Das zu entwickelnde Konzept zielt darauf ab, ausgehend von definierten Produktionsverfahren, -prozessen und den dafür qualitativ bestimmten Maschinen und Anlagen Erkenntnisse zur notwendigen Anzahl und den resultierenden Kosten zu ermitteln. Mit der Entwicklung des Konzepts soll ein Beitrag zur Schaffung eines unternehmensziel- und strategiekonformen Wertschöpfungsprozesses über alle Bereiche des Produktionsmanagements produzierender Unternehmen geleistet werden. Den Kern des Konzepts bildet die dynamische Dimensionierung, die Belastungsänderungen des Produktionssystems über die Zeit berücksichtigt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Gestaltung eines wirtschaftlich sinnvollen Maßes an Flexibilität und Wandlungsfähigkeit. Weiterhin wird eine Automatisierung des Planungsprozesses in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von Optimierungstechniken und Kostensimulation angestrebt. Anhand unterschiedlicher Szenarien erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung des neu entwickelten Konzepts mit bestehenden Verfahren. / The concept which has been developed is based on defined production methods and production processes which are necessary for quality machinery and equipment in order to identify specifically, the number of machines required and the resulting costs. The developed concept contributes to creating a business goal and strategy-driven value creation process in all areas of production management of the manufacturing company. Since the core concept is dynamic dimensioning, it is imperative to take into account the load of the production system and how it changes over time; and is therefore both flexible and adaptable. Furthermore, automation of the planning process in conjunction with the use of optimization techniques and simulation cost is sought. Different scenarios allow the comparison of newly developed concepts with a variety of procedures which already exist.

Die Bachelorarbeit behandelt die Themen der Selbstorganisation in Produktionssystemen im Kontext von Industrie 4.0. Dabei wird gezeigt, wie man mithilfe von einer Ameisenkolonieoptimierung die Reihenfolgeplanung organisieren kann.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Formelverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 1.1. Motivation 1.2. Ziele 1.3. Vorgehensweise 2. Sich selbst organisierende Produktionen 2.1. Begriffserklärung 2.2. Stand der Technik 2.3. Reihenfolgeplanung als ein Problem der Selbstorganisation 2.3.1. Begriffserklärung 2.3.2. Stand der Technik 2.3.3. Umsetzung in einer Selbstorganisation 3. Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 3.1. Begriffserklärung 3.2. Allgemeine Umsetzung 3.3. Konkrete Umsetzungen 3.4. Vor- und Nachteile 3.5. Anwendungsbeispiele 4. Entwicklung einer Ameisenkolonieoptimierung für ein sich selbst organisierendes Produktionssystem 4.1. Analyse des gegebenen sich selbst organisierenden Produktionssystems 4.1.1. Grobanalyse des Systems 4.1.2. Feinanalyse der bisherigen Reihenfolgeplanung 4.2. Entwurf der Reihenfolgeplanung durch Prinzipien der Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 4.3. Implementierung der Prinzipien der Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 5. Empirische Untersuchung der implementierten Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 5.1. Beschreibung der gegebenen Produktionsdaten 5.2. Szenarienuntersuchung zur Funktionsfähigkeit 5.2.1. Schichtwechselszenario 5.2.2. Abnutzungs- und Wartungsszenario 5.2.3. Vergleichsszenario 5.3. Untersuchung hinsichtlich der Laufzeit und des Speicherbedarfs 5.3.1. Laufzeit 5.3.2. Speicherbedarf 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6.1. Zusammenfassung 6.2. Ausblick Quellenverzeichnis / The bachelor thesis is about self organization in production systems in the context of Industry 4.0. Its about ant colony optimization for scheduling in the production planning.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Formelverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 1.1. Motivation 1.2. Ziele 1.3. Vorgehensweise 2. Sich selbst organisierende Produktionen 2.1. Begriffserklärung 2.2. Stand der Technik 2.3. Reihenfolgeplanung als ein Problem der Selbstorganisation 2.3.1. Begriffserklärung 2.3.2. Stand der Technik 2.3.3. Umsetzung in einer Selbstorganisation 3. Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 3.1. Begriffserklärung 3.2. Allgemeine Umsetzung 3.3. Konkrete Umsetzungen 3.4. Vor- und Nachteile 3.5. Anwendungsbeispiele 4. Entwicklung einer Ameisenkolonieoptimierung für ein sich selbst organisierendes Produktionssystem 4.1. Analyse des gegebenen sich selbst organisierenden Produktionssystems 4.1.1. Grobanalyse des Systems 4.1.2. Feinanalyse der bisherigen Reihenfolgeplanung 4.2. Entwurf der Reihenfolgeplanung durch Prinzipien der Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 4.3. Implementierung der Prinzipien der Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 5. Empirische Untersuchung der implementierten Ameisenkolonieoptimierung 5.1. Beschreibung der gegebenen Produktionsdaten 5.2. Szenarienuntersuchung zur Funktionsfähigkeit 5.2.1. Schichtwechselszenario 5.2.2. Abnutzungs- und Wartungsszenario 5.2.3. Vergleichsszenario 5.3. Untersuchung hinsichtlich der Laufzeit und des Speicherbedarfs 5.3.1. Laufzeit 5.3.2. Speicherbedarf 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6.1. Zusammenfassung 6.2. Ausblick Quellenverzeichnis

