The aim of this thesis is to analyse position and possibilities of a municipality in the Czech Republic in the field of environmental protection. The thesis is divided into six basic parts. The Introduction briefly illustrates the importance of municipalities and explains the system of this thesis. Chapter One deals with the environment, especially with its protection under the Czech constitutional law. Municipalities and their bodies are characterised in Chapter Two. The next chapter describes the town and country planning and examples of bylaws issued by a municipality within its separate power in order to protect the environment. Chapter Four introduces the legal instruments which can be used by a municipality in environmental protection within delegated power. In the Conclusion, the author draws attention on several problems connected with participation of municipalities in environmental protection, nevertheless he highlights that municipalities play an unquestionable role in this field.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na análise das ferramentas utilizadas pelo Direito para a proteção do meio ambiente. Para a sua consecução, estudou-se doutrina, legislação, jurisprudência e dados fáticos disponíveis em veículos de mídia digital ou impressa e sítios eletrônicos oficiais. Foram, também, conduzidas entrevistas com autoridades públicas do Estado de São Paulo e visitas a proprietários de imóveis rurais. As constatações revelaram a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática da proteção do meio ambiente pode ser encarada. As principais contribuições desta pesquisa consistiram na demonstração da insuficiência do sistema de sanções negativas para a proteção do meio ambiente, sendo indispensável a criação de incentivos positivos às práticas favoráveis ao meio ambiente. Os principais temas desta dissertação foram tratados em capítulos próprios e puderam ser assim elencados: (i) o Direito Positivo e as normas jurídicas comentários quanto à positivação do Direito e a importância das normas ; (ii) a evolução do Direito Ambiental no Brasil e a sua finalidade tendências do Direito Ambiental no Brasil e a busca da proteção ambiental ; (iii) o regime de sanções negativas maneira como as sanções negativas são aplicadas e seus resultados ; (iv) o regime de incentivos maneira como os incentivos positivos são aplicados atualmente e propostas de utilização em outros casos ; (v) experiência brasileira na concessão de incentivos ambientais as previsões normativas já existentes e os resultados alcançados no Brasil ; e (vi) o Direito Internacional Ambiental e a experiência dos países na concessão de incentivos comentários sobre tratados internacionais e normas internas de outros países que utilizam incentivos positivos para a proteção do meio ambiente. Foi apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base no material analisado e no diálogo com autoridades públicas, acadêmicos e cidadãos brasileiros na vivência profissional do pesquisador. / The scope of this work was to study the tools provided by the Law for the protection of the environment. For this purpose, this work analyzed the following material: doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence and factual data available on digital or printed media channels, as well as official websites. Interviews with public authorities of the State of São Paulo and visits to rural properties were also carried out. The findings disclosed various points of view regarding environmental protection. The main contributions of this research consisted in demonstrating the failure of the system based on negative sanctions for the protection of the environment, reason why positive incentives for environmentally friendly practices must be created. This dissertation discoursed on the following main themes: (i) the Positive Law and the legal rules comments on the positivation of the Law and the importance of statutes ; (ii) the evolution of the Environmental Law in Brazil and its goal tendencies of the Environmental Law in Brazil and the pursuit of environmental protection ; (iii) the sanctions regime how penalties are applied and what are their results ; (iv) the incentives regime how positive incentives are currently applied and proposals for enforcement ; (v) the Brazilian experience in the enactment of environmental incentives the legal rules currently applicable and the results observed in Brazil ; and (vi) the International Environmental Law and the experience of countries in the giving of incentives comments on international treaties and domestic rules of countries that enacted positive incentives for the protection of the environment. The study formulated critical findings based on the material analyzed and on discussions held with public authorities, students and citizens during the professional experience of the researcher.

The presented thesis analyzes legal regulation concerning protection of nature and landscape in relation to climbing in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to create a comprehensive overview on legal aspects of climbing and its critical analysis. For these reasons the thesis attends to another activity closely connected to climbing which is movement of persons in free nature. Rights of owners of properties as one of the important private law aspects is considered as well. The key part addresses itself to legal regulation of climbing in specially protected areas which are important locations for the subject activity. Conclusions of the thesis are based on not only legislative and regulatory acts, but many administrative decisions and measures of general nature issued by nature conservation authority. The thesis is divided into six thematically intertwined chapters. These chapters pursue a definition of climbing, an identification of reasons for which law regulation is needed and mainly presentation and analysis of legal regulation and legal aspects of climbing including issues of responsibility according to both private and public law. The thesis may serve specialists in the field of law as source of information on the subject activity as well as on partial legal institutes of protection of the...

