical interferometry based on variable structure and sliding modes. The proposed system presents high accuracy, robustness and, furthermore, is simple and low cost, increasing the measurement capability for different applications of interferometric sensors. Compared with other control techniques applied in optical interferometry, this control technique presents important features and takes in account the nonlinear characteristic of the interferometer, increasing its measurement capability. Consequently, a reset circuit is not necessary, the interferometer can work in harsh environments, the assembly and adjustment of the parameters is simpler (easy implementation), with simple setup and the effective cost, achieving high robustness and accuracy. Regarding demodulation techniques based on signal spectrum (J1..J4), the proposed system has a higher dynamic range, resolution, can measure time delay and operate with arbitrary signal waveforms. Also, it improves the temporal demodulation methods increasing the accuracy for small amplitude signals, maintaining the quadrature condition (maximum point of sensitivity) and, therefore, eliminates the effect of signal fading, even under strong external disturbances around the interferometer setup such as vibration, temperature variation and air current flow. The stability of the linearized system was studied through the Lyapunov’s linearization method and the local stability of the equilibrium points were proved. Through the phase plane method, we considered all the nonlinearities from the system, and we proved that for any initial condition, the nonlinear system is stable and converges to the equilibrium point. As a result, the system is globally asymptotically stable and it does not tend to a limit cycle nor to instability. Finally, we obtained the Lyapunov equation for the nonlinear system taking into account the phase plane analysis, proving the system’s stability. Therefore, this approach can fully compensate the nonlinear behavior of the interferometer, keep it in the quadrature point and suppress the signal fading for arbitrary signal waveforms, sinusoidal signals or zero input signal, even under strong external disturbances. The system proved to be suitable for dynamic operations, in different applications as: characterization of piezoelectric actuators, characterization of fiber response to temperature, ultrasound detection and the detection of longitudinal waves generated by a Q-switched laser on aluminum and steel samples, as shown in this work. The high robustness allows the system to be embedded and to operate in harsh environments such as factories, bringing the interferometry outside the laboratory.

Orientador: Rubens Maciel Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_NadsonMuriloNascimento_D.pdf: 3180060 bytes, checksum: f741044cb982f1d0e9d33a4f7aba7597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A síntese de controladores representa uma importante vertente dos desenvolvimentos atuais no campo da pesquisa acadêmica e industrial. Um controlador bem projetado pode significar sucesso no que se refere aos objetivos de produção, sendo gerados materiais com as especificações desejadas e proporcionando que o sistema opere sob certas restrições, levando em consideração aspectos relativos à operabilidade, segurança e minimização de resíduos. Para tanto, sabe-se que as etapas de modelagem são fundamentais para a delineação de estratégias de controle. Contudo, a obtenção de representações matemáticas precisas e, ao mesmo tempo, aplicáveis para o controle da maioria dos processos de interesse da engenharia química é uma tarefa árdua, devido à presença de comportamentos dinâmicos não lineares e variantes ao longo do tempo e, por vezes, do espaço. Deste modo, busca-se a obtenção de modelos mais simples, porém dotados da imprescindível representatividade inerente aos sistemas de produção, a fim de serem projetadas estruturas de controle adequadas para cada necessidade específica. Esta tese enfoca o desenvolvimento de quatro controladores avançados híbridos preditivos não lineares multivariáveis, baseados em modelos nebulosos (fuzzy) funcionais não lineares multivariáveis, para processos de polimerização. Tais sistemas apresentam dinâmicas altamente complexas e de difícil modelagem matemática, dificultando, assim, a aplicação, com sucesso, de metodologias clássicas de controle ou avançadas baseadas em modelos convencionais. Foram considerados dois casos de estudo para a análise de desempenho das configurações de controle propostas: o processo de copolimerização em solução do metacrilato de metila com o acetato de vinila, e a copolimerização industrial do eteno/1-buteno com catalisador Ziegler-Natta solúvel. Os modelos fenomenológicos de ambos os processos já se encontram descritos na literatura, sendo considerados como plantas virtuais para a geração de dados dinâmicos e implementação dos desenvolvimentos sugeridos. A partir de simulações computacionais, os modelos