This thesis reads the poetry and poetics of Charles Bernstein in relation to his interest in sophistry and sophistics. Taking his 1987 volume The Sophist as a central text, the influence of a sense of sophistics is developed across his wider range of published works. This involves identifying some of the many different interpretations of the sophists throughout the history of philosophy, from the early dismissals by Plato and Aristotle to the more recent reappraisals of their works. A secondary aspect of the thesis is in examining the renewal of interest in the Ancient Greek sophists and suggesting some of the affinities between contemporary literary theory and poetics and the fragments of the works of the major sophists (primarily Protagoras and Gorgias). Finally, I suggest that The Sophist itself is a valuable and contemporaneous re-examination of sophistic ideas, that in fact goes further than those by academics from within philosophy and rhetoric by virtue of employing the stylistic innovations and linguistic experimentation that was so central to the sophistic approach.

The objective of the thesis is to enhance the role of poetry within the literacy education at grammar schools, which has been on the edge of teacher's and student's interest since a while. Following the existing binding rules of education the thesis is made to build up a positive attitude to poetry in students and targets to improve their knowledge and personal approach to this part of literature. While being focused on that its content struggles to extend their theoretical skills of literary interpretation as well as practical ones. Last but not least the thesis would like to avoid the stereotypes teachers keep about poetry and its application at school.

Janet Frame (1924-2004) is known for being one of the most prolific, translated, and unconventional New Zealand novelists. Her work, however, includes a vast production of poems, which scholars and translators have ignored or, at least, not considered worthy for a comprehensive approach to her. Frame's work has undergone the further limitation of a strongly biography-based hermeneutics: from the gossiping around her alleged schizophrenia, to the popularity of the filmic version of her autobiography (An Angel at My Table) by Jane Campion, and the countless legends that have sprung around her, she has often been stigmatised and labelled the 'mad writer' of Campion's movie. This thesis links the risks of the life/myth-driven perspectives to the current lack of interest in Frame's poetry. Her poetic production is here presented as a fundamental part of her oeuvre and her idiosyncratic approach to writing. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature on Frame and thus reconfigure her role as a poet. Through a combination of methodologies grounded in literary and verse translation theories, creativity and genre studies, poststructuralism and postcolonialism, this thesis investigates the most significant traits of Frame's prose and poetry, particularly the traits shared by both. It critiques past translations of Frame's prose into Italian where these have not taken into account the poetic value of her work, and suggests strategies for the translation of her verse into Italian, arguing that an informed approach to her poetry in translation may greatly contribute to a reconfiguration and re-evaluation of her legacy.

(in English) In this diploma thesis we will focus on the current possibilities of using the region as a motive and an instrument of poetic narration on the Czech - polish example. In recent years, regional literature has represented widely discussed, yet still semantically and conceptually ambiguous field in the area of literary theory. First part of thesis represents the basic concepts for research of regionalism in literature and also works with selected theories of Czech and Polish literary theorists. Second part presents interpretative chapters, which are concentrated on a concrete schemes of region in poems collections by Czech and Polish poets.

Mwanadamu amejaribu kwa vyovyote vile kuvumbua na kunyumbua mambo mapya ambayo yataleta mvuto na kupimia akili yake kiubunifu katika hali ya kutaka kutangamana zaidi na binadamu mwenzake au kutaka kuelewa zaidi ulimwengu wake. Ndiposa washairi wengi wa kisasa wanashikilia kwamba ulimwengu unabadilika na hivyo utamaduni wa ushairi lazima ubadilike. Katika wasilisho hili tunajadili mabadiliko haya ya kimaumbo na athari zake katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Si lengo letu kushawishi msomaji kujiunga na kikundi fulani cha ushairi bali kuangazia hoja mwafaka zinazotokana na mivutano na mikinzano katika mabadiliko haya, na namna mitazamo hii inavyofanikisha maendeleo ya ushairi.

