Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / This study traces a particular instance in the evolution of Indigenous organisation at Ngukurr, as it developed from mission to town. It is framed in terms of a contrast between centralised and laterally extended forms of organisation, as characteristic modes associated with Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. It is also framed in terms of a contrast between orders of value indicative of centralised hierarchies and laterally extended forms of organisation. Central to this account is the way in which evolving social orders provide different foci for the realisation of authority and autonomy in people’s lives at Ngukurr. I trace the ways in which missionaries and government agents have repeatedly presented autonomy to Aboriginal people at Ngukurr as a form of self-sufficiency, both in the course of colonial and post-colonial regimes in Australia. I also trace a failure in Aboriginal affairs policies to recognise forms of sociality and organisation that do not operate to locate the autonomous subject in a hierarchy of relations, premised on the capacity of individuals for economic independence. I also address Aboriginal responses to non-Indigenous interventions at Ngukurr, which have largely differed from missionary and policy aims. I show how Aboriginal evangelism emerged as a response to assimilation initiatives, which affirmed an evolving Indigenous system of differentiation and prestige. I also show how this system has been transformed through dynamics of factionalism associated with the control of resource niches, which has been playing out since the 1970s at Ngukurr. By illustrating how centralised and laterally extended forms of organisation engage each other over time, this study reveals the highly ambiguous values now attending varied realisations of autonomy and expressions of authority in the contemporary situation. There is then a pervasive tension in social relations at Ngukurr, as the dynamism of laterally extended and labile groups continually circumvents the linear pull of centralised hierarchies.

This cultural research explores the relation between racial representation and emotions/affects as part of the struggle for racial minorities’ visibility. It is informed by conjunctural theory in cultural studies, with the use of textual narrative and affective analysis. It focuses on Hong Kong’s television culture as a site for context configuration, or conjuncture, for constructing the inter- and intra-ethnic relations between the dominant ethnic Chinese and ethnic minorities (EMs), via the production of emotions. Chapter One introduces a conjunctural understanding of the construction of EMs in Hong Kong through revisiting some of the most prominent theoretical works that explore the transformation of Hong Kong identity, in order to point out an underlying Hong Kong-Chineseness as a cultural center, and to argue that the demand of the present conjuncture is to respond to the necessity of generating an alternative “EM-context” suitable for reimagining Hong Kong identity. Chapter Two attempts to map out this “EM-context” by reviewing the major popular non-Chinese figures on TV, namely Louie Castro, Gregory Rivers (known as “Ho Kwok-wing”) and Gill Mohinderpaul Singh (known as “QBoBo”) in order to study how their particular cultural visibility can open up ways to rethink the problems surrounding visibility. The narrative affective approach to study racial relations is applied to the reading of No Good Either Way (TVB) in Chapter Three and Rooms To Let (RTHK) in Chapter Four. Together, these two core chapters explore the affective configuration of “anxieties” and “shame” in the two TV programmes. It is suggested that these affective landscapes help position EMs as either a “sweetened trouble-maker” (in the work place) or “assimilating neighbor” (in the domestic sphere), both of which fall short of being able to construct a new context/conjuncture for understanding the cultural presence of EMs. This research rejects the study of race/ethnicity through content analysis of stereotype, and opts for an approach that reads affects and narratives in the search not for representational visibility, but for what is termed “conjunctural visibility.” Ultimately, Chapter Five concludes with a discussion of the dynamics of “soft” and “hard” representations of the ethnic other: the former in the mode of “sugarcoated racism” which involves the figure of EM as the sweetened troublemaker appealing for audience’s sympathy, and the latter in the form of public pedagogy aimed at educating the audience (through shaming) to treat their EM neighbor as the assimilated other. This research study aims at making a small contribution to the understanding of the struggle for conjunctural visibility among EMs in Hong Kong.