<p>  </p> <p>Available literature indicated that construction projects have been experiencing significant time overruns from their planned duration. In many cases, the primary reasons for project delays were ineffective planning and scheduling methods, poor communication and collaboration between the key stakeholders, and the construction operations and task requirements have been overlooked.</p> <p>Construction project planning and scheduling are extensively studied topics, and several techniques have been developed to solve construction project scheduling problems. Traditional production planning and scheduling techniques are based on the push planning strategy, such as linear and network scheduling techniques. In the traditional method, the project scheduler calculates activity durations and then sequences them to determine when to complete the work. These techniques and planning methods have been criticized for lacking collaboration between project workers and realistic integration of the project time, location, and other essential resources to create a reliable work schedule. Furthermore, the inability to account for site operations, tasks, and workflow leads to waste and delay. </p> <p>Consequently, Ballard and Howell (1990) proposed the last planner system, and then Ballard et al. (2000) further developed the method. In the last planner system, all key stakeholders and the project management team actively communicate and coordinate to accomplish the project’s planned milestones. The last planner system and pull planning scheduling objective is improving workflow and increasing plan reliability. However, the pull planning scheduling method has some limitations. For instance, this method cannot be used to determine the available work capacity in each working space and show how much work can be completed at a given time. In addition, the pull planning and LPS system are highly descriptive and experienced-based, relying on the decision and experiences of the site supervisors. </p> <p>Available literature concerning construction project delay also indicated that ineffective planning and scheduling, slow decision-making, and poor communication and coordination had been the top critical causes of construction project delay.</p> <p>Therefore, this research was conducted to minimize construction project time and cost overrun due to poor scheduling and production planning. The study has been conducted in two main parts. In the first part of this study, critical causes of project delay have been analyzed, and the contribution of poor planning and scheduling to construction project delays in different environments has been assessed. The relative importance index and Spearman’s coefficient techniques have been utilized to analyze the collected data.  The second section of this research work was conducted to investigate the construction scheduling reliability and production efficiency and developed the enhanced production planning and scheduling method to improve schedule reliability and production plan efficiency.  The reason for developing the enhanced production planning and scheduling method was to find the best work option to optimize work duration and efficiently plan required resources per category of the identified activities. In addition, this study has automated the scheduling input data capturing from the project BIM model by utilizing the developed visual program.</p> <p>The study finding in the first section indicated that the top ten critical causes of identified causes of project delay in specified environments were significantly different. However, Ineffective project planning and scheduling had been among the most critical causes in all three conditions. Ineffective planning and scheduling were ranked number one in developed environment conditions, second in developing countries, and fifth in high-risk environments.