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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Robust recursive path-following control for autonomous heavy-duty vehicles / Controle robusto recursivo para seguimento de caminho aplicado à veículo autônomo de carga

Filipe Marques Barbosa 04 December 2018 (has links)
Path following and lateral stability are crucial issues for autonomous vehicles. Moreover, these problems increase in complexity when handling heavy-duty vehicles due to their poor manoeuvrability, large sizes and mass variation. In addition, uncertainties on mass may have the potential to significantly decrease the performance of the system, even to the point of destabilising it. These parametric variations must be taken into account during the design of the controller. However, robust control techniques usually require offline adjustment of auxiliary tuning parameters, which is not practical and leads to sub-optimal operation. Hence, this work presents an approach to path-following and lateral control for autonomous heavy-duty vehicles subject to parametric uncertainties by using a robust recursive regulator. The main advantage of the proposed controller is that it does not depend on the offline adjustment of tuning parameters. Parametric uncertainties were assumed to be on the payload, and an H∞ controller was used for performance comparison in simulations. The performance of both controllers is evaluated in a double lane-change manoeuvre. Simulation results showed that the proposed method had better performance in terms of robustness, lateral stability, driving smoothness and safety, which demonstrates that it is a very promising control technique for practical applications. Ultimately, experiment tests in a rigid heavy-duty truck validate what was found in simulation results. / O seguimento de caminho e a estabilidade lateral são questões cruciais para veículos autônomos. Além disso, devido à baixa capacidade de manobra, tamanho e grande variação de massa, estes problemas se tornam mais complexos quando se trata de veículos pesados. Adicionalmente, as incertezas na massa têm o potencial de diminuir significativamente o desempenho do sistema, chegando ao ponto de desestabilizá-lo, assim, essas variações paramétricas devem ser consideradas durante o projeto do controlador. No entanto, as técnicas de controle robusto geralmente exigem o ajuste off-line de parâmetros auxiliares do controlador, o que não é prático e lava a uma operação sub-ótima. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de controle de seguimento de caminho e controle lateral para veículos pesados autônomos sujeitos a incertezas paramétricas usando um regulador robusto recursivo. A principal vantagem deste controlador é que ele não depende do ajuste off-line de parâmetros. Assumiu-se que as incertezas paramétricas estavam na carga do veículo, e um controlador H∞ foi usado para comparar o desempenho em simulação. O desempenho de ambos os controladores é avaliado em uma manobra de mudança de faixa. Os resultados de simulação mostraram que o método proposto apresentou melhor desempenho em termos de robustez, estabilidade lateral, suavidade na condução e segurança, o que o demonstra como uma técnica de controle bastante promissora para aplicações práticas. Por fim, testes experimentais em um caminhão rígido reforçam os resultados obtidos em simulação.
192

Estimating and control of Markov jump linear systems with partial observation of the operation mode. / Estimação e controle de sistemas lineares com saltos markovianos com observação parcial do mode de operação.

André Marcorin de Oliveira 29 November 2018 (has links)
In this thesis, we present some contributions to the Markov jump linear systems theory in a context of partial information on the Markov chain. We consider that the state of the Markov chain cannot be measured, but instead there is only an observed variable that could model an asynchronous phenomenon between the application and the plant, or a simple fault detection and isolation device. In this formulation, we investigate the problem of designing controllers and filters depending only on the observed variable in the context of H2, H?, and mixed H2/H? control theory. Numerical examples and academic applications are presented for active-fault tolerant control systems and networked control systems. / Nesta tese, apresentamos algumas contribuições para a teoria de sistemas lineares com saltos markovianos em um contexto de observação parcial da cadeia de Markov. Consideramos que o estado da cadeia de Markov não pode ser medido, porém existe uma variável observada que pode modelar um fenômeno assíncrono entre a aplicação e a planta, ou ainda um dispositivo de detecção de falhas simples. Através desse modelo, investigamos o problema da síntese de controladores e filtros que dependem somente da variável observada no contexto das teorias de controle H2, H?, e misto H2/H?. Exemplos numéricos e aplicações acadêmicas são apresentadas no âmbito dos sistemas de controle tolerantes a falhas e dos sistemas de controle através da rede.
193

Estimating and control of Markov jump linear systems with partial observation of the operation mode. / Estimação e controle de sistemas lineares com saltos markovianos com observação parcial do mode de operação.