nebulosos dinâmicos funcionais não lineares multivariáveis foram construídos ¿ os quais demonstraram excelentes capacidades para a predição das saídas dos processos como uma função dos dados dinâmicos de entrada ¿ sendo, posteriormente, acoplados à estrutura de controle preditivo MPC (Model-based Predictive Control). A escolha da metodologia MPC como base para o desenvolvimento das estratégias propostas deve-se ao fato de sua notória aplicabilidade industrial a processos químicos multivariáveis, além de possibilitar a incorporação de restrições operacionais nas variáveis controladas e manipuladas. Por fim, foram comparados os desempenhos entre os controladores híbridos delineados e duas estratégias de controle preditivo bastante difundidas na literatura. Os problemas regulatório e servo foram analisados, observando-se resultados satisfatórios em ambas as condições. Isto demonstra o alto potencial dos algoritmos propostos para o controle multivariável de sistemas não lineares. / Abstract: Controllers design has currently a great importance in the field of açademic and industrial research. A well-projected controller may mean the success regarding the aims of production, and it also provides the production of materials with desirable specifications and it allows that the system operates under specific restrictions, considering aspects related to operability, safety and minimization of residue. Then, it is known that modeling stages are fundamental for delineation of controller strategies. However, the obtaining of precise and applicable mathematical representations to the control of most of relevant process in chemical engineering is a challenging task, because of the presence of nonlinear dynamic behaviors and space-time mutable. Therefore, an effort is done to obtain the simpler models, but provided with the essential representativity inherent to production systems. Thus, suitable control structures could be designed for each specific necessity. This work focus on the development of four multivariable nonlinear predictive hybrid advanced controllers, based on multivariable nonlinear functional fuzzy models, to polymerization processes. Such systems present high complex dynamic and hard mathematical modeling, making difficult to apply classic controllers or advanced control methodologies based on conventional models. Two study cases for the performance analysis of the proposed controllers were considered: the copolymerization process of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate, and industrial copolymerization of ethene/1 butene with Ziegler-Natta catalysis. The phenomenologic models of the two processes already are described in relevant literature, and they are considered as virtual plants to create dynamic data and to implement the suggested developments. Based on computational simulations, multivariable nonlinear functional dynamic fuzzy models were made - they demonstrated excellent capacity for outputs prediction from input dynamic data - and they were, subsequently, inserted in the MPC (Model-based Predicitve Control) control structure. The choice of MPC methodology to develop the proposal structures is because of its wellknown industry applicability to multivariable chemical processes, beyond it makes possible the incorporation of restrictions in controlled and manipulated variables. Finally, the performance among outlined hybrid controllers and two predictive control strategies fairly widespread in the literature were compared. The regulatory and servo problems were analyzed and satisfactory results were observed in both conditions. This demonstrates the high potential of proposed algorithms to control multivariable nonlinear systems. / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Orientadores: Jose Manoel Balthazar, João Mauricio Rosario / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:03:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cassiano_Jeferson_D.pdf: 8294948 bytes, checksum: b7318ea3e310db82a9fd5af926a9cb2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a determinação analítica da ocorrência de um tipo de caos (irregularidade) determinístico denominado Caos Homoclínico em algumas aplicações da Ciência da Engenharia como, por exemplo, a Robótica e a Teoria de Controle (Controle de Bifurcações e Caótico). Para isto, faz-se uso da chamada Teoria de Poincaré - Mel¿nikov que fornece uma forma analítica para a determinação do tipo de comportamento do sistema (regular ou irregular) / Abstract: This work make the analytical determination of the occurrence of a type of deterministic chaos (irregularity) called Homoclinic Chaos in some applications of the Science of Engineering and mechanics as, for example, the Robotics and the Theory of Control (Chaotic Control of Bifurcations so on). For that purpose, the Theory of Poincaré - Mel¿nikov is used that supplies an analytical form for the determination of the type of the system behavior of the system (regular or irregular) / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

