Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de la simulation numérique et l'analyse des écoulements compressibles, notamment en géométrie complexe ou mobile. Dans ces situations, la mise en place d'un maillage représentant correctement lesolide sans perte de précision des méthodes de discrétisation s'avère difficile. Une alternative est de travailler en maillage cartésien quelque que soit la géométrie du domaine d'écoulement en introduisant une approche aux frontières immergées.Dans ce contexte, on propose une amélioration et extension d'une méthode formulée pour la simulation des écoulements incompressibles. Les deux principales caractéristiques du modèle proposé sont d'une part l'intégration d'un nouveau terme de forçage des vitesses qui prend en compte les effets de pression et d'autre part l'intégration d'un nouveau terme de correction de température dans le traitement de l'équation de l'énergie.Cette méthode a été intégrée dans deux solveurs compressibles du code OpenFOAM : SonicFOAM et RhoCentralFOAM. La validation a été effectuée en considérant différents cas de complexité croissante sur des corps 2Dfixes et mobiles, pour lesquels on a fait varier les nombres de Mach et de Reynolds. De plus, des cas mettant en jeu des transferts de chaleur pariétaux ont été étudiés. Les résultats ont été comparés à un grand nombre de données numériques et expérimentales issues de la littérature.Enfin, des études sur des configurations plus complexes tridimensionnelles ont été mises en place. Les bifurcations de régime d'écoulement de la sphère ont été investiguées quand le nombre de Mach augmente. Une sphère avec des parois non-adiabatiques a été également analysée. Une géométrie réaliste de drone a été simulée en régime compressible.Ces analyses mettent en évidence de nombreuses caractéristiques favorables de la méthode des frontières immergées en termes de précision, de flexibilité et de coût de calcul. / This thesis is related to the numerical simulation and the analysis of compressible flows, especially in complex or mobile geometry. In these situations, the establishment of a mesh correctly representing the solid with out loss of precision of discretization methods is difficult. An alternative is to use Cartesian mesh independently of the geometry of the flow domain by introducing an immersed boundary approach. In this context, we propose an improvement and extension of a method formulated for the simulation of incompressible flows. The two main characteristics of the proposed model are on the one hand the integration of a new velocity forcing term which takes into account the effects of pressure and on the other hand the integration of a new term of temperature correction in the treatment of the energy equation. This method has been integrated in two compressible solvers of OpenFOAM code: SonicFOAM and RhoCentralFOAM. The validation was carried out by considering different cases of increasing complexity on fixed and mobile 2D bodies, for which the Mach and Reynolds numbers were varied. In addition, cases involving parietal heat transfer have been studied. The results were compared to a large number of numerical and experimental data from the literature. Finally, studies on more complex three-dimensional configurations have been done. The flow regime bifurcations of the sphere have been investigated as the Mach number increases. A sphere with non-adiabatic walls was also analyzed. A realistic drone geometry was simulated in a compressible regime.These analyzes highlight many favorable features of the immersed boundary method in terms of accuracy, flexibility and computational cost.

This thesis presents the development of GPU accelerated solvers for use in simulation of the primary atomization phenomenon. By using the open source continuum mechanics library, OpenFOAM, as a basis along with the NVidia CUDA API linear system solvers have been developed so that the multiphase solver runs in part on GPUs. This aims to reduce the enormous computational cost associated with modelling primary atomization. The modelling of such is vital to understanding the mechanisms that make combustion efficient. Firstly, the OpenFOAM code is benchmarked to assess both its suitability for atomization problems and to establish efficient operating parameters for comparison to GPU accelerations. This benchmarking then culminates in a comparison to an experimental test case, from the literature, dominated by surface tension, in 3D. Finally, a comparison is made with a primary atomizing liquid sheet as published in the literature. A geometric multigrid method is employed to solve the pressure Poisson equations, the first use of a geometric multigrid method in 3D GPU accelerated VOF simulation. Detailed investigations are made into the compute efficiency of the GPU accelerated solver, comparing memory bandwidth usage to hardware maximums as well as GPU idling time. In addition, the components of the multigrid method are also investigated, including the effect of residual scaling. While the GPU based multigrid method shows some improvement over the equivalent CPU implementation, the costs associated with running on GPU cause this to not be significantly greater.

