published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na análise das ferramentas utilizadas pelo Direito para a proteção do meio ambiente. Para a sua consecução, estudou-se doutrina, legislação, jurisprudência e dados fáticos disponíveis em veículos de mídia digital ou impressa e sítios eletrônicos oficiais. Foram, também, conduzidas entrevistas com autoridades públicas do Estado de São Paulo e visitas a proprietários de imóveis rurais. As constatações revelaram a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática da proteção do meio ambiente pode ser encarada. As principais contribuições desta pesquisa consistiram na demonstração da insuficiência do sistema de sanções negativas para a proteção do meio ambiente, sendo indispensável a criação de incentivos positivos às práticas favoráveis ao meio ambiente. Os principais temas desta dissertação foram tratados em capítulos próprios e puderam ser assim elencados: (i) o Direito Positivo e as normas jurídicas comentários quanto à positivação do Direito e a importância das normas ; (ii) a evolução do Direito Ambiental no Brasil e a sua finalidade tendências do Direito Ambiental no Brasil e a busca da proteção ambiental ; (iii) o regime de sanções negativas maneira como as sanções negativas são aplicadas e seus resultados ; (iv) o regime de incentivos maneira como os incentivos positivos são aplicados atualmente e propostas de utilização em outros casos ; (v) experiência brasileira na concessão de incentivos ambientais as previsões normativas já existentes e os resultados alcançados no Brasil ; e (vi) o Direito Internacional Ambiental e a experiência dos países na concessão de incentivos comentários sobre tratados internacionais e normas internas de outros países que utilizam incentivos positivos para a proteção do meio ambiente. Foi apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base no material analisado e no diálogo com autoridades públicas, acadêmicos e cidadãos brasileiros na vivência profissional do pesquisador. / The scope of this work was to study the tools provided by the Law for the protection of the environment. For this purpose, this work analyzed the following material: doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence and factual data available on digital or printed media channels, as well as official websites. Interviews with public authorities of the State of São Paulo and visits to rural properties were also carried out. The findings disclosed various points of view regarding environmental protection. The main contributions of this research consisted in demonstrating the failure of the system based on negative sanctions for the protection of the environment, reason why positive incentives for environmentally friendly practices must be created. This dissertation discoursed on the following main themes: (i) the Positive Law and the legal rules comments on the positivation of the Law and the importance of statutes ; (ii) the evolution of the Environmental Law in Brazil and its goal tendencies of the Environmental Law in Brazil and the pursuit of environmental protection ; (iii) the sanctions regime how penalties are applied and what are their results ; (iv) the incentives regime how positive incentives are currently applied and proposals for enforcement ; (v) the Brazilian experience in the enactment of environmental incentives the legal rules currently applicable and the results observed in Brazil ; and (vi) the International Environmental Law and the experience of countries in the giving of incentives comments on international treaties and domestic rules of countries that enacted positive incentives for the protection of the environment. The study formulated critical findings based on the material analyzed and on discussions held with public authorities, students and citizens during the professional experience of the researcher.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (specialising in Taxation). Johannesburg, 25 March 2015 / The research reviews the legislation pertaining to the understatement penalty provisions of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011. The problems associated with the levying of understatement penalties in the previous legislation are determined. A detailed evaluation is made of the understatement penalty provisions, with an emphasis on the determinants for the ‘behaviour’ and ‘case’ types, and the penalty percentages derived therefrom. The fiscus’s stated goals and intentions in respect of the understatement penalties are identified and reviewed to determine if they are aligned with those considered to be international best practice. The requirements of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 are reviewed with respect to the understatement penalties. A comparative analysis of South Africa’s understatement penalties and those of tax authorities identified as having similar tax administration regimes is presented. The research suggests that while a more systematic and uniform approach, to understatement penalties, has been established under the new legislation, the subjective nature of the ‘behaviour’ and ‘case’ determinants applied is likely to result in disputes between the South African Revenue Service (SARS) and the taxpayer. The research indicates that while the categories and nature of understatement penalties levied are broadly aligned with those of comparable countries’ regimes, the penalty percentages applied in South Africa, are relatively high. Key words and terms: understatement penalties, international best practice, goals, uniform, systematic, ‘behaviour’, ‘case’, subjective, similar tax administration regimes, penalty percentages. / MT2016