The subject of this thesis is the real-time implementation of algebraic derivative estimators as observers in nonlinear control of magnetic levitation systems. These estimators are based on operational calculus and implemented as FIR filters, resulting on a feasible real-time implementation. The algebraic method provide a fast, non-asymptotic state estimation. For the magnetic levitation systems, the algebraic estimators may replace the standard asymptotic observers assuring very good performance and robustness. To validate the estimators as observers in closed-loop control, several nonlinear controllers are proposed and implemented in a experimental magnetic levitation prototype. The results show an excellent performance of the proposed control laws together with the algebraic estimators. / O tema dessa dissertação é a implementação em tempo real dos estimadores algébricos de derivadas como observadores no controle não-linear de levitação magnética. Esses estimadores são baseados no cálculo operacional e implementados como filtros FIR, resultando em uma implementação viável em tempo real. O método algébrico permite estimar os estados do sistema de maneira rápida e não-assintótica. Para os sistemas de levitação magnética, os estimadores algébricos podem substituir os observadores assintóticos assegurando boas propriedades de robustez e performance. A fim de validar os estimadores como observadores no controle em malha fechada, vários controladores não-lineares são propostos e implementados em um protótipo experimental. Os resultados mostram uma excelente performance dos controladores propostos juntamente com os estimadores algébricos.

La propulsion aérobie à grande vitesse est depuis longtemps identifiée comme l'un des prochains sauts technologiques à franchir dans le domaine des lanceurs spatiaux. Cependant, les véhicules hypersoniques (HSV) fonctionnant dans des domaines de vitesse extrêmement élevées, de nombreuses contraintes et incertitudes entravent les garanties des propriétés des contrôleurs. L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier la synthèse de commande d'un tel véhicule.Pour commencer, il s'agit de définir un modèle représentatif d'un HSV exploitable pour la commande. Dans ce travail, nous construisons deux modèles de HSV. Un pour la simulation en boucle fermée, et le second afin de poser précisément le problème de commande.Nous proposons ensuite une synthèse de commande de la dynamique longitudinale dans le plan vertical de symétrie. Celle-ci est robuste aux incertitudes de modélisation, tolérante à des saturations, et n'excite pas les dynamiques rapides négligées. Ses propriétés sont évaluées sur différents cas de simulation. Puis, une extension est proposée afin de résoudre le problème de commande simultanée des dynamiques longitudinale et latérale, sous les mêmes contraintes.Ce résultat est obtenu par une assignation de fonction de Lyapunov, suite à une étude des dynamiques longitudinale et latérale. Par ailleurs, pour traiter les erreurs de poursuite dues aux incertitudes de modélisation, nous nous intéressons au problème de régulation asymptotique robuste par retour d'état. Nous montrons que cette régulation peut être accomplie en stabilisant le système augmenté d'un intégrateur de la sortie. Ceci constitue une extension de la structure de contrôle proportionnel-intégral au cas des systèmes non linéaires. / High speed airbreathing thrust has been known for a long time as one of the next technological step to be overcome in space launchers domain. However, HyperSonic Vehicles (HSV) speed operating ranges being extremely high, numerous constraints and uncertainties restrict the ensuring of control properties. The purpose of this thesis is to study control synthesis for such a vehicle.First, it concern the definition of a HSV model for controlling purpose. In this work is constructed two HSV models. One in order to effect closed loop simulation, and the other in order to precisely establish the control problem.Then, is proposed a control synthesis for the longitudinal dynamics restricted to the symmetric vertical plane. It is robust to modelling uncertainties, allows saturation, and does not excite neglected fast dynamics. Its properties are evaluated on different cases of simulation. Next, an extension is proposed in order to solve the problem of controlling simultaneously longitudinal and lateral dynamics, under the same constraints.This result is obtained by the use of control Lyapunov functions, following the study of longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Furthermore, in order to solve tracking errors due to modelling uncertainties, the problem of robust asymptotic regulation by state feedback has been addressed. It is shown that such a regulation can be achieved by stabilizing the system augmented by an output integrator. This constitutes an extension for nonlinear systems of the proportional-integral control structure.