Oliveira, André Marcorin de 29 November 2018 (has links)
In this thesis, we present some contributions to the Markov jump linear systems theory in a context of partial information on the Markov chain. We consider that the state of the Markov chain cannot be measured, but instead there is only an observed variable that could model an asynchronous phenomenon between the application and the plant, or a simple fault detection and isolation device. In this formulation, we investigate the problem of designing controllers and filters depending only on the observed variable in the context of H2, H?, and mixed H2/H? control theory. Numerical examples and academic applications are presented for active-fault tolerant control systems and networked control systems. / Nesta tese, apresentamos algumas contribuições para a teoria de sistemas lineares com saltos markovianos em um contexto de observação parcial da cadeia de Markov. Consideramos que o estado da cadeia de Markov não pode ser medido, porém existe uma variável observada que pode modelar um fenômeno assíncrono entre a aplicação e a planta, ou ainda um dispositivo de detecção de falhas simples. Através desse modelo, investigamos o problema da síntese de controladores e filtros que dependem somente da variável observada no contexto das teorias de controle H2, H?, e misto H2/H?. Exemplos numéricos e aplicações acadêmicas são apresentadas no âmbito dos sistemas de controle tolerantes a falhas e dos sistemas de controle através da rede.
194

Robust recursive path-following control for autonomous heavy-duty vehicles / Controle robusto recursivo para seguimento de caminho aplicado à veículo autônomo de carga

Barbosa, Filipe Marques 04 December 2018 (has links)
Path following and lateral stability are crucial issues for autonomous vehicles. Moreover, these problems increase in complexity when handling heavy-duty vehicles due to their poor manoeuvrability, large sizes and mass variation. In addition, uncertainties on mass may have the potential to significantly decrease the performance of the system, even to the point of destabilising it. These parametric variations must be taken into account during the design of the controller. However, robust control techniques usually require offline adjustment of auxiliary tuning parameters, which is not practical and leads to sub-optimal operation. Hence, this work presents an approach to path-following and lateral control for autonomous heavy-duty vehicles subject to parametric uncertainties by using a robust recursive regulator. The main advantage of the proposed controller is that it does not depend on the offline adjustment of tuning parameters. Parametric uncertainties were assumed to be on the payload, and an H∞ controller was used for performance comparison in simulations. The performance of both controllers is evaluated in a double lane-change manoeuvre. Simulation results showed that the proposed method had better performance in terms of robustness, lateral stability, driving smoothness and safety, which demonstrates that it is a very promising control technique for practical applications. Ultimately, experiment tests in a rigid heavy-duty truck validate what was found in simulation results. / O seguimento de caminho e a estabilidade lateral são questões cruciais para veículos autônomos. Além disso, devido à baixa capacidade de manobra, tamanho e grande variação de massa, estes problemas se tornam mais complexos quando se trata de veículos pesados. Adicionalmente, as incertezas na massa têm o potencial de diminuir significativamente o desempenho do sistema, chegando ao ponto de desestabilizá-lo, assim, essas variações paramétricas devem ser consideradas durante o projeto do controlador. No entanto, as técnicas de controle robusto geralmente exigem o ajuste off-line de parâmetros auxiliares do controlador, o que não é prático e lava a uma operação sub-ótima. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de controle de seguimento de caminho e controle lateral para veículos pesados autônomos sujeitos a incertezas paramétricas usando um regulador robusto recursivo. A principal vantagem deste controlador é que ele não depende do ajuste off-line de parâmetros. Assumiu-se que as incertezas paramétricas estavam na carga do veículo, e um controlador H∞ foi usado para comparar o desempenho em simulação. O desempenho de ambos os controladores é avaliado em uma manobra de mudança de faixa. Os resultados de simulação mostraram que o método proposto apresentou melhor desempenho em termos de robustez, estabilidade lateral, suavidade na condução e segurança, o que o demonstra como uma técnica de controle bastante promissora para aplicações práticas. Por fim, testes experimentais em um caminhão rígido reforçam os resultados obtidos em simulação.
195