</p> <p>Study results in the second section have shown that the case study's executed schedule had experienced significant changes in the planned dates of individual tasks, project milestones, and resource allocation. The project schedule critical path and critical activities were changed repeatedly after each update, and the project structure work was delayed for 30 days from its initial plan, as illustrated in figures 33 to 35. Subsequently, the enhanced planning methodology has been applied in the selected case study to validate the developed method and evaluate the result of the case study. The case study implemented work plan has been compared with the enhanced planning-based developed schedule. The total duration of the enhanced planning-based method has been calculated to be 240 work days, which shows 30 days less time from implemented case study plan and 50 days from the project base plan in the construction document, as illustrated in figures 39 to 41. </p> <p>Furthermore, the production schedule sensitivity analysis has shown that the production schedule and the case study base plan tasks duration have not been significantly different since both schedules were created based on the similar size of the work crew, but in terms of the number of the planned task, the production schedule had been created based on the most suitable work option. Another advantage of the production schedule is that it is more reliable because the schedule is created for a shorter duration, not long before the project work starts, and it is created after multiple collaborations and assessment steps. In addition, the developed program in this study using Revit dynamo automated the extraction of input data from the BIM model to create the project schedule. </p> <p>In conclusion, based on the case study results, the enhanced production planning methodology and developed metrics and indices can be applied to various building construction projects to find the most suitable work option and create a reliable and resource-efficient work schedule. </p>

Работа посвящена эмпирическому исследованию проблемам повышения эффективности деятельности промышленных предприятий. Считается, что ключевым направлением развития любого предприятия является его производственное планирование. С учетом тенденций и особенностей современного рынка, предполагается, что наиболее перспективным решением является внедрение гибридной системы производственного планирования, которая объединяет в себе элементы наиболее результативных методологий. В работе разработан методический подход к управлению производственным планированием на предприятии, базирующийся на самодиагностике состояния системы оперативного планирования и алгоритме по выбору вида производственного планирования, в основе которого лежит оценка функционирования системы с помощью показателей эффективности предприятия, имеющих как прямое, так и косвенное влияние, что позволит повысить эффективность управления и изменить состав и приоритеты основных ресурсов предприятия. / The research is devoted to an empirical study of the problems of improving the efficiency of industrial enterprises. It is hypothesized that the key direction of development of any enterprise is its production planning. Taking into account the trends and features of the modern market, it is assumed that the most promising solution is the introduction of a hybrid production planning system that combines elements of the most effective methodologies. There is developed a methodological approach to the management of production planning at the enterprise. It is based on 2 steps: the first step is self-diagnosis of the state of the operational planning system and the second on algorithm for choosing the type of production planning, which is based on the assessment of the system functioning using the enterprise performance indicators that have both direct and indirect influence, which will increase the management efficiency and change the composition and priorities of the main resources of the enterprise.

Esta Tesis doctoral representa una nueva formulación del problema del GRCPSP (Generalized Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem) mediante grafos PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) con fragmentación en entornos realistas, donde las tareas son diferenciadas entre productivas y no productivas y las dependencias entre ellas no se limitan a los ya clásicos valores de dependencia, sino que se incorpora un nuevo concepto de relación de producción, apareciendo relaciones basadas en un cierto nivel de producción necesario de otra tarea para poder comenzar, o cierta producción que quedará pendiente de finalizar una vez finalizada la tarea precedente. Este nuevo enfoque del problema basado en procesos productivos, no solo elimina las paradojas causadas por las tareas críticas inversas o críticas perversas, sino que nos permite aplicar conceptos tradicionales de la planificación de la producción como es la productividad variable ocasionada por el aprendizaje con las repercusiones que esto produce en las relaciones basadas en producción. Además se analizan las naturalezas de los recursos intervinientes en el proyecto, reformulando los costes asociados a los mismos y su repercusión sobre el nuevo modelo propuesto, permitiendo la aplicación de algoritmos de optimización TCTP (Time Cost Trade-Off Problem) que hasta ahora era inviable. Para finalizar se incorpora la borrosidad a los valores intervinientes en el proyecto presentando la formulación de un modelo robusto de planificación de la producción basada en grafos PDM que sirve de punto de partida a la resolución del GRCPSP en entornos realistas. / Ponz Tienda, JL. (2010). GRCPSP Robusto basado en Producción para Proyectos de Edificación y Construcción [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8540