D'un point de vue énergétique, les robots marcheurs sont moins performants que les humains. Face à ce défi, cette thèse propose une approche pour contrôler et optimiser les allures de marche des robots bipèdes à la fois en 2D et 3D en considérant les fréquences propres du robot et par ajout de ressorts. L'étude porte essentiellement sur un robot bipède 2D à 5 corps et des pieds ponctuels ainsi qu'un robot bipède 3D à 8 corps avec des pieds sans masse à contact linéique. La commande en boucle fermée considérée est basée sur la méthode des contraintes virtuelles et la linéarisation par retour d'état. Suite à des études précédentes, la stabilité du robot bipède 2D est vérifiée par une section de Poincaré unidimensionnelle et étendue au robot bipède 3D à contact linéique avec le sol. L'optimisation est effectuée en utilisant la programmation quadratique séquentielle. Les paramètres optimisés incluent des coefficients de polynômes de Bézier et des paramètres posturaux. Des contraintes d'optimisation sont imposées pour assurer la validité de l'allure de marche. Pour le robot bipède 2D, deux configurations différentes de ressorts placés aux hanches sont étudiées. Ces deux configurations ont permis de réduire le coût énergétique. Pour le robot bipède 3D, les paramètres d'optimisation sont séparés en deux parties : ceux décrivant le mouvement dans le plan sagittal et ceux du plan frontal. Les résultats de l'optimisation montrent que ces deux types de paramètres doivent être optimisés. Ensuite, des ressorts sont ajoutés respectivement par rapport au plan sagittal, par rapport au plan frontal puis dans les deux plans. Les résultats montrent que l'ajout des ressorts dans le plan sagittal permet de réduire significativement le coût énergétique et que l'association de ressorts dans le plan frontal améliore encore plus la consommation d'énergie. / From an energy standpoint, walking robots are less efficient than humans. In facing this challenge, this study aims to provide an approach for controlling and optimizing the gaits of both 2D and 3D bipedal robots with consideration for exploiting natural dynamics and elastic couplings. A 5-link 2D biped with point feet and an 8-link 3D biped with massless line feet are studied. The control method is based on virtual constraints and feedback linearization. Following previous studies, the stability of the 2D biped is verified by computing scalar Poincaré map in closed form, and now this method also applies to the 3D biped because of its line-foot configuration. The optimization is performed using sequential quadratic programming. The optimization parameters include postural parameters and Bézier coefficients, and the optimization constraints are used to ensure gait validity. For the 2D biped, two different configurations of hip joint springs are investigated and both configurations successfully reduce the energy cost. For the 3D biped, the optimization parameters are further divided into sagittal parameters and coronal parameters, and the optimization results indicate that both these parameters should be optimized. After that, hip joint springs are added respectively to the sagittal plane, the coronal plane and both these planes. The results demonstrate that the elastic couplings in the sagittal plane should be considered first and that the additional couplings in the coronal plane reduce the energy cost even further.