This research critically analyses and compares how the United Arab Emirates (UAE)1 Law and English and Welsh (EW) Law regulates obligations in a contract, for a thing that is to come into existence in the future, namely a construction contract. Uncertainty/speculation as to how an obligation is to be performed in UAE Law is termed gharar. The word that is synonymous with this terminology in EW Law is “risk”. The extent of gharar or ‘risk’ (these terms are used on an interchangeable basis in this thesis) in an obligation plays a fundamental role in the profitability of a construction contract. Where losses become unacceptable, particularly for the Contractor, a dispute will arise. These circumstances may be in conflict with UAE Law, which obligates parties to a contract to ensure circulation of wealth by maintaining the anticipated profit to be made from a contract. This analysis also reviews how the level of gharar or ‘risk’ can be increased by operation of two types of provision that are included in standard forms of construction contract such as the International Federation of Consulting Engineers, Geneva, Switzerland (FIDIC) Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer 1st Ed. 1999 (FIDIC99). The first is a provision that releases the Employer from liability where the Contractor does not give timely notice of an Employer’s act of prevention. The second is a provision giving the Employer a discretion to act in an opportunistic manner, and exempt or limit his liability. It considers how FIDIC99 should be applied to control gharar or ‘risk’ in a positive way. It also identifies similarities between how UAE Law controls gharar and that of the notion of parties’ reasonable expectations in contract Law (herein referred to as parties’ expectations), and how relational contracts operate to ensure parties achieve their expectations.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-12T12:35:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herbert Cornelio Pieter de Bruyn Júnior.pdf: 2562710 bytes, checksum: ff22edd588ef90bbf07e3a5bc3ed4e38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T12:35:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Herbert Cornelio Pieter de Bruyn Júnior.pdf: 2562710 bytes, checksum: ff22edd588ef90bbf07e3a5bc3ed4e38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / This thesis intends to demonstrate the constitutionality of the forfeiture penalty in the Brazilian Customs Law through a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis of the rule. It examines, therefore, the concept of sanctions, the foreign trade context, the meaning of this penalty in the current legislation and the way the administrative bodies and case law have applied these rules / Com o escopo de demonstrar a constitucionalidade da pena de perdimento no Direito Aduaneiro brasileiro, esta tese analisa a questão sobre os prismas sintático, semântico e pragmático da norma. Analisa-se, portanto, o conceito de sanção, o contexto do comércio exterior, o significado dessa pena na legislação vigente, bem como a maneira pela qual, tem-se dado, pela administração e jurisprudência, a aplicação dessas normas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Fiori Puccetti.pdf: 649184 bytes, checksum: b522eb74d7a5b5bc5824a9832320682e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / The paper concerns an investigation of the legal regime of infractions and penalties applicable to private agents in the subject-matter of public tenders and administrative contracts, and address questions related that comprise the analysis of the infractions and sanctions in species, existent in the Brazilian legal system, the presuppositions and procedures to the verification and sanctioning, as well as acquaint their aspects and extension. Are types of special relationship of submission, characterized by the bond of differentiated approximation, what entails to acknowledge its differentiated legal regime from ordinary relationship of submission, within the sanctioning administrative law / O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma investigação do regime jurídico das infrações e sanções aplicáveis aos particulares, em matéria de licitações e contratos administrativos e abordar questões correlatas que abrangem a análise das infrações e sanções em espécie, previstas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, os pressupostos e procedimento para apuração e sancionamento, bem como conhecer-lhes as feições e extensão. São espécies de relação de sujeição especial, caracterizadas pelo vínculo de aproximação diferenciado, o que implica reconhecer-lhe regime jurídico diferenciado das relações de sujeição geral, dentro do Direito Administrativo Sancionador

Order-picking operations constitute the costliest activities in a warehouse. The order-picking problem (OPP) aims to determine the route of the picker(s) in such a way that the total order-picking time, hence the order-picking costs are minimized. In this study, a warehouse that consists of parallel pick aisles is assumed, and various versions of the OPP are considered. Although the single-picker version of the problem has been well studied in the literature, the multiple-picker version has not received much attention in terms of algorithmic approaches. The literature also does not take into account the time taken by the number of turns during the picking route. In this thesis, a detailed discussion is made regarding the computational complexity of the OPP with a single picker. A heuristic procedure, which makes use of the exact algorithm for the OPP with no middle aisles, is proposed for the single-picker OPP with middle aisles, and computational results on randomly generated problems are given. Additionally, an evolutionary algorithm that makes use of the cluster-first, route-second and route-first, cluster-second heuristics for the VRP is provided. The parameters of the algorithm are determined based on preliminary runs and the algorithm is also tested on randomly generated problems, with different weights given to the cluster-first, route-second and route-first, cluster-second approaches. Lastly, a polynomial time algorithm is proposed for the problem of minimizing the number of turns in a parallel-aisle warehouse.

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