Актуальность исследования. В условиях рынка, ориентирующего каждого производителя и предпринимателя на высокий конечный результат, планирование приобретает новые функции на российских предприятиях. Планирование направлено не только на обеспечение производства конкурентоспособной продукции, но и на содействие полной занятости ресурсов, справедливому распределению доходов и улучшению качества жизни. Производственное планирование является одним из главных направлений управлением производства. Его главная особенность заключается в том, что формирование запланированных производственным подразделением задач строго связано с организацией их выполнения. Актуальность данной темы заключается в том, что для выпуска продукции в точное время при колебаниях спроса необходимо совершенствовать планирование на предприятии. Цель разработка методического инструментария к внедрению систем оперативно-производственного планирования и к оценке уровня готовности предприятия. Задачи исследования: - изучить инструменты стратегического планирования, используемые на промышленном предприятии при внедрении системы оперативно-производственного планирования; - исследовать опыт внедрения оперативно-производственного планирования на предприятии, эффект от внедрения; - разработать методический инструментарий к оценке уровня готовности предприятия для внедрения систем оперативно-производственного планирования. Объект исследования – Промышленные предприятия, внедряющие систему оперативно-производственного планирования. Предмет исследования – Организационно-экономические отношения возникающие при внедрении системы оперативно-производственного планирования. Проведенная научная работа позволила разработать методический инструментарий к внедрению систем оперативно-производственного планирования и к оценке уровня готовности предприятия, включающий оценку бизнес-процессов предприятия, определение текущего уровня готовности предприятия к внедрению систем оперативно производственного планирования расчет эффектов от внедрения, алгоритм выбора системы оперативно-производственного планирования и дорожную карту ее внедрения, позволяет принять эффективное управленческое решение по внедрению систем оперативно-производственного планирования. / The relevance of research. In a market that orients each manufacturer and entrepreneur to a high end result, planning acquires new functions at Russian enterprises. Planning is aimed not only at ensuring the production of competitive products, but also at promoting full employment of resources, equitable income distribution and improved quality of life. Production planning is one of the main directions of production management. Its main feature is that the formation of tasks planned by the production unit is strictly related to the organization of their implementation. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that in order to produce products at the exact time with fluctuations in demand, it is necessary to improve planning at the enterprise. The purpose is to develop methodological tools for the implementation of operational and production planning systems and for assessing the level of readiness of the enterprise. Research objectives: - to study the strategic planning tools used in an industrial enterprise when implementing an operational and production planning system; - to explore the experience of implementing operational and production planning at the enterprise, the effect of implementation; - to develop methodological tools for assessing the level of readiness of the enterprise for the implementation of operational and production planning systems. The object of the study is industrial enterprises implementing an operational and production planning system. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise during the implementation of the operational and production planning system. The scientific work carried out made it possible to develop methodological tools for the implementation of operational production planning systems and for assessing the level of readiness of the enterprise, including an assessment of the business processes of the enterprise, determining the current level of readiness of the enterprise for the implementation of operational production planning systems, calculating the effects of implementation, an algorithm for selecting an operational production planning system and a roadmap for its implementation, allows you to take effective management decision on the implementation of operational and production planning systems.