L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer de nouvelles stratégies de commande non linéaire pour la stabilisation des Réacteurs Parfaitement Agités Continus (RPAC). Pour cela, nous utilisons d’une part, l’approche thermodynamique entropique. Plus précisément, nous utilisons la notion de disponibilité thermodynamique et les propriétés de la thermodynamique irréversible pour définir une fonction de Lyapunov utilisable pour la stabilisation du système en boucle fermée. Nous proposons aussi une fonction disponibilité réduite afin d’obtenir des lois stabilisantes plus performantes en terme de sollicitation des actionneurs. D’autre part, nous proposons une extension du formalisme (pseudo) hamiltonien à ports dissipatifs aux réacteurs chimiques ouverts. Nous montrons que l’Hamiltonien est lié à l’enthalpie libre de Gibbs dans le cas isotherme et à l’ectropie (opposée de l’entropie) dans le cas non isotherme. Par ce formalisme, la dissipation du système représente la production irréversible d’entropie due à la réaction chimique. Nous appliquons ensuite les techniques de commande passive (modelage de l’énergie) pour la synthèse de lois de commande en choisissant la disponibilité thermodynamique comme fonction hamiltonienne à modeler en boucle fermée. Finalement, nous montrons que les commandes synthétisées par l’approche thermodynamique entropique et la formulation pseudo-hamiltonienne sont, dans certains cas, équivalentes. Certaines propriétés relatives à la stabilisation et l’admissibilité des commandes sont aussi considérées. Les développements théoriques sont mis en oeuvre sur des exemples différents de RPAC : un réacteur académique et l’hydrolyse par catalyse acide de l’oxirane-méthanol en glycérine. / The goal of this thesis is to propose new nonlinear control strategies for the stabilization of perfectly Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR). To achieve this goal, we use on the one hand, the entropic thermodynamic approach. More precisely, we use the thermodynamic availability concept and the properties of irreversible thermodynamics to define a Lyapunov function candidate for the stabilization of the closed loop system. We also propose a reduced availability function to design more efficient feedback laws in term of control variable solicitations. On the other hand, we propose an extension of the (pseudo) Hamiltonian formalism associated to dissipative systems to open chemical reactors. We show that the Hamiltonian is linked to the Gibbs free enthalpy in the isothermal case and to ectropy (opposed to entropy) in the non isothermal case. By this formalism, the dissipation of the system represents the irreversible entropy production due to chemical reaction. The Interconnection and Damping Assignment-Passivity Based Control (IDA-PBC) approach is then applied to synthesize feedback laws by choosing the thermodynamic availability as desired closed loop hamiltonian storage function. Finally, we show that feedback laws synthetized by the entropic thermodynamic approach and the pseudo-hamiltonian formulation are equivalent in some cases. Some stabilization properties and the control input admissibility are also considered. Theoretical developments are illustrated on some different CSTR examples : an academic case study and the acid catalyzed hydration of oxirane-methanol to glycerol.

En théorie de la commande, un modèle du système est généralement utilisé pour construire la loi de commande et assurer ses performances. Les équations mathématiques qui représentent le système à contrôler sont utilisées pour assurer que le contrôleur associé va stabiliser la boucle fermée. Mais, en pratique, le système réel s’écarte du comportement théorique modélisé. Des non-linéarités ou des dynamiques rapides peuvent être négligées, les paramètres sont parfois difficiles à estimer, des perturbations non maitrisables restent non modélisées. L’approche proposée dans ce travail repose en partie sur la connaissance du système à piloter par l’utilisation d’un modèle analytique mais aussi sur l’utilisation de données expérimentales hors ligne ou en ligne. A chaque pas de temps la valeur de la commande qui amène au mieux le système vers un objectif choisi a priori, est le résultat d’un algorithme qui minimise une fonction de coût ou maximise une récompense. Au centre de la technique développée, il y a l’utilisation d’un modèle numérique de comportement du système qui se présente sous la forme d’une fonction de prédiction tabulée ayant en entrée un n-uplet de l’espace joint entrées/état ou entrées/sorties du système. Cette base de connaissance permet l’extraction d’une sous-partie de l’ensemble des possibilités des valeurs prédites à partir d’une sous-partie du vecteur d’entrée de la table. Par exemple, pour une valeur de l’état, on pourra obtenir toutes les possibilités d’états futurs à un pas de temps, fonction des valeurs applicables de commande. Basé sur des travaux antérieurs ayant montré la viabilité du concept en entrées/état, de nouveaux développements ont été proposés. Le modèle de prédiction est initialisé en utilisant au mieux la connaissance a priori du système. Il est ensuite amélioré par un algorithme d’apprentissage simple basé sur l’erreur entre données mesurées et données prédites. Deux approches sont utilisées : la première est basée sur le modèle d’état (comme dans les travaux antérieurs mais