Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-04T13:44:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VANUZA SOUZA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2005..pdf: 18489316 bytes, checksum: 61f53d0e72fcaaa8de79ccadf8cf6ac2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T13:44:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VANUZA SOUZA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2005..pdf: 18489316 bytes, checksum: 61f53d0e72fcaaa8de79ccadf8cf6ac2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Este trabalho discute as condições históricas da construção da autoria e obra de Lourdes Ramalho, percorrendo a trajetória de vida e intelectual da autora, perscrutando as relações que manteve com seus contemporâneos, com os livros que leu e como leu para pensar a maneira como essa autora imprimiu em seus textos a idéia de Nordeste e de nordestino. Pensar a autoria como um lugar histórico e social, significa ao mesmo tempo discutir as brechas e as contradições que também constituem a mesma, por isso a necessidade de ter discutido a idéia de povo enquanto lugar de distanciamento do lugar da autora, o modelo de feminino que a mesma constrói como um lugar de masculinização das mulheres da região, e por fim, a construção do riso em seus textos como um lugar, também, de regramento da inversão dos costumes da cultura nordestina. Inspirada na proposta Foucaultiana de análise de discurso, que sugere ver as relações de poder nas linhas de discurso, as verdades e os embates que são parte de todo escrever, na teoria de gênero de Butler e Foucault que pensam os sexos, os corpos, o gênero como dimensões outras dos discursos que tentam definir uma verdade para os sujeitos, e na proposta de Durval Muniz, que inspira o (re)pensar as identidades sociais, culturais e sexuais que inscreveram uma dada forma de ver e se fazer nordestino, imprime-se nesse texto uma outra maneira de ler a obra de Lourdes Ramalho e tudo o que ela cria, de (re)ver o lugar que ocupa a autoria nordestina e a naturalização que a define, porque as nossas identidades regionais misturadas às identidades de gênero naturalizaram a cultura nordestina e tudo o que nela é produzido, criando silêncios, negando a diferença, a diferença de ser homem, mulher, autor e obra no Nordeste, dentro e fora desse espaço. / This research discuss about the historic conditions of the authorship construction and Lourdes Ramalho's work, going through the authoress' intellectual and life path, descriting the relationships kept with her conteporaneans, with the books that she read and how she read to think about the way how this authores printed in her texts the Northeast and northeast people idea. Think about the authorship as a social and historic place, means at same time to discuss the gap and the contradictions that also make-up itself, that's why the need of have discussed the idea of folk while place of great distance from the authoress' place, the feminine model that herself makes as a place of male-processing of the women on this region, and the end, the making of the lagh in her text as a placealso, about inversion of the rules of the northeast culture uses. Base don the foucaultian proposal of speech analysis, that suggest to see the relations of power in the speech lines, the truths and conflicts that are parto f all the writtings, on the treory about genus of Butler and Foucault that thin about the sex, the bodies, the gens as other dimensions of the speech that inspire the (re)thinking of the social identities, culturally and sexually that mark a way of seeing and making a northeast, it can be found on this text another way for reading the work f Lourdes Ramalho and everything that she creates, to (re)see the place that ocupies he northheaster authorship and the naturalization that defines it, because our regional identities of this genus neutralized the northeaster culture and everything produced on it, producing silences, denying the difference, the difference of being a man, womwn, authoress and work on Northeast, in ando ut this space.

Indian cities rely predominantly on buses for public transport. The issues of performance measurement and efficiency analyses for the bus company have been gaining significance due to severe operating conditions and financial constraints in which these bus companies provide the service. Performance is defined as the levels of success of the service with respect to different parameters such as quality of service, cost effectiveness and safety. Performance is measured in terms of operational efficiency and financial efficiency. Operational Efficiency of an organization is the ability to utilize its available resources to the maximum extent. Financial Efficiency is a measure of the organization’s ability to translate its financial resources into revenue. Public bus transportation plays a pivotal role in India in bringing about greater mobility both within and between urban and rural areas. Through increased mobility, road transport also contributes immensely to social and economic development of different regions of the country. Public transport is provided by surface road transport using buses by the State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) and by private operators. In this thesis, scientific analysis of the performance of SRTUs is carried out at different levels considering physical and financial parameters through multivariate techniques, non-parametric techniques and qualitative techniques. A comprehensive study on all the SRTUs of Karnataka at depot, division level are done and determined which quantitative method is suited for depot level and division level studies. From quantitative and qualitative studies of SRTUs strategies are developed and recommendations are made to improve the performance of SRTUs. Further, in addition to Bangalore metropolitan transport corporation (BMTC) performance analyses, the routes are analyzed to reduce the dead kilometer. Major contributions from this work: 1. Both inter and intra city operations of the public transport corporation in the state of Karnataka have been exhaustively analysed using operational and financial parameters. 2. Large amount of data over a long period has been collated from State road transport units and a standard format has been developed for collecting both operational and financial parameters for SRTU’s. 3. A generic framework and plan for performance evaluation of SRTU’s has been developed using ratio and benchmarking analysis, and, non-parametric and multivariate techniques like DEA (constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS)), DEA-principal component analysis (PCA), DEA- bootstrapping. These analyses have been carried out at different levels, like transport corporations level (KSRTC NEKRTC, NWKRTC, BMTC), division level (33 divisions), and Depot level (193 depots). 4. Non parametric and multivariate Models have been developed and validated using DEAP and GAMS software before embarking on the above detailed analyses. 5. Analytical hierarchy approach (AHP), which is multi criteria structured technique, has been adopted to evaluate and analyze performance of the SRTU’s, divisions and depots based on qualitative and quantitative data. 6. User and operator perception studies of different SRTU’s of Karnataka have been done to evaluate the performance of these corporations from qualitative techniques. 7. From these comprehensive non parametric techniques, the efficiency of the SRTU’s have been evaluated and found that KSRTC has been the best operating unit among the SRTU’s considered for the study. The same has been observed from the AHP as well as perception surveys carried out as part of this thesis. 8. Operation and financial performance including profitability studies of Mysore urban transportation (Mysore city transport division) has been carried out before and after implementation of intelligent transport system (ITS). 9. The dead kilometer minimization model was formulated, which is a mixed integer programming problem, to get the optimal solution considering the capacity of the depot and time period of operation for the chosen network. An optimization technique has been developed for solving the dead kilometer problem in the operations of BMTC buses for the Volvo division (division operates 794 schedules). The alternative depot locations have been identified to reduce the dead kilometer, leading to large amount of savings for the corporation. 10. From the detailed analyses using non parametric techniques, multivariate and multi-criteria techniques along with perception surveys, strategies and recommendations have been arrived at to improve performance of the public transport corporations. This thesis consists of nine chapters and they are as below; Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of public bus transport systems in India, their problems and need for performance evaluation of SRTUs. The impacts study of Mysore ITS, dead kilometer minimization problem for BMTC along with evaluating the performance of SRTUs by quantitative and qualitative data. This chapter provides the objective of the work and scope of the work. The main objectives of this research are 1. To develop a generic framework and plan for evaluation by identifying the performance indicators and data sources for evaluation.