• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Trois essais sur l'économie de la migration / Three essays on the economics of migration

Seror, Marlon 04 December 2017 (has links)
Une des marques du développement est la résorption du décalage entre la distribution spatiale de l’activité économique et celle de la population. Cette thèse étudie les conséquences d’une telle résorption sous l’effet de la migration ou d’une redistribution géographique de l’activité économique. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à la relation entre migrants internationaux et foyers d’origine. Il met en lumière l’importance, pour les envois de fonds et les investissements, des croyances des migrants et de l’asymétrie d’information, aggravée par la distance, entre migrants et destinataires de ces envois. Le deuxième chapitre explore la transformation de l’économie d’accueil sous l’effet d’un afflux de migrants venus des campagnes en ville, en Chine. Il mesure d’abord leur impact sur le marché du travail à destination, puis examine comment ils affectent l’allocation des facteurs de production et les contraintes rencontrées par les entreprises sur les marchés du travail et du capital. Le troisième chapitre étudie l’impact sur le long terme d’un vaste programme d’industrialisation réalisé en Chine, et montre un retour de fortune. Ce renversement est imputé aux distorsions introduites sur le marché du travail local par la présence de grands complexes manufacturiers. Ce chapitre met en évidence le rôle de la migration pour surmonter ces imperfections et amener l’étape ultérieure de la transformation structurelle : le passage de l’industrie lourde à la production de biens de consommation et de services. / A key characteristic of the process of economic development is the shrinking spatial mismatch between economic activity and population. This thesis analyzes what happens when this spatial mismatch is reduced, as people’s places of residence and work or the geographical distribution of economic activity is altered. Chapter I deals with the relationship between international migrants and their households of origin. It sheds light on the importance for remittances and investments of migrants' beliefs and the information asymmetry between remittance senders and recipients that distance aggravates. Chapter II explores the transformation of the receiving economy due to an influx of rural-to-urban migrants in China. It first quantifies the effect of immigrants on the labor market at destination, and then investigates their impact on the reallocation of production factors and factor-market constraints faced by urban firms. Chapter III focuses on the long-term impact of a large industrialization plan in China. It reveals a reversal pattern due to the distortions in local labor markets induced by the presence of big plants. It highlights the role of migration in overcoming such imperfections and in bringing about the later stage of structural transformation—from heavy industry to consumption goods and services.
2

[pt] CICLOS DE NEGÓCIOS EM NÍVEL DE PAÍS E INCENTIVOS FISCAIS EM NÍVEL DE FIRMA: DOIS ENSAIOS EMPÍRICOS EM MACROECONOMIA E ECONOMIA DO TRABALHO / [en] COUNTRY-LEVEL BUSINESS CYCLES AND FIRM-LEVEL FISCAL INCENTIVES: TWO EMPIRICAL ESSAYS ON MACRO AND LABOR ECONOMICS

JOAO PEDRO CAVALEIRO DOS REIS VELLOSO 25 February 2022 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese é composta por dois artigos. No primeiro, nós propomos e implementamos um novo índice de vulnerabilidade que é baseado em um VAR bayesiano, estrutural e que pode variar no tempo e junto com um hipótese de exogeneidade em bloco para um determinado par composto por uma economia grande e uma pequena economia aberta. O índice é baseado na soma das respostas da pequena economia aberta a choques na economia grande ao longo do tempo. Isso permite que nós consigamos distinguir e medir as fontes dos choques, varáveis impactadas e duração do co-movimento ou vulnerabilidade. Nosso índice sugere que a vulnerabilidade é determinada principalmente por características específicas de cada par de países, mas tendências mais gerais de descasamento podem ser observadas em um número considerável de pares de países, especialmente em janelas mais longas. Nós propomos uma aplicação desse método a um arcabouço de bancos globais - o que nos permite medir alguns mecanismos teóricos nunca antes medidos. Usando uma amostra de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, nós não econtramos evidência da prevalência de tais mecanismos sobre co-movimento. No segundo artigo, estudamos como incentivos fiscais impactam o comportamento da firma. Incentivos fiscais tem impacto sobre salários? Incentivos fiscais tem impacto sobre a composição da força de trabalho das firmas? E tem impacto sobre o tamanho dessas firmas? Para responder essas perguntas, combinamos a RAIS com uma nova base de dados - no nível da firma - de dois programas de incentivos fiscais do estado do Espírito Santo - Invest-ES e Compete-ES. Usando o estimador de diferenças em diferenças para efeitos de tratamento intertemporais, nós estumaos os impactos desses programas no nível municipal e, pela primeira vez, no nível das firmas. Nós não encontramos impacto significativo de de incentivos fiscais em quaisquer variáveis de nível municipal. No nível das firmas, por outro lado, nossos resultados indicam que há uma maior migração vinda de outros municípios do estado do Espírito Santo e também indicam que há um crescimento temporário no número de empregos nas firmas tratadas. Com relação a salário e níveis educacionais da força de trabalho, não foi documentado qualquer impacto significativo. / [en] This thesis is composed of two articles. In the first one, we propose and implement a new index of vulnerability which is based on a structural time-varying bayesian VAR with a block-exogeneity hypothesis for a given pair of a large economy and a small open economy. The index is based on the sum of the responses of the small open economy to shocks in the large economy over time, thus allowing us to disentangle and measure the source of the shock, impact variables and duration of the co-movement or vulnerability. Our index suggests that the business cycle co-movement is led primarily by country-pair characteristics, but decoupling trends can be observed in a considerable number of country-pairs, specially at long term windows. We provide an application of this approach to a global banks framework - which allows us to measure some yet unmeasured theoretical mechanisms. Using a sample of developed and developing countries, we find no evidence of the prevalence of such mechanisms in business cycle co-movement. In the second article, we study how tax incentives impact the firm s behavior and choices in the labor market. Do tax incentives affect wages? Do these incentives alter the composition of a firm s labor force? And what about its size? To answer these questions, we merge RAIS - a linked Brazilian employer-employee dataset - with a novel, firm-level, dataset on two fiscal incentives programs in the state of Espírito Santo - Invest-ES and Compete-ES. By using a differences-in-differences estimator of intertemporal treatment effects, we study the impacts of these programs on municipality-level and, for the first time, firm-level variables. We do not find statistically significant impact of fiscal incentives on any relevant municipality-level variables. On firm-level variables, however, our results point to higher migration from other municipalities in the state of Espírito Santo and temporary growth in the number of jobs. Regarding wages and educational levels of the labor force, no statistically significant impact was documented.

Page generated in 0.0446 seconds