In today's competitive environment, the importance of continuous production, quality improvement, and fast delivery has forced production and delivery processes to become highly reliable. Keeping equipment in good condition through maintenance activities can ensure a more reliable system. However, maintenance leads to temporary reduction in capacity that could otherwise be utilized for production. Therefore, the coordination of maintenance and production is important to guarantee good system performance. The central thesis of this dissertation is that integrating maintenance and production decisions increases efficiency by ensuring high quality production, effective resource utilization, and on-time deliveries. Firstly, we study the problem of integrated maintenance and production planning where machines are preventively maintained in the context of a periodic review production system with uncertain yield. Our goal is to provide insight into the optimal maintenance policy, increasing the number of finished products. Specifically, we prove the conditions that guarantee the optimal maintenance policy has a threshold type. Secondly, we address the problem of integrated maintenance planning and production scheduling where machines are correctively maintained in the context of a dynamic aircraft repair shop. To solve the problem, we view the dynamic repair shop as successive static repair scheduling sub-problems over shorter periods. Our results show that the approach that uses logic-based Benders decomposition to solve the static sub-problems, schedules over longer horizon, and quickly adjusts the schedule increases the utilization of aircraft in the long term. Finally, we tackle the problem of integrated maintenance planning and production scheduling where machines are preventively maintained in the context of a multi-machine production system. Depending on the deterioration process of machines, we design decomposed techniques that deal with the stochastic and combinatorial challenges in different, coupled stages. Our results demonstrate that the integrated approaches decrease the total maintenance and lost production cost, maximizing the on-time deliveries. We also prove sufficient conditions that guarantee the monotonicity of the optimal maintenance policy in both machine state and the number of customer orders. Within these three contexts, this dissertation demonstrates that the integrated maintenance and production decision-making increases the process efficiency to produce high quality products in a timely manner.

O objetivo de estudo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de um modelo de planejamento agregado da produção que apóie as decisões de nível gerencial e de diretoria das usinas de açúcar e álcool no que tange às variedades de cana colhidas em cada semana, às compras de cana-de-açúcar de terceiros, ao tipo de transporte (próprio ou terceirizado) a se utilizar em cada semana, ao total de cana moída por semana para atendimento da demanda e aos processos (industrial e comercial) que se devem escolher para produzir e comercializar açúcar e álcool. As decisões devem ocorrer em função de preços nos mercados interno, externo e mercado futuro, do fluxo de caixa da empresa, da capacidade da usina para armazenar açúcar e álcool e da possibilidade de uso de estoque de terceiros. As decisões por compra de cana, escolha de processos e venda de produtos são tomadas semanalmente num horizonte móvel de planejamento de 52 semanas, que inclui o tempo de safra no centro-sul do Brasil (meados de março a meados de dezembro, aproximadamente 36 semanas) mais o período de entressafra (aproximadamente 16 semanas, de meados de dezembro a meados de março). A procura por melhores estratégias de comercialização de tal forma a auxiliar a tomada de decisões é uma necessidade constante dos empresários do setor, que muitas vezes são surpreendidos pelas variações de preços de açúcar e álcool no mercado interno, externo e mercado futuro. Na parte comercial, este trabalho utiliza o método Delphi de previsão de preços de açúcar e álcool que balizam as tomadas de decisão no planejamento e controle da produção das usinas de açúcar e álcool. Define-se Hedge como a operação financeira de proteger determinado ativo de uma empresa contra variações inesperadas de preços. Neste trabalho, utiliza-se um modelo de escolha de mix de produto para Hedge vinculado à lucratividade e minimização de risco denominado Modelo de Semi- Variância com análise de cenários de Markowitz. Nas decisões relacionadas com as partes agrícola, industrial e comercial, faz-se uso de um modelo de programação linear inteira mista e para resolvê-lo utiliza-se o software de programação matemática LINGO e suas interfaces com a planilha eletrônica Excel. Nas decisões vinculadas ao mix ótimo para o Hedge em cada semana, faz-se uso de um modelo de programação quadrática resolvido pelo LINGO e suas interfaces com a planilha eletrônica Excel. Um estudo de caso foi realizado numa usina de açúcar e álcool no município de Junqueirópolis (SP) para validar o modelo proposto. / The objective of study this dissertation is to develop a model of aggregate production planning to support the decisions of management and board level of sugar and alcohol plants in regard to varieties of cane harvested each week, purchasing cane of nonsugar, the type of transport (own or outsourced) to use each