Projeto de sistemas de controle multivariáveis robustos com especificações no domínio do tempo. / Robust multivariable control systems design with time domain specifications.

Leonardi, Fabrizio 29 November 2002 (has links)
Este trabalho discute o projeto de compensadores multivariáveis robustos com especificações no domínio do tempo. Primeiramente faz-se a análise dos compensadores por observadores de estados como forma de atingir tais objetivos. Mostra-se que, em certas condições, essa estrutura equivale à dos observadores proporcionais-integrais e apresentam-se as condições de estabilidade nominal. Evidencia-se também que é possível tratar esse problema de controle como um problema de "model matching" ou como um problema de controle com dois graus de liberdade. Mostra-se também que o projeto do compensador é equivalente ao projeto de sistemas de controle por realimentação estática da saída. Essa equivalência implica que, embora os compensadores por observadores sejam cômodos à incorporação de especificações temporais, sua estrutura é limitada para garantir que especificações gerais sejam satisfeitas. Contorna-se então essa limitação estendendo-se o estudo ao caso dos compensadores sem essa restrição estrutural. O problema de "model matching" e o problema de controle 2D são considerados como forma indireta de incorporar-se as especificações temporais e condições de projeto são obtidas reduzindo-se os possíveis conservadorismos dos projetos usuais. Ainda neste sentido, formula-se o problema denominado de "model tracking", podendo ser capaz de reduzir ainda mais esses aspectos de conservadorismo. Nessa estrutura, o erro de rastreamento entre a saída do modelo de referência e a saída medida da planta é realimentado, fazendo com que o modelo de referência faça parte explícita do controlador, permitindo ajuste pós-projeto da mesma forma que faz com a estrutura 2D. Toda as condições de projeto são obtidas no domínio da freqüência, em termos de restrições da malha aberta e da malha fechada, permitindo que técnicas padrões de projeto multivariável como LQG/LTR e H¥ possam ser diretamente utilizadas na obtenção do compensador. Obtiveram-se assim metodologias de projeto capazes de garantir robustamente a rejeição do erro de rastreamento de um modelo de referência, além de permitir que especificações usuais como a rejeição dos erros de medida e rejeição dos distúrbios sejam incorporadas no mesmo procedimento de projeto. O controle de um tanque de mistura é usado como exemplo numérico para ilustrar as metodologias de projeto. / This work is concerned with the design of robust multivariable controllers with time domain specifications. As a first step an analysis of controllers based on state observers has been done. It has been shown that this structure is equivalent to the proportional-integral observers. The conditions for nominal stability have then been presented. It has also been shown that this control problem can be seen as a model matching control design with two degrees of freedom. Furthermore it has been shown that compensator design can be reduced to the traditional static output feedback problem. This fact implies that although compensators based on state observers seem to be suitable to deal with time domain specifications, their structure has limitations to guarantee that more general specifications be satisfied. In order to overcome such limitations both the model matching and the 2-D control structures have been considered to include time domain specifications in the design problem. Design conditions have been derived in order to reduce the eventual conservatism associated to the usual design procedure. A control design problem named model tracking has also been formulated with the aim of reducing even more such conservatism. In this new structure the tracking error between the output of the reference model and the measured plant output is fed back. The reference model is then an explicit part of the controller. As a consequence small adjustments can be done on it during system start-up in the same way as with the 2-D structure. All the design conditions have been written in the frequency domain as constraints on both open-loop and closed-loop transfer matrices. Standard multivariable design techniques like LQG/LTR and H¥ can then be used. The proposed design methodology can robustly guarantee tracking of the reference model output as well as both measurement error and disturbance rejections. The control of a mixture tank has been used as a numeric example to illustrate the design methodologies.
196