This dissertation is a social history of the Uganda Prisons Service in the late colonial and early post-colonial periods. Focusing particularly on prison officers, it advances four key arguments. Firstly, it argues that global visions of the prison were crucial in shaping the Service’s development, its institutional culture, and the professional identities of its personnel. From the late colonial period onwards, this vision was anchored on notions of penal welfarism, which positioned the prison as a centre of rehabilitation, staffed by professionals who possessed technical expertise. Secondly, the penal welfare model was combined with an emphasis on the prison’s role as a driver of economic development and a source of public revenue – features that were seen as compatible with penal modernity. Thirdly, this vision of the prison gave the Service a particular imaginative capital, which prison officers used as an important resource. It provided them with a common set of principles and norms through which to define their professional role. Senior officers adopted it with alacrity, pursuing further professionalization through engagement with transnational penal reform networks. Others summoned it as a source of claim-making, using it to call on the state to provide them with greater benefits and treat them as respectable public servants. Finally, visions of penal modernity and professionalism were contested throughout the periods under study, leading officers to engage in boundary work. Officers were regularly defining their role in relation to other spaces of incarceration, such as local government prisons and informal detention sites. With the take-over of Idi Amin in 1971 and the militarization of the state, prison officers’ professional identities were profoundly challenged, but also became particularly important, providing them with a conceptual boundary that at least partially demarcated them from Amin’s regime. Ultimately, the case of the Uganda Prisons Service reminds us of the importance of studying prisons beyond their coercive capacities, paying attention to how such institutions became the focal point of debates over modernity, authority, and professionalism. More broadly, this study challenges the narrative of failure that has dominated popular and scholarly portrayals of state institutions on the African continent, rejecting generic depictions of the postcolony as a site of chaos and disorder.

This thesis traces the mechanisms and sources responsible for the generation of civic social capital (a set of shared norms and values that promote cooperation between groups, enabling them to participate in the political process) by black churches in West Perrine, Florida. Data for this thesis includes over fifty interviews and participant observations, archival records, newspaper articles, and scholarly journals. Despite the institutional racism of the first half of the twentieth century, many blacks and whites in Perrine developed levels of trust significant enough to form an integrated local governing body, evidence of high levels of csc. At mid-century, when black and white interactions ceased, Perrine's csc decreased, leading to the deterioration of Perrine's social and physical conditions. Perrine's csc increased in the1980s by way of broad-based coalitions as Perrine's churches invested their csc in an effort to eradicate crime, clean up its neighborhood, and win back its youth.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A presente DissertaÃÃo se propÃe a analisar o processo de construÃÃo da naÃÃo moÃambicana no perÃodo pÃs-colonial (1975-1990) tendo como material empÃrico os livros escolares produzidos e difundidos nesse perÃodo Trata-se concretamente de uma anÃlise de conteÃdo dos livros de leitura dos primeiros anos de escolaridade do ensino primÃrio de gestÃo pÃblica nomeadamente os da 2Â 3Â 4Â 5Â e 6Â classes Afastando-se das concepÃÃes essencialistas o estudo encara o conceito de naÃÃo como sendo uma comunidade polÃtica e simbolicamente imaginada de pessoas que independentemente de suas caracterÃsticas empÃricas estabelecem laÃos de solidariedade entre si suportados por um passado rico de experiÃncias o que lhes torna um grupo peculiar, mas que acima de tudo tem vontade - cultivada por uma elite - de continuar vivendo conjuntamente num espaÃo geograficamente delimitado e que se pretende soberano. Nesta senda os seus resultados sugerem que no MoÃambique pÃs-colonial verificou-se um processo simbÃlico de construÃÃo da naÃÃo que procurava a todo o custo distanciar-se do imaginÃrio social que dominou o perÃodo colonial e as vivÃncias do meio tradicional Tal foi feito pela elite dirigente encabeÃada pelo ex-movimento militar de descolonizaÃÃo, a FRELIMO que fazendo uso do monopÃlio que detinha sobre o processo de produÃÃo e difusÃo dos conteÃdos educativos, como os livros escolares teve a possibilidade de usÃ-los como difusores de suas visÃes de mundo A partir deles a FRELIMO procurou legitimar-se como âdignoâ guia do povo atravÃs da estratÃgia de universalizaÃÃo de suas experiÃncias e auto-imagens para toda a populaÃÃo como se ela e o povo em geral fossem a mesma âunidadeâ Nessa estratÃgia discursiva, as vivÃncias da luta de descolonizaÃÃo foram capitalizadas como sendo o ponto de referÃncia âmÃticoâ onde sÃo destacados atitudes e comportamentos considerados âideaisâ a partir dos quais a nova geraÃÃo de moÃambicanos se devia inspirar Ao mesmo tempo a FRELIMO chamou para si a prerrogativa de definir simbolicamente Ãquilo que em sua visÃo devia caracterizar os moÃambicanos nomeadamente que cultivassem o habitus trabalhador o sentimento guerreiro a exaltaÃÃo da vida em coletividade bem como uma grande predisposiÃÃo para a disciplina e obediÃncia / This dissertation aims at analyzing the Mozambican Nationâs construction process during the post-colonial period (1975-1990) by investigating as its empirical source school books produced and divulged at the time It is therefore in a very direct way an analysis of school books used in the first grades of public primary schools namely 2nd 3rd 4th 5th and 6th grades Keeping a distance from essentialist conceptions the investigation tackles the concept of nation as a symbolically-devised political community involving people that independently from empirical characteristics establish solidarity-based ties among themselves supported by a past rich of experiences which will weld them as a unique group that will step beyond anything to express its will â cultivated by an elite â of going on living together in a geographically-established supposedly-free space Following this trail the upshot suggests that during pre-colonial time the Mozambican state reveals a symbolic process of erection of a nation that was trying with all its strength to keep itself apart from a fanciful socially-inclined body of ideas that dominated colonial life in its traditional ways That road was taken by the dominating elite headed by the former military decolonization movement the FRELIMO which by using the monopoly that it held over the process of production and divulging of educational contents such as school books had the opportunity to use them as disseminating agents of its ideas and apprehension of the world With the books FRELIMO tried to legitimate itself as a âdignifiedâ leader of the people by means of a strategy bound on a universal approach to its experiences and auto-images directed to all as if FRELIMO and the people was the same âunitâ Following that discursive trail daily actions of decolonization struggles were seen as âmythicalâ reference instances that by attitudes and behavior should be considered an âideal patternâ that should inspire the new generation of Mozambicans At the same time FRELIMO claimed to itself the privilege of symbolically defining what in its interpretation should characterize the Mozambicans namely that they cultivated the workerâs habitus the warriorâs disposition exaltation of collective life and a great disposition for discipline and obedience

Nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem testemunhado o surgimento de uma produção literária com características muito próprias do nosso tempo: seus autores são periféricos (favelados), sua forma e conteúdo derivam do momento de extrema violência que assola grande parte da população. Exemplar desta produção, o livro de Ferréz, Capão Pecado é primeiramente publicado em 2000. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o romance, compreendendo-o dentro de um escopo maior, que abarca outros setores, da arte e da política. Para isso, a teoria pós-colonial, assim como um estreito diálogo com uma parte da tradição crítico-literária brasileira são utilizadas. / In the last few years, Brazil has witnessed the appearance of one type of literary production whose characteristics are typical or our times: its authors are from the suburbs (the slums), its form and content derive from the extreme violence imposed to a great part of the population. An example of this literary production, Ferrézs book, Capão Pecado is first published in 2000. This dissertation aims at analyzing the novel, understanding that it belongs to a greater scope, that comprehends other spheres of the arts and politics. In order to do so, the post-colonial theory will be used, as well as a great deal of the Brazilian literary theory tradition.

This study aims to analyze the aspect of national and cultural identity in the works of the contemporary Angolan writer José Eduardo Agualusa. This master‛s thesis contains a brief introduction to the history of Angola, the processes of shaping society and an introduction to Agualusa and his literary works. In addition to that ideas of postcolonial thinking and literary tendencies in postmodern times are discussed, which influenced the works of this writer. Furthermore, aspects of cultural identity and related views on human and historical memory are investigated. An analysis of selected works, demonstrates Agualusa's criticism concerning the political situation in Angola and his technique of using different concepts of Angolan identity. Keywords: Angola, Agualusa, identity, nationalism, literature, postcolonialism

