Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology, University of Zululand, 1992. / The aims of this investigation were: to provide an analysis of the problems surrounding corporal punishment in the Department of Education and Culture (DEC) in Kwa-Zulu schools; to give a description of the life-world in which the Black adolescent finds himself as influenced by enculturation and the adoption of new parental styles regarding authority; and in the light of the findings obtained from the literature study determine certain guide1ines according to which accountable administration of corporal punishment can be instituted. As an introduction a psychopedagogical perspective is given. Education is a universal phenomenon which is limited to human beings. Education involves an action where a responsible adult leads, helps, supports and accompanies an educand to self-actualization and ultimate adulthood. An educational situation is a situation where authority prevails. If authority does not prevail there cannot be an educational situation and education cannot take place. The educational acts of the adult as a helping and supporting guidance of the child imply that the educator has authority. The educational relationship is essentially a relation of authority. For successful teaching it is essential that good discipline should exist in the entire school. Firm but sympathetic and meaningful discipline is a sine qua nan for effective teaching. It means that education is essentially an (vii) inter—human relationship. This is actually a constel1 ation of re1ationshi ps which is called the re 1 a tionshi p s true ture of the peciagog ic situation and reveals the perspectives of knowing, trust and authority. The category of authority rests on the fallowing pedagogic postulates: The child is someone who desires to be somebody himself; The child experiences, in his desire to become somebody, a distinct need for an adult to support him; and The adult responds to this appeal. From these postulates it becomes clear that the child needs education in his development to adulthood. I f the relationship of knowing, trust and authority is sound, then discipline is justified in education. When the educator disciplines the child he should take into consideration the values of the community and the dignity of the child. If the educator observes that the child acts contrary to 1 ife—compulsory norms, it is the duty of the education to intervene with the view to changing the child's life far the better (pedagogic disapproval). This may involve various forms of punishment, inter alia — Reproof; Isolation; Staying in; Imposition at home; Deprivation of privileges; Temporary or permanent suspension; and Corporal punishment (viix) From the above it is clear that corporal punishment should be used as a last resort. It shouId be borne in mind that physical punishment ought to be administered according to prescribed regulations in the Department of Education and Culture in Kwa-Zulu schools. A breach of these rules may result in total rejection of czorpors.1 punishment as an educative punishment. In the light of the findings of this research the following are recommended: Effective internal management; Parental involvement and assistance; and That further in—depth research regarding parental involvement and assistance to our Black children and their relationship with parents, be conducted.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education (Educational Psychology) in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Needs Education at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2015 / What educators do or can do to handle certain occurring misbehaviour in the classroom was the main subject of this study. The aim of this study was to explore or investigate the disciplinary measures the ‘Intermediate, Senior and Further Education and Training Phase’ educators in UMkhanyakude district were making use of to handle undesirable behaviour with the purpose of discovering alternative disciplinary measures that would be consistent, possible to implement and effective in dealing with different learners within the classrooms without inflicting any physical, emotional and psychological pain. A questionnaire which had closed-ended and open-ended questions was developed and distributed among 54 educators (52 educators responded) who were located around Mtubatuba Town, KwaMsane Township and UMpukunyoni Area. With the same questionnaire, out of 9 members of the School Management Team located in selected places, 6 were interviewed. Data was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Quantitative data was coded and entered into SPSS. This study examined the research findings on the application and the frequency of certain methods of handling misbehaviour; actions taken when a certain misbehaviour occurs and the effectiveness of those actions. Significant themes that emerged from actions taken by participants when learners misbehaves and participants’ recommendations on what they consider preferable were identified for qualitative analysis. The study findings revealed that participants did make use of certain methods with the intention of either inflicting physical, emotional or psychological pain so that the misbehaviour can be stopped. The findings revealed that the methods that were implemented caused some discomfort, most of them did not permanently stopped misbehaviour. The study recommends that parental involvement and code of conduct be made use of to handle misbehaviour. The participants did not reveal any discomfort brought by the implementation of parental involvement and code of conduct.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of academic requirement for the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Planning and Administration at the University of Zululand, 2019. / The abolishment of corporal punishment has left many teachers with high stress on how to deal with undisciplined learners. Teachers in both public and independent rural primary schools find it difficult to maintain discipline resulting in the number of criminal activities and ill-discipline of learners. In South Africa, the department does not seem to be assisting educators in dealing with abusive and disruptive learners. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of alternatives to corporal punishment for maintaining discipline in rural primary schools. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used to collect data. The results of this study indicate that alternatives to corporal punishment are effectively applied in primary schools and are effective. However, some do not encourage those alternatives, they think these result in misconduct. Some educators suggest that learners need to be punished corporally in order to maintain discipline in them, which is why the majority of teachers are still practicing corporal punishment. They think it is effective in maintaining discipline. All schools using alternative methods have reported positive response to their methods in dealing with misbehaviour of learners in classroom and outdoors. It can be concluded that teachers are still applying corporal punishment in maintaining discipline and therefore need training in dealing with disruptive learners in maintaining discipline in schools as corporal punishment is lawfully banned in schools.

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