The most proper emplacements for set a wind farm are already taken or cannot be used forenvironmental causes. So in order to check the viability of the complex terrain locations whichare still available Computational Fluid Dynamics tools are used. As the commercial codes arenot flexible enough and very expensive, an open software will be used OpenFOAM.OpenFOAM needs a code for accomplish the simulation; this code is programmed in C++. Theterrain roughness, the Coriolis force and the gravity force were developed, so the next step willbe to include the effect of canopies systems in the flow simulations.Although it could be considered as roughness, it is suggested to add a forest canopy model inorder to forecast the behaviour of the wind flow over the forests.Along this document it will be shown the process followed in order to insert the canopiessystems in the CFD software. This achievement has two mains goals: Pre-processing tool which will insert the canopy parameters in the mesh of thedomain. This application will situate the forest along the studied case. The second goal is to develop a solver which take into account the effect caused by thecanopy.Once both of them are made, as there is no software which includes this kind of obstacles inthe airflow, the results just can be checked by an experimental research but that experiment issuggested as future work because it is out of this thesis. So it will be checked that the canopyparameters are uploaded to the case, and that the airflow is disturbed in a consequently wayby any forest.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:02:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10439_ARTUR GUIMARÃES MAIOLI20170710-111821.pdf: 23311759 bytes, checksum: 71248c6370f30765c8368835db6d11fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / A combustão smouldering é uma forma de combustão lenta, sem chama e que ocorre a relativamente baixas temperaturas. Ela é sustentada pelo calor liberado em reações heterogêneas decorrentes do ataque direto de oxigênio na superfície de combustíveis sólidos. Apesar das características relativamente baixas desse tipo de combustão, ela apresenta um perigo significativo. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a combustão smouldering do xisto betuminoso em uma célula de combustão. Para isso foi utilizado o software de simulação gratuito OpenFOAM, com o solver biomassGasificationFoam, destinado à processos de conversão termoquímica de combustíveis sólidos em leito fixo. Os resultados foram comparados com dados experimentais da literatura. Os perfis de temperatua simulados apresentaram boa concordância com os experimentos, além de que foi possível a confirmação da estrutura de combustão reaction leading, onde a zona de reação avança de forma mais rápida do que a zona de transferência de calor. Foi avaliado também a importânica do fornecimento de oxigênio na velocidade de propagação da frente de chama, confirmando que esse parâmetro governa essa velocidade. Por fim, foi realizado um estudo paramétrico para avaliar a influência de parâmetros físicos na evolução da temperatura do leito e na velocidade de propagação da frente de chama.

The simulation of solitary wave run up on a slope is evaluated using a volume of fluid method in OpenFOAM. The simulated results are compared to experimental and nonlinear potential flow results for a 1 to 15 run up slope. The breaking region profile is shown to agree well with previous results except a larger jet tip calculated by OpenFOAM. Elevation through the run up of the wave is compared to the same data set. OpenFOAM shows a decreased peak amplitude when compared. A grid study is completed. The dissipation is investigated and a correction is applied to the OpenFOAM results. Corrected data shows a more accurate profile in the breaking region. Results shown indicate that more work is needed to improve two phase modeling within OpenFOAM for application to the case of solitary wave run up on a slope. Simulations are also completed for a vehicle fording case.