Projeto de controladores robustos para aplicações em estruturas inteligentes utilizando desigualdades matriciais lineares /

Silva, Samuel da. January 2005 (has links)
Resumo: Este trabalho tem como propósito utilizar técnicas de controle robusto para atenuação ativa de vibração mecânica em estruturas acopladas a atuadores e sensores piezelétricos. Os controladores são projetados segundo o enfoque de otimização convexa, com os requisitos envolvendo desigualdades matriciais lineares (LMIs). A proposta é ilustrar duas sínteses diferentes de realimentação via LMIs. A primeira é o projeto de controladores por realimentação de estados, estimados por um observador, considerando incertezas paramétricas do tipo politópicas. A segunda metodologia é baseada no controle H8 via realimentação do sinal de saída, considerando incertezas dinâmicas limitadas por norma. Os sensores/atuadores são posicionados em pontos ótimos utilizando-se a norma H8 como índice de desempenho. Os modelos matemáticos utilizados na síntese dos controladores foram obtidos a partir do método dos elementos finitos considerando o acoplamento eletromecânico entre os atuadores/sensores e a estrutura base ou a partir de métodos de identificação. Neste contexto, este trabalho também discute e exemplifica o algoritmo de realização de autosistemas (ERA). Três exemplos são solucionados para exemplificar a metodologia implementada: uma estrutura tipo placa, uma viga engastada-livre e a supressão ativa de flutter em um aerofólio 2-D, problema de grande interesse na indústria aeronáutica. Os resultados mostraram uma significante atenuação da vibração estrutural na faixa de freqüência de interesse e o atendimento dos requisitos impostos na fase de projeto. / Abstract: The proposal of this work is to use robust control techniques in order to suppress mechanical vibration in structures with pieozoelectric sensors and actuators coupled. The controllers are designed by convex optimization and the constraints are dealt through linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) frameworks. Two different methodologies to feedback the system by using LMIs are explained. The first one is the observer-based state-feedback considering polytopic uncertainties. The second one is the H output feedback control considering norm-bound uncertainties. The sensors/actuators are located in optimal placements by using H norm as performance index. The mathematical models used in the controller design were obtained by finite element methods considering eletromechanical effects between the host structure and piezoelectric sensors/actuators patches or by using identification methods. In this sense, it is also discussed the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA). Three different applications are proposed and solved in order to illustrate the applicability of the methodology: a cantilever plate; a cantilever beam; and an active flutter suppression in a 2-D airfoil, a problem of considered interest in the aeronautic industry. The results showed the vibration suppression in the bandwidth of interest when submited to the requirements imposed by practical situations. / Orientador: Vicente Lopes Junior / Coorientador: Edvaldo Assunção / Banca: Vicente Lopes Junior / Banca: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira / Banca: Edilson Hiroshi Tamai / Mestre
197

Essays on model uncertainty in macroeconomics

Zhao, Mingjun, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-76).
198

Robust Motion Planning in the Presence of Uncertainties using a Maneuver Automaton