[pt] O foco principal desta dissertação consiste em apresentar aspectos fundamentais da inventividade poética de William Carlos Williams (1883-1963) cujas fecundações em diversos sistemas poéticos ocidentais se fazem notar desde, pelo menos, o meio do século XX. Com base em levantamentos de dados, considerações críticas, análises textuais e traduções comentadas, a pesquisa é organizada em sete partes: (I) à guisa de introdução; (II) sobrevoo biográfico; (III) mapeamento da recepção de Williams no Brasil; (IV) fundamentação teórica; (V) a busca por uma nova forma, a formulação do Verso Livre Novo e primeiras traduções; (VI) a estética de objetos williamsiana e outras traduções; (VII) comentários finais e apontamentos futuros. O que se busca, ao longo de todas as etapas da investigação, é a formulação de ferramentas teóricas, críticas e tradutórias para abordar a obra em questão. Do mesmo modo, e consequentemente, o trabalho procura apontar caminhos para o enriquecimento do repertório da poesia brasileira, na medida em que visa preencher importantes lacunas de informação e tradução em relação a toda uma linhagem poética cujo ponto de inflexão, a obra de Williams, é iluminado em seus aspectos mais produtivos e fecundantes. / [en] The aim of this master s thesis is to present fundamental aspects of the inventiveness of William Carlos Williams poetry that have fertilized Western poetry since at least the middle of the 20th century. Based on critical considerations, textual analyses and commented translations, the research is organized in seven parts: (I) introduction; (II) biographical sketch; (III) a mapping of Williams reception in Brazil; (IV) theoretical foundation; (V) the struggle for a new form, the formulation of the New Free Verse and first translations; (VI) Williamsian aesthetics of objects and other translations; (VII) final comments and future research. The material intends to provide theoretical, translational and critical tools to approach the work in question, as well as to enrich the repertoire of the Brazilian poetry, since it seeks to fill in major gaps concerning information on and translation of an entire poetic lineage, and illuminating some of the most productive and fruitful aspects of its turning point, the poetry of William Carlos Williams.

No description available.

[pt] Esta pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre as gravações de voz realizadas por poetas e o desenvolvimento do verso livre novo. Partindo da hipótese de que este tipo de gravação teria se tornado, para poetas que trabalham com o verso livre, um efetivo modo de escrita e entendendo as gravações como possível prática artística mais do que mero registro ou arquivo, os poemas, escritos e gravados, são analisados aqui principalmente a partir da relação entre sua dimensão gráfica e sonora. O trabalho do poeta estadunidense Frank O Hara é o principal objeto da análise. / [en] This research analyzes the act of recording the voice when made by poets. Looking at this type of recording as a possible way of writing, and understanding it also as an artistic practice more than merely a kind of archive, the poems, written and recorded, are analyzed here mainly as regards their relationship between their graphic and sound dimension. The American poet Frank O Hara is taken and analyzed as the main example of this practice.

Contemporary Swahili poetry is developing according to three main trends. The followers of the first trend - the so called "traditionalists" - stick to classic forms of old Swahili poetry. Following the Swahili canon of versification, traditionalists continue to be within the limits of two main genres of old Swahili literature - tendi (long poems) and mashairi (moderate lyrics and philosophical verses). In Swahili poetry foregoing sudden changes were marked by the appearance of a group of young authors on the poetic stage in the 1970s, who gave a dare to tradition. Their venture radically changed the character of Swahili literature, marking the appearance of the second trend of Swahili poetry, the \\\"new\\\" or \\\"modernistic\\\" poetry. But along with traditional and \\\"modernistic\\\" schools there exists a third trend of Swahili poetry - it is that sort of versification, which one may call \\\"transitional\\\". In general it looks lile pure \\\"modernism\\\", where at first sight one cannot see even the faintest resemblance with the traditional canon, but the more careful search makes it obvious that there is a true continuity between traditional and contemporary art. The best examples of such transformation are the poems of two prominent figures of contemporary Swahili poetry, the Tanzanians Theobald Mvungi and Said Ahmed Mohamed.

[pt] A dissertação consiste em uma tradução comentada de Mean Free Path (2010), último livro de poesia de Ben Lerner, poeta e romancista estadunidense contemporâneo. Lerner desenvolve uma poética marcada por colisões e fragmentações, com choques de sentido de um verso para outro, versos fora de ordem, recombinados etc. Tais características dispararam reflexões sobre as escolhas tradutórias, comentadas em notas (relativas aos versos), às quais são entrelaçados conceitos teóricos caros aos estudos de tradução poética, que atribuem ao tradutor um papel ativo. A linguagem do autor se articula com a forma como se dá a comunicação nos dias de hoje. / [en] The thesis consists of an annotated translation of Mean Free Path (2010), the latest poetry book written by the contemporary American poet and novelist Ben Lerner. He creates a poetic language marked by collisions and fragmentations, with disruptions to the meanings from one line to another, lines out of order or recombined etc. These features triggered reflections on the translation choices, which are discussed in notes on specific lines. Theoretical concepts relevant to the study of poetry translation, which give translators an active role, are intertwined with the notes. The author s poetic language is attuned to the way people communicate nowadays.