L'un des principaux leviers technologiques permettant le développement industriel de process de production énergétique renouvelable et à haute efficacité, consiste en l'élaboration d'une solution innovante de stockage de l'énergie. Ce système de stockage doit permettre de lisser la période de production et ainsi de suivre au plus près les besoins des consommateurs. Parmi les solutions existantes, le stockage thermique par chaleur latente présente de nombreux avantages qui font qu'aujourd'hui il fait l'objet de plusieurs travaux de recherche et de développement. Cette technologie est basée sur le principe que certaines classes de matériaux, appelés matériaux à changement de phase (MCP), libèrent (transition liquide/solide) ou accumulent (transition solide/liquide) de l'énergie lorsqu'ils sont soumis à un changement de phase. En amont du développement d'un design de stockage, il est essentiel de comprendre et de maitriser les processus thermiques entrant en jeu lors des phases de fusion et de solidification du matériau et cette compréhension passe par le développement de modèles numériques adaptés aux problématiques rencontrées. Dans le cadre de ce manuscrit, la filière technologique qui nous intéresse est celle des centrales solaires à concentration. Porté par l'ADEME dans le cadre du projet STARS (Stockage Thermique appliqué à l'extension de pRoduction d'énergie Solaire thermodynamique), le travail réalisé au sein du LaTEP consiste à analyser les performances d'une solution de stockage via la modélisation de cette dernière en considérant les phénomènes thermiques et hydrauliques. Le travail de modélisation est effectué à l'aide du logiciel de CFD libre de droit OpenFOAM dans lequel est développé et implémenté, par le laboratoire, un module dédié au problème qui nous concerne, à savoir la résolution eulérienne (maillage fixe) des équations de conservation pour un fluide incompressible, en présence d'un changement de phase solide-liquide dominé par des mouvements convectifs (convection-dominated phase change). Concernant les problèmes de transition de phase, diverses méthodes mathématiques et numériques ont été développées pour rendre compte finement de la physique de ces phénomènes. Après avoir effectué une revue de ces dernières dans la première partie du manuscrit, nous avons sélectionné deux formulations que nous avons implémenté dans OpenFOAM. Une fois ce travail réalisé nous avons taché de comparer les résultats renvoyés par ces différentes formulations en les confrontant aux résultats expérimentaux disponibles dans la littérature. Cela nous a permis d'une part de nous conforter dans l'utilisation de nos solveurs et sur la pertinence des résultats obtenus avec ces derniers et d'autre part de mettre en évidence les écarts entre les solutions renvoyées par chaque formulation. Fort de ce constat, nous avons souhaité évaluer l'impact de l'équation d'état utilisée pour relier l'enthalpie et la température, indispensable à la fermeture thermodynamique du système d'équations. Cette comparaison s'est faite par la simulation d'un échangeur type stockage thermique (simulations en 2D) et par l'analyse des performances de ce dernier lors des phases de stockage, de déstockage et au cours de plusieurs séries de cycles. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de conclure sur l'importance d'une bonne caractérisation des MCP afin de pouvoir modéliser leur comportement au plus juste via la formulation mathématique et la loi d'état la plus adaptée / A major technological lever to the industrial development of renewable energy production processes with high efficiency, is the development of an innovative solution to store the energy. This storage device should help to smooth the production period and to follow closely the demand. Among the existing solutions, latent heat thermal storage has many advantages that make today it is the subject of several research and development projects. This technology is based on the principle that certain classes of material, called phase change materials (PCMs), release (during liquid to solid transition) or accumulate (during solid to liquid transition) energy when subjected to a phase change. Upstream of the development of a new storage design, it is essential to understand and master the thermal processes involved in the melting and solidification phase of the material and this knowledge comes through the development of numerical models adapted to the problems encountered. In the particular context of this Phdthesis, the technological process that interests us is that of CSP (Concentrated Solar Power). Funded by ADEME under the STARS Project (Thermal STorage Applied to the expansion of pRoduction of thermodynamic Solar energy), the work done by the LaTEP is to analyze the performance of a storage solution by modeling the latter, considering the thermal and hydraulic phenomena. The modeling work is done with the free source OpenFOAM CFD software in which is developed and implemented by the laboratory, a new module dedicated to the problem we are concerned, namely the resolution of Eulerian (fixed grid) conservation equations for an incompressible fluid in the presence of a solid-liquid phase change dominated by convective motions. Regarding the phase transition problems, various mathematical and numerical methods have been developed to finely consider the physics of these phenomena. After conducting a review of methods in the first part of the Phd thesis, we selected two formulations that we have