week, the total cane processed per week for taking care of the demand and processes (industrial and commercial) and that must be chosen to produce and sell sugar and alcohol. Decisions must occur in terms of domestic, foreign and future market prices, the company\'s cash flow and the capacity to store sugar and alcohol and the possibility of using stock to third parties. Decisions about buying cane, choice of processes and products for sale are made in a weekly mobile planning horizon of 52 weeks, which includes the time of harvest in central-southern Brazil (mid-March to mid-December, approximately 36 weeks) plus the off-season (approximately 16 weeks, from mid-December to mid March). The demand for better marketing strategies to help such decision making is a constant need for entrepreneurs in the sector, which are often surprised by the changes in prices of sugar and alcohol in the internal, external and future market. In the commercial part, this study uses the Delphi method of forecasting the price of sugar and alcohol that guides the decision-making in planning and controlling the production of sugar and alcohol plants. Hedging is defined as a financial transaction to protect certain assets of a business against unexpected changes in prices. In this work, it is used a model of choice of product mix for Hedge linked to profitability and minimizing risk named Model of Semi-Variance analysis with scenarios of Markowitz. In decisions related to the agricultural, industrial and commercial parts it is used a type of mixed integer linear programming and to solve it is used the mathematical programming software LINGO and its interface with Excel spreadsheets. In decisions related to the optimal mix for Hedge in each week, is used a quadratic programming model solved by LINGO and its interface with Excel spreadsheets. A case study was conducted in a sugar mill and alcohol in the city of Junqueirópolis (SP) to validate the proposed model.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002 / This work aims at to understanding a reasonably specific business-oriented environment. The companies facing the phenomena of globalization and the growing requirements imposed by the consumers (better products at lower prices) will search various solutions to meet this challenge. Solutions to optimize their supply chains will be one of the possible answers for this problem. The supply chains, the more efficient they are, the more they will be adding value to the end product, causing a minimum impact in the costs of the product, having an important role to play in the strategy of the company to overcome this challenge. Along this dissertation, the relations between customer and supplier will be evaluated, focussing in the variables which could affect this relationship. By means of analyzing the strategies of verticalization, one will be evaluating other supplying possibilities that can be more attractive for the companies, concerning the management their network of suppliers. This work is focussed in the analysis of the strategy of verticalization and how to create the conditions which could support the disverticalization, leading the company to the supply solution through an 'in house' production. The industrial sector will be taken as an example of this type of relationship, more specifically, the segment of production of plastic packaging. The 'in house' production, as it will be described in details ahead in this study, is established as follows: a productive unit of a strategic supplier is built inside the physical facilities of the customer. From this site, the provides the needs of the customer related to one or various items necessary to the accomplishment of its industrial activity. Various matters will be explored in this work, namely: in what situations is it worth either to keep a vertically integrated operation or to outsource the operation presently is vertically integrated? Under which conditions to select the best solution for the supplying of the basic input for the production? This work will be based on a bibliographical review and also on a field work, involving the analysis of various real situations. viii How to identify that the vertical integration of a segment will offer the expected advantages? What are the main factors that we must take into account for this analysis? What type of disverticalization model, can be more suitable for the customer company? What measures can be taken to develop the relationship with the 'in house' supplier? This study presents some proposals to answer the questions formulated above. / Este trabalho procura compreender um ambiente de negócios bastante específico. As empresas, diante dos fenômenos da globalização e do crescimento das exigências impostas pelos consumidores (produtos melhores a preços mais baixos), buscarão diversas soluções para enfrentar estes desafios. Soluções para otimizar as suas redes de suprimentos serão uma das possíveis respostas para este problema. As redes de suprimentos, quanto mais eficazes, estarão agregando mais valor ao produto final causando um impacto mínimo nos custos do produto, e terão uma papel importante na estratégia da empresa para vencer este desafio. Ao longo dessa dissertação serão avaliadas as relações existentes entre cliente e fornecedor e focadas algumas variáveis que influenciam este relacionamento. Através da análise das estratégias de