Delictual liability of natural persons in the environmental protection I have chosen the subject delictual liability of natural persons in environmental protection for topic of my Master's degree thesis. The first reason why I have opted for this subject is due to the fact the environment is present everywhere and is a resource that needs to be protected as it is necessary to the human kind to survive. The law is one of the most powerful tools that can help protecting the environment. The second reason is that it does allow me to link several other law areas of interest which are administrative, criminal and environmental. The thesis contains three main parts. The first one is mainly dedicated to the legal liability while focusing on the responsibility in the environmental law. Also are mentioned the fundamental principles of the delictual liability in the Constitution. The second part relate to the criminal liability of natural persons in the environmental protection, starting from the basics of the international and European Union law. Further to this I have reviewed the past history in the Czech Republic, with supporting dated examples, showing how effectively the environment has been preserved by the criminal law. I have continued with a review of the current situation of how the environment is being...

Rights and obligations of the agricultural land ownership The purpose of my thesis is to make a summary of rights and obligations of the agricultural land ownership, describe and evaluate problems related to status of agricultural land owner. The thesis is composed of seven chapters, each of them allows to come to know aspects of the land ownership. Chapter One generally represents an ownership of the land with accent on a constitutional right, because proprietary right is one of the basic human rights. Because everybody has the right to own property and nobody can be deprived unlawfully of the property. Chapter Two describes historical development of ownership and chapter Third depicts an object of ownership, i.e. agricultural land, thus which means as a component of enviroment and as a production means of a primary human livelihood. Chapter Four defines a land owner, especially state into role of owner and process of restitution and of sale state land. Chapter Five is devoted to rights. This chapter is subdivided into four parts, part one is about tenure, second part about use of agricultural land. Next part is about treatment of land and the last part pays attention to civil action as protection of ownership. Extensively there is described a lease of land. Chapter Six is the principal and incorporates...

The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the legal regulation systems in the Czech Republic and Poland, compare them, show the attitudes of the two countries on this issue and propose potential changes in Czech legislation. The comparative method of research was chosen because of its suitability for the geographical, historical and social proximity between the Czech Republic and Poland. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One illustrates the historical development of legal regulation and is divided into three subchapters, the first dealing with Czech history, the second with Polish history and the last with the history of the Krkonoše/Karkonosze National Park, now a transboundary park (from the very beginning, the Czech and the Polish parts cooperated with each other). The second chapter consists of four parts and concerns international law. Subchapter One is about historical development, Subchapter Two focuses on IUCN, Subchapter Three contains two parts - examples of international and regional treaties. Subchapter Four describes transboundary cooperation and transnational forms of nature preservation in the Krkonoše/Karkonosze National Park. Chapter Three characterises EU legislation. Subchapter One is devoted to historical development, Subchapter Two is divided into four parts: Birds...

Este trabalho visa à análise crítica dos instrumentos jurídicos utilizados para a defesa do meio ambiente, em especial o licenciamento ambiental. Traçando os fundamentos teóricos do direito ambiental e passando, em seguida, ao exame dos instrumentos propriamente ditos, esta tese de doutoramento apresenta estudo de caso da implantação do Complexo Petroquímico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro COMPERJ, trazendo as irregularidades jurídicas e técnicas que marcaram seu processo de licenciamento. Por fim, o trabalho aponta deficiências ligadas à atuação do Ministério Público, à ingerência política num procedimento que se suporia técnico e à pouca efetividade dos dispositivos que garantem a efetiva participação popular, trazendo algumas sugestões para a minimização destes problemas. / This paper aims to review the legal instruments for the protection of the environment, especially the environmental licensing. Mapping the theoretical foundations of environmental law and analyzing the instruments themselves, this work introduces a leading case of the implementation of the Petrochemical Complex of Rio de Janeiro - COMPERJ, bringing the legal and technical irregularities which occurred during the licensing process. Finally, this research show not only the deficiencies related to the performance of prosecutors, but also the political interference that takes place in a procedure that should be basically technical. The little effectiveness of arrangements to ensure the democratic participation is also presented. At the end, the paper brings some suggestions in order to minimize the mentioned problems.

Il y a près de quatre décennies, Claude LEGAIT un Français de Vandoeuvre, à la suite d’un séjour à Poa en Haute-Volta, actuel Burkina-Faso, crée en 1978, avec quelques amis, dont Guy AUFRERE, le premier président Les Amis de Sabou, association loi 1901, destinée à venir en aide à ses amis voltaïques, lesquels manquaient de tout ou presque, notamment dans les secteurs de la santé et de l’éducation. La jeune association lance, sous la tutelle de la F.M.V.J., ses premiers chantiers envoie des médicaments et engage l’‘‘opération bulldozer’’ qui permet de faire connaitre l’association dans la Z.U.P. de Vandoeuvre et au-delà, et aussi le village de Poa, qui est à cette époque un canton de la sous-préfecture de Sabou. Hommes déterminés, Claude LEGAIT, Guy AUFRERE et son successeur Gérard VOREAUX et bien d’autres encore, hommes et femmes, entament alors les négociations avec les municipalités lorraines pour la mise en place d’un jumelage avec le canton de Poa. Au terme de multiples négociations, le jumelage est finalement conclu entre Vandoeuvre et la sous-préfecture de Sabou en décembre 1982, en présence de Francis CROMBEZ, représentant du maire de Vandoeuvre, Richard POUILLE. Président de 1981 à 2014, Gérard VOREAUX donne plus d’ampleur à l’action de l’association qui entraîne à partir de 1985 la ville allemande de Lemgo dans le jumelage. Dès cet instant, le paysage de Sabou et particulièrement de Poa, grâce au recentrage du jumelage en 1991, se transforme grâce par la présence de centaines de volontaires français venus de la Lorraine travaillant chaque été avec leurs Amis burkinabés, à la construction de dizaines de bâtiments destinés à l’éducation et à la santé prioritairement. En 1994 Les Amis de Sabou deviennent Les Amis de Poa. En 2009, le renouvellement du serment de jumelage entre les maires de Vandoeuvre, Stéphane HABLOT et de Poa, Jean ZONGO apparaît comme le signe de la confiance faite aux acteurs et de la qualité des échanges entre les deux communautés, qui éclaire d’un jour nouveau les relations franco-africaines. / Several decades ago, Claude LEGAIT, a Frenchman of Vandœuvre, create in 1978 with a few friends, one of whom is Guy AUFRERE, an association called Les Amis de Sabou (The Law of Associations, 1901) after one of his travels to Poa in the Republic of Upper Volta, now Burkina-Faso. The organisation was established to aid said friends in the region, who often faced precarious living standards in health and education. To change the situation, the association led by Claude LEGAIT and its president Guy AUFRERE, organised under FMVJ’s supervision the first projects involving the shipment of medication, and the start of Operation Bulldozer, which would make the association known both in the ZUP of Vandœuvre and beyond, but also in the village of Poa, which at that time was a canton of the sub prefecture of Sabou.Claude LEGAIT and Guy AUFRERE were determined. The successor of AUFRERE, Gerard VOREAUX, and several others, started to negotiate with municipalities of the Lorraine region so to institute a town twinning initiative with the canton of Poa. After various negations, the town twinning project was finally established between Vandœuvre and the sub prefecture of Sabou in december 1982, in presence of Francis CROMBEZ, the representative of the mayor of Vandœuvre, Richard POUILLE. President from 1981 to 2014, Gerard VOREAUX gives more scope to the action of the association which trains from 1985 the German city of Lemgo in the twinning.From that moment on, Sabou’s, and more particularly Poa’s landscape was going to transform, thanks to a reformation of the town twinning agreement in 1991. Equally, thousands of French volunteers coming from Lorraine worked with their Burkinabe peers to edify infrastructure for education and health purposes. In 1994, Les Amis de Sabou was renamed Les Amis de Poa.In 2009, the renewing of the town twinning agreement between the mayor of Vandœuvre, Stéphane HALBOT and the mayor of Poa, Jean ZONGO were thought as a token of faith in all the actors involved, while the quality of exchanges between the town twins reflected the positive prospect of a convincing Franco-African alliance.

Este trabalho visa à análise crítica dos instrumentos jurídicos utilizados para a defesa do meio ambiente, em especial o licenciamento ambiental. Traçando os fundamentos teóricos do direito ambiental e passando, em seguida, ao exame dos instrumentos propriamente ditos, esta tese de doutoramento apresenta estudo de caso da implantação do Complexo Petroquímico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro COMPERJ, trazendo as irregularidades jurídicas e técnicas que marcaram seu processo de licenciamento. Por fim, o trabalho aponta deficiências ligadas à atuação do Ministério Público, à ingerência política num procedimento que se suporia técnico e à pouca efetividade dos dispositivos que garantem a efetiva participação popular, trazendo algumas sugestões para a minimização destes problemas. / This paper aims to review the legal instruments for the protection of the environment, especially the environmental licensing. Mapping the theoretical foundations of environmental law and analyzing the instruments themselves, this work introduces a leading case of the implementation of the Petrochemical Complex of Rio de Janeiro - COMPERJ, bringing the legal and technical irregularities which occurred during the licensing process. Finally, this research show not only the deficiencies related to the performance of prosecutors, but also the political interference that takes place in a procedure that should be basically technical. The little effectiveness of arrangements to ensure the democratic participation is also presented. At the end, the paper brings some suggestions in order to minimize the mentioned problems.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the description and analysis of legal aspects of gold mining. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. The second chapter provides the elementary overview of the characteristics of gold, its extraction and gold ore processing methods. The third chapter deals with the sources of legal regulation of mining and reminds the historical development of this legal branch. The fourth chapter is in detail concerned with individual phases of the reserved minerals mining. The fifth chapter introduces the main impacts of gold mining and mineral raw material extraction respectively on the environment and people. The sixth chapter analyzes basic legal instruments of environmental protection exercised in mining, focuses on their application and deals with their suitability. The conclusion of this thesis is focused on evaluation of topics discussed in previous chapters, primarily summarizes particular aspects of gold mining and problematics of legal regulation of mining and environmental protection used in this field. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)