implemented in OpenFOAM. Once this work done, we have managed to compare the results returned from these formulations by comparing them with experimental results available in the literature and also with analytical cases. This allowed us firstly to strengthen us in the use of our solvers and the accuracy of the obtained results and secondly to highlight the differences between the solutions returned by each formulation. After that, we wanted to assess the impact of the equation of state used to connect the enthalpy to the temperature, essential for closing the thermodynamic equations. This comparison was made by the simulation of a thermal storage exchanger (2D simulation) and by analyzing the performance of this latter during the charge phase, the discharge one and during several series of cycles. The obtained results allowed us to conclude about the importance of a good characterization of PCM in order to model their behavior as accurately via the mathematical formulation and the most suitable state law

In this thesis work the feasibility of using open source OpenFOAM software as a solver part for Computation Fluid Dynamics in Volvo Technology is studied. Since the structure of the case in OpenFOAM is rather complex, one of the main purposes of this thesis work was also to make the process of using OpenFOAM as user-friendly as possible. The general conclusion that can be drawn from this work is that a very streamlined workflow can be, and has been, designed and created.

he primary objective of this study is to validate and/or identify issues for available numerical methods and turbulence models in OpenFOAM 2.0.0. Such a study will provide a guideline for users, will aid acceptance of OpenFOAM as one of the research solvers at institutions and also guide future multidisciplinary research using OpenFOAM. In addition, a problem of aerospace interest such as the flow features and vortex breakdown around a VFE-II model is obtained for SA, SST RANS and SA-DDES models and compared with DLR experiment. The available numerical methods such as time schemes, convection schemes, P-V couplings and turbulence models are tested as available for a fundamental case of a backward facing step for RANS and Hybrid RANSLES prediction of fully turbulent flow at a Reynolds number of 32000 and the OpenFOAM predictions are validated against experimental data by Driver et.al and compared with Fluent predictions.

In this research, hydrodynamic analysis, verification and validation will be performed on Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH) using OpenFOAM v1806 solver interFoam. The numerical simulation will be compared with the experimental result, which is a new set of high-quality experimental tests performed on a large model of a high deadrise prismatic planing hull with flat of chine, tested from pre-planing to fully planing regimes. Firstly, the mesh convergence study and Verification and Validation (V&V) study are performed on the basis of fixed attitude simulations. Three grids are chosen and used to perform the free attitude simulations at the highest speed. Then, mesh convergence study is conducted for the results of highest speed free body simulations, which helps us to choose two grids for other speeds simulations. By performing free attitude simulations using two grids, resistance, heave, trim angle, wetted chine length, and wetted keel length are calculated and compared at seven different tested speeds. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results analysis regards pressure distribution on the bottom of the hull and in particular areas of interest (flat of chine, spray area, etc.), friction coefficient and volume fraction of fluid in areas where the free surface undergoes violent deformations (overturning wave at the chine and in the wake, spray jet development area). Different algorithms for dynamic mesh simulation and their effect on the quality of CFD predictions are also investigated. / Master of Science / The paper presents the first series of results obtained in an ongoing validation and verification study of inter-dynamic OpenFOAM solver framework on a new set of high quality experimental tests performed on a large (2.4m long) generic planing hull model (GPPH) with high deadrise (18deg), from the pre-planning (Fn∇=2.6) to fully planing (Fn∇=5.7) regimes. This test case is a good benchmark for the free surface capturing model implemented in OpenFOAM which is based on a rather simple transport equation for an additional scalar field that defines the fraction of water in each cell of the computational mesh. This model, in spite of its simplicity, seems capable of reproducing complex violent free surface flows such as that observed in planing hulls, that includes jet spray forming on the bottom and detaching from the chine of the planing hull and overturning waves off the wet chine region, with some nuances. The dependence of the flow solution on the mesh quality is presented and discussed. Practical indication of the level of uncertainty of CFD models for the prediction of the calm water hydrodynamics of the GPPH is given at the highest simulated speed using both fixed and free attitude simulation solutions. Predictions are then extended to the whole speed range, including resistance components, dynamic trim, heave, wetted chine length, and wetted keel length.The effect due to algorithms is also discussed by modifying the settings in wall functions and solvers for the improvements of future simulation.

In the continuous casting of steels, clogging of the submerged entry nozzle has long been a persistent and costly issue. Previous modelling attempts have assumed that inclusions of different types exhibit the same degree of adhesion when colliding with the nozzle wall - an assumption not borne out by evidence in the literature. In this thesis, a dynamic clogging model is proposed which accounts for the effects of different degrees of inclusion-wall and inclusion-clog adhesion on clog formation and growth. The overall clogging model consists of several sub-models in order to account for the different physics. The melt flow and inclusion motion are modelled using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The inclusion adhesion behavior is determined by the use of a stochastic model activated when an inclusion collides with a surface. A user defined sticking probability is used to determine if an inclusion sticks to a surface (Swall for wall collision or Sclog for clog collision) or instead bounces off. A macroscopic model is used to determine clog growth, where the volume of clog in a cell is tracked and used to determine when the clog grows into adjacent cells. Finally, a modified Kozeny-Carmen equation is used as a porosity model so that the presence of the clog affects and diverts the melt flow. The modified melt flow then alters subsequent inclusion deposition and clog growth. The model is used to investigate the effects of different degrees of inclusion adhesion on inclusion deposition and clog growth. Three scenarios are examined - 1) Inclusion deposition in a pilot scale nozzle, 2) Inclusion deposition in an industrial scale slide-gate controlled nozzle and 3) Clog formation and growth in a pilot scale nozzle. The deposition studies indicate that in a pilot scale nozzle, only a minority of inclusions ever collide with the nozzle (≈ 10%). In contrast, in the industrial scale nozzle there are far more inclusion collisions with the nozzle wall, ranging from 80% when the slide-gate is 20% open to 30% when the slide-gate is 100% open. Despite the differences in nozzle geometry and flow conditions, a similar effect on inclusion deposition is seen when Swall is varied. The effects of Swall can be divided into two regimes. When 0 ≥ Swall < 0.05 there is a sharp increase in the deposition ratio as Swall increases. When Swall > 0.05 there is a small and linear increase in the deposition ratio as Swall increases. This pattern is also seen in the study of clog formation and growth in a pilot scale nozzle. The effects of Swall or Sclog on clog volume can be divided into two regimes. As Swall or Sclog increases, there is a large increase in clog volume, until the sticking probability increases above 1E-2, then any further increase results in only a small increase in clog volume. In comparison to literature data the model successfully simulates the location of clog formation, the initial jump in clogging factor and the clogging factor growth rate in the later stages of clogging. However, the model underestimates the overall increase in clogging factor, resulting in a clogging factor at the end of the simulation which is half of that seen in the experiment. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / One of the ongoing challenges in the continuous casting industry is the occurrence of nozzle clogging. Over time, a buildup of material occurs within the submerged entry nozzle, called a clog. The clog leads to the partial or complete blockage of the nozzle, resulting in increased production costs. Since studying this phenomena experimentally is difficult due to the high temperature and opacity of the molten steel, modelling provides a useful alternative approach. However, previous modelling efforts regarding nozzle clogging have treated all inclusions as exhibiting the same adhesion behavior. This thesis aims to address this issue by presenting a dynamic nozzle clogging model which accounts for the effects of different degrees of inclusion adhesion. The model is used to study both inclusion deposition and clog formation. Results indicate that even a small amount of sticking probability results in a significant degree of inclusion deposition and clogging. The effect of sticking probability on clogging can be divided into two regimes, one where the clogging is very sensitive to the sticking probability and one where it is insensitive. Finally, the model was shown to run adequately even on coarser meshes (meshes with a smaller number of larger cells), indicating its utility in industrial applications, where it can be used to predict the location of clog formation and the clog growth rate.