appliquée à des systèmes plus complexes), la deuxième est basée sur un modèle entrée-sortie. La valeur de commande qui permet de rapprocher au mieux la sortie prédite dans l’ensemble des possibilités atteignables de la sortie ou de l’état désiré, est trouvée par un algorithme d’optimisation. Afin de valider les différents éléments proposés, cette commande a été mise en œuvre sur différentes applications. Une expérimentation réelle sur un quadricoptère et des essais réels de suivi de trajectoire sur un véhicule électrique du laboratoire montrent sacapacité et son efficacité sur des systèmes complexes et rapides. D’autres résultats en simulation permettent d’élargir l’étude de ses performances. Dans le cadre d’un projet partenarial, l’algorithme a également montré sa capacité à servir d’estimateur d’état dans la reconstruction de la vitesse mécanique d’une machine asynchrone à partir des signaux électriques. Pour cela, la vitesse mécanique a été considérée comme l’entrée du système. / In classical control theory, the control law is generally built, based on the theoretical model of the system. That means that the mathematical equations representing the system dynamics are used to stabilize the closed loop. But in practice, the actual system differs from the theory, for example, the nonlinearity, the varied parameters and the unknown disturbances of the system. The proposed approach in this work is based on the knowledge of the plant system by using not only the analytical model but also the experimental data. The input values stabilizing the system on open loop, that minimize a cost function, for example, the distance between the desired output and the predicted output, or maximize a reward function are calculated by an optimal algorithm. The key idea of this approach is to use a numerical behavior model of the system as a prediction function on the joint state and input spaces or input-output spaces to find the controller’s output. To do this, a new non-linear control concept is proposed, based on an existing controller that uses a prediction map built on the state-space. The prediction model is initialized by using the best knowledge a priori of the system. It is then improved by using a learning algorithm based on the sensors’ data. Two types of prediction map are employed: the first one is based on the state-space model; the second one is represented by an input-output model. The output of the controller, that minimizes the error between the predicted output from the prediction model and the desired output, will be found using optimal algorithm. The application of the proposed controller has been made on various systems. Some real experiments for quadricopter, some actual tests for the electrical vehicle Zoé show its ability and efficiency to complex and fast systems. Other the results in simulation are tested in order to investigate and study the performance of the proposed controller. This approach is also used to estimate the rotor speed of the induction machine by considering the rotor speed as the input of the system.

No description available.

<p>  </p> <p>The development of an increasingly interconnected infrastructure and its rapid evolution demands engineering testing solutions capable of investigating realistically and with high accuracy the interactions among the different components of the problem to study. The examination of any of these components without losing the interaction of the other surroundings components is not only realistic, but also desirable. The more interconnected the whole system is, the greater the dependencies. Real-time Hybrid Simulation (RTHS) is a disruptive technology that has the potential to address this type of complex interactions or internal couplings by partitioning the system into numerical (better understood) substructures and experimental (unknown) substructures, which are built physically in the laboratory. These two types of substructures are connected through a transfer system (e.g., hydraulic actuators) to enforce boundary conditions in their common interfaces creating a synchronized cyber-physical system. However, despite the RTHS community has been improving these hybrid techniques, there are still important barriers in their core methodologies. Current control approaches developed for RTHS were validated mainly for linear applications with limited capabilities to deal with high uncertainties, hard nonlinearities, or extensive damage of structural elements due to plasticity. Furthermore, capturing the realistic dynamics of a structural system requires the description of the motion using more than one degree of freedom, which increases the number of hydraulic actuators needed to enforce additional degrees of freedom at boundary condition interface. As these requirements escalate for larger or more complex problems, the computational cost can turn into a prohibitive constraint. </p> <p>In this dissertation, the main research goal is to develop and validate a nonlinear controller with capabilities to control highly uncertain nonlinear physical substructures with complex boundary conditions and its parallel computational implementation for accurate and realistic RTHS. The validation of the proposed control system is achieved through a set of real-time tracking control and RTHS experiments that explore robustness, accuracy performance, and their trade-off </p>