Topsakal, Julide Julie 18 April 2005 (has links)
One of the basic problems which have to be solved by Unmanned Automated Vehicles (UAV) involves the computation of a motion plan that would enable the system to reach a target given a set of initial conditions in presence of uncertainties on the vehicle dynamics and in the environment. Recent research efforts in this area have relied on deterministic models. To address the problem of inevitable uncertainties, a low-level control layer is typically used to ensure proper robust trajectory tracking. Such decision-tracking algorithms correct model disturbances a posteriori, while the whole movement planning is done in a purely deterministic fashion. We argue that the decision making process that takes place during movement planning, as performed by experienced human pilots, is not a purely deterministic operation, but is heavily influenced by the presence of uncertainties and reflects a risk-management policy. This research aims at addressing these uncertainties and developing an optimal control strategy that would account for the presence of system uncertainties. The underlying description of UAV trajectories will be based on a modeling language, the Maneuver Automaton, that takes into full account the vehicle dynamics, and hence guarantees flyable and trackable paths and results in a discretized solution space. Two optimal control problems, a nominal problem omitting uncertainties and a robust problem addressing the presence of uncertainties, will be defined and compared throughout this work. The incorporation of uncertainties, will ensure that the generated motion planning policies will maximize the probability to meet mission goals, weighing risks against performance.
199

Performance Evaluation Of Piezoelectric Sensor/actuator On Investigation Of Vibration Characteristics And Active Vibration Control Of A Smart Beam

Aridogan, Mustafa Ugur 01 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis, the performance of piezoelectric patches on investigation of vibration characteristics and active vibration control of a smart beam is presented. The smart beam is composed of eight surface-bonded piezoelectric patches symmetrically located on each side of a cantilever aluminium beam. At first, vibration characteristics of the smart beam is investigated by employment of piezoelectric patches as sensors and actuators. Smart beam is excited by either impact hammer or piezoelectric patch and the response of the smart beam particular to these excitations is measured by piezoelectric patches used as sensors. In order to investigate the performance of piezoelectric patches in sensing, the measurements are also conducted by commercially available sensing devices. Secondly, active vibration suppression of the smart beam via piezoelectric sensor/actuator pair is considered. For this purpose, system identification of the smart beam is conducted by using four piezoelectric patches as actuators and another piezoelectric patch as a sensor. The designed robust controller is experimentally implemented and active vibration suppression of the free and first resonance forced vibration is presented. Thirdly, active vibration control of the smart beam is studied by employment of piezoelectric patches as self-sensing actuators. Following the same approach used in the piezoelectric sensor/actuator pair case, system identification is conducted via self-sensing piezoelectric actuators and robust controller is designed for active vibration suppression of the smart beam. Finally, active vibration suppression via self-sensing piezoelectric actuators is experimentally presented.
200

Robust Nonlinear Model Predictive Control based on Constrained Saddle Point Optimization : Stability Analysis and Application to Type 1 Diabetes

Penet, Maxime 10 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis deals with the design of a robust and safe control algorithm to aim at an artificial pancreas. More precisely we will be interested in controlling the stabilizing part of a classical cure. To meet this objective, the design of a robust nonlinear model predictive controller based on the solution of a saddle point optimization problem is considered. Also, to test the controller performances in a realistic case, numerical simulations on a FDA validated testing platform are envisaged.In a first part, we present an extension of the usual nonlinear model predictive controller designed to robustly control, in a sampled-data framework, systems described by nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This controller, which computes the best control input by considering the solution of a constrained saddle point optimization problem, is called saddle point model predictive controller (SPMPC). Using this controller, it is proved that the closed-loop is Ultimately Bounded and, with some assumptions on the problem structure, Input-to State practically Stable. Then, we are interested in numerically solving the corresponding control problem. To do so, we propose an algorithm inspired from the augmented Lagrangian technique and which makes use of adjoint model.In a second part, we consider the application of this controller to the problem of artificial blood glucose control. After a modeling phase, two models are retained. A simple one will be used to design the controller and a complex one will be used to simulate realistic virtual patients. This latter is needed to validate our control approach. In order to compute a good control input, the SPMPC controller needs the full state value. However, the sensors can only provide the value of blood glucose. That is why the design of an adequate observer is envisaged. Then, numerical simulations are performed. The results show the interest of the approach. For all virtual patients, no hypoglycemia event occurs and the time spent in hyperglycemia is too short to induce damageable consequences. Finally, the interest of extending the SPMPC approach to consider the control of time delay systems in a sampled-data framework is numerically explored.

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