verticalização, estaremos avaliando outras possibilidades de fornecimento que possam ser mais atraentes para as empresas, no que diz respeito à gerência de sua rede de fornecedores. O trabalho está centrado na análise da estratégia de verticalização e como são criadas as condições que favorecem a desverticalização, conduzindo a empresa para a solução de fornecimento através de uma produção 'in house'. O setor industrial será tomado como exemplo deste tipo de relacionamento, mais especificamente, o segmento de produção de embalagens plásticas. A produção 'in house' , como será descrito mais detalhadamente adiante, se estabelece da seguinte forma: uma unidade produtiva de um fornecedor estratégico é construída dentro do ambiente físico do cliente. Desse local, o fornecedor supre as necessidades do cliente de um ou diversos itens necessários para a realização da sua atividade industrial. Diversas questões serão exploradas neste trabalho, dentre elas, em que situações vale a pena manter uma operação integrada verticalmente ou optar pela terceirização desta operação, que um dia foi verticalizada? Sob que condições esta seria uma boa solução para o fornecimento de insumos básicos para a produção? Este trabalho se desenvolverá a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica assim como de um trabalho de campo, envolvendo a análise de diversas situações reais. vi Como identificar se a verticalização de um segmento oferecerá as vantagens esperadas? Quais são os principais fatores que devemos levar em conta para esta análise? Que tipo de modelo de desverticalização pode ser o mais adequado para a empresa cliente? Que medidas podem ser promovidas para se incrementar uma relação com o fornecedor 'in house' ? Este estudo apresenta algumas propostas para responder às questões acima.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2520.pdf: 1207796 bytes, checksum: d7395bbee81744b10cc9081ce73234c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-22 / This work aim at developing models using linear programming, goal programming and robust optimization to support decision making in the frozen concentrated orange juice planning process. The proposed model includes orange harvesting plan, which takes into account oranges maturation curves. This fact leads to a model that incorporates a large portion of the supply chain involved in the frozen concentrated orange juice sector. Another point to highlight is the inclusion of the blending process of different types of juices to match ratio specification of the product. This study uses orange acidity to calculate ratio specification of the product. This study also explores the importance of data uncertainty incorporation to the aggregate production planning for this business and evaluate results from different approaches of robust optimization to this problem. This author is not aware of previous work in the literature with such approach to the orange juice industry. The problem modeling uses blending problem concepts and production planning with multiple products, stages and periods concepts as well. To solve the linear programming, goal programming and robust optimization models, an algebraic modeling language and a state of art optimization solver of mathematical programming problems is used. A case study was developed in an orange juice company located in the São Paulo State. This company has many facilities and a worldwide distribution system, similar to other companies in this sector. The results show that the proposed approach can be used in real situations. / O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver modelos de programação linear, programação por metas e otimização robusta para apoiar decisões no processo de planejamento agregado da produção de suco concentrado congelado de laranja. A modelagem proposta incorpora o planejamento de colheita da laranja, levando-se em consideração as curvas de maturação das laranjas. Esse fato conduz a um modelo que incorpora grande parte da cadeia de suprimento envolvida no setor de produção de suco concentrado congelado de laranja. Outro ponto a destacar é a consideração do processo de mistura de diferentes tipos de sucos para a obtenção da especificação de ratio do produto acabado. No caso desse estudo, utiliza-se a acidez da laranja como base de cálculo para a especificação de ratio do produto acabado. Este estudo também explora a importância da incorporação de incerteza a determinados parâmetros envolvidos no processo de planejamento de produção nesse setor e analisa os resultados das diferentes abordagens de otimização robusta para o problema. Sendo que, este autor desconhece trabalhos anteriores na literatura com esta abordagem para a indústria de suco de laranja. A modelagem do problema utiliza conceitos de problemas de mistura e planejamento de produção com múltiplos produtos, estágios e períodos. Para resolver os modelos de programação linear, programação por metas e otimização robusta, utilizou-se uma linguagem de modelagem algébrica e um aplicativo de última geração de solução de problemas de programação matemática. Um estudo de caso foi realizado em uma empresa de suco de laranja localizada no Estado de São Paulo, envolvendo várias plantas e com uma rede de distribuição internacional com características típicas de outras empresas do setor. Os resultados indicam que a abordagem aqui proposta pode ser aplicada em situações reais.