This thesis aims to describe how Western tourist websites represents India. Although there has been much research on tourism and Western representation of India, no literature is available on how Western tourist websites represents India. This thesis uses three theories, social constructivism, post-colonial theory, and representation theory. Social constructivism is the base for this thesis. Post-colonial theory is used to find out whether the representation of India includes colonial stereotypes or no. Moreover, the representation theory is the center and the main tool to know and explain how Western tourist websites represents India. The design used is a 'case study' as case study design is compatible to explore the representations of India. The method used is a 'qualitative discourse analysis' which helps to provide a critical analysis of the description of India. Main results of this thesis are that Western tourist websites describe Indian economy as a backward economy. It is unclear whether Indian politics is described as undemocratic or democratic. Indian people are described as a mix of traditional, modern, unfree as well as free people. Indian culture is described as ancient and collective.

Magister Artium - MA / Intercultural communication (ICC) is one of the most relevant fields for investigation in post-colonial Africa and post-apartheid South Africa, given the movements between people from African countries and the wide range of attractions, both economic and social, that South Africa holds for people from other African countries. This study reports on intercultural communication in post-democratic South Africa in an era marked by what Appadurai (1990) calls 'flows'. Greenmarket Square in the heart of Cape Town, well known as a hub for informal traders, local people and tourists, was chosen as the site for this study, because of the rich cultural diversity of the role-players. The principal aim of this research is to examine how people from different cultural backgrounds in this particular space of Greenmarket Square communicate with one another, and where the'intercultural fault-lines' (Olahan, 2000) occur, keeping in mind how ICC could be improved in such a space. My position as a trader in the market placed me in an ideal 'insider' position to do the research. The theory of spatiality (Vigouroux, 2005; Blommaert et al. 2005) was used to show how the space of Greenmarket Square affected intercultural communication. Discourse analysis was also applied to the data to show how the various roleplayers were socially constructed by others. Saville-Troike's (1989) ethnography of communicative events was also used to bring out other barriers that were not identified by spatiality and discourse analysis. Aspects like scene, key, message form and content, the observed rules for interaction and where these rules were broken and to what effect as well as the norms for interpretation were considered during the analysis of this qualitative data. The analysis showed that spatiality, social constructions of 'the other' and other factors like nonverbal communication and differences between communicative styles in high and low context cultures (LCC/HCC), had a major impact on intercultural communication at Greenmarket Square, frequently leading to complete breakdowns in communication. Many of the traders interviewed acknowledged that they needed to improve their competence in intercultural communication. The study concludes with a number of recommendations on how people can become more 'interculturally competent' (Katan, 2004) in a globalized world. / South Africa

The study examined the effects of Public Service Reform in the appointments of management cadres in the Public Service of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. Specific focus was given to the Office of the Prime Minister, the core institution in the management of the Central Government operations. The study found that the need for a new post-colonial dispensation compatible with the requirements of statehood prompted the structuring of Government institutions. The Research Question explicitly sought to explain the extent to which the Post-independent Public Service Reform initiatives have transformed the structures and reoriented the government institutions to adopt the New Public Management principles, which can ensure efficiency and effective delivery of services. The legislative frameworks, particularly the Constitution of Namibia and the Public Service Act, 1995 (Act 13 of 1995), have provided the bases for analyzing the Recruitment Policy in the Public Service of Namibia. A systematic semi-structured interview with respondents has significantly unveiled a highly structured institution, with complex mechanisms of planning and executing programmes within managerial frameworks. The empirical research conducted for the study explored the political, economic, social and historical significance of Public Service Reform and indeed produced sufficient evidence confirming the adoption of new ways of improving performance and of enhancing accountability of the civil servants. Qualitative research methods were employed to evaluate the participants’ daily life experience for the purpose of describing the Public Service Reform from the insider’s perspective. The findings show that the traditional culture of administration is evidently being phased out and the New Public Management is gradually taking root. The Merit System has given way to new practices without loss of values that are generic to the selection of the “right type of people” for the meritocratic Public Service. Nevertheless, the current managerial reform initiatives appear to be superficial, taking a pragmatic approach with no serious provisions for structural change. Options for Namibia should include adopting structural changes that responds to its social, economic and political conditions in the face of globalisation. The study has ultimately recommended Competency-Management as the best approach to achieve a meritocratic and professional civil service. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted