L'objet de cette recherche porte sur une étude comparative concernant les théories et les pratiques de prise en charge de la souffrance au travail en Suède et en France. L'étude permet dans un premier temps de mettre en évidence les références théoriques et conceptuelles en Suède et la France en matière de la santé au travail. Cette étape cherche à faire un comparatif entre les théories en Suède fortement marqués par les modèles de stress et la tradition scientifique en Ile-de-France centrée par la psychopathologie du travail. Dans un second temps la recherche vise à faire le lien entre la théorie et la pratique dans la prise en charge de la souffrance au travail entre la Suède et la France. La méthodologie de recherche consistait à mener une enquête portant sur 42 personnes travaillant dans la prise en charge de la souffrance au travail, en France et en Suède. Ces enquêtes visaient à discerner la réalité de la pratique sur le terrain. L'interprétation des résultats permettait de faire une confrontation des pratiques, notamment celles de la psychodynamique du travail et des modèles de stress afin de pouvoir effectuer des comparatives des avantages des forces et faiblesses de chaque dispositif. / In terms of theory and practice related to occupational mental health, Sweden and France are two countries with different theoretical traditions. While Sweden is highly influenced by physiological stress-models, the scientific tradition in France is influenced by "psychodynamics of work". This research aimed to compare theory and practice related to occupational mental health in France and Sweden. As a first step, the study explored the different theoretical frameworks in both countries. In the next step, the research was bridging theory and practice. It involved semi-structured interviews conducted among 42 staff-members, working in institutions specialized in prevention and treatment of disorders related to occupational settings. The survey aimed to elucidate the reality of the work and to explore the methods recognized as most efficient among the staff members. The study also enabled to compare methods between countries and explore gaps between theory and practice in treatment in terms of occupational mental health.

[pt] A dissertação analisa as vivências de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho, bem como as eventuais estratégias defensivas, de um grupo de empregados que foram dispensados de funções gerenciais e permaneceram no emprego, numa empresa do setor de energia. Os dados obtidos nas vinte e sete entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, realizadas com esta finalidade, foram analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo e apontaram que a dispensa da função gerencial potencializou as vivências de sofrimento nestes trabalhadores. A maioria dos relatos de sofrimento se relaciona à perda das experiências de trabalho consideradas prazerosas, vivenciadas durante o exercício da função gerencial. Analogamente, a maioria dos relatos de prazer está associado ao término das experiências de sofrimento atreladas à ocupação de função gerencial. Além disto, a análise dos relatos permitiu que fossem identificadas estratégias defensivas, mobilizadas pelos entrevistados, que foram organizadas em nove categorias, nomeadas pela pesquisadora como: naturalização do ocorrido, desqualificação do processo que levou à dispensa da função gerencial, desqualificação dos gerentes atuais, autoconsolo: podia ser pior, expectativa pela aposentadoria, hesitação diante de novas oportunidades, expectativa por mudança de setor, esquecimento do ocorrido, e minimização da mudança ocorrida. Os resultados alcançados levam a uma reflexão sobre o conceito de carreira associado à cultura da empresa e sobre a importância do exercício da função gerencial neste contexto. / [en] The study analyzes the experiences of pleasure and suffering in the work, as well as the eventual defensive strategies, of a group of employees who were dismissed from managerial positions and remained working at an energy company. Data collected in the twenty-seven individual semi-structured interviews carried out for this purpose were analyzed through the content analysis method and pointed out that the dismissal of the managerial position increased the experiences of suffering in these workers. Most reports of suffering are related to the loss of pleasure experienced as a manager. Similarly, most reports of pleasure are associated with the end of the suffering experienced as a manager. In addition, the analysis of the reports allowed the identification of defensive strategies classified into nine categories, named by the researcher as: naturalization of the event, disqualification of the process that led to dismissal of managerial position, disqualification of current managers, self-consolation: it could be worse, expectation for retirement, hesitation about new opportunities, expectation for changing the sector, forgetting what happened, and minimizing the change that occurred. The results obtained lead to a reflection on the concept of career associated with company culture and on the importance of the exercise of the managerial function in this context.