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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

LPV approaches for modelling and control of vehicle dynamics : application toa small car pilot plant with ER dampers / Approches LPV pour la modélisation et la commande de châssis automobiles : application à un mini véhicule équipé de suspensions semi-actives

Nguyen, Manh Quan 04 November 2016 (has links)
La suspension joue un rôle central pour la dynamique verticale d’un véhicule automobile afin d’améliorer le confort des passagers et la tenue de route. Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse sont divisés en deux grandes parties. La première partie considère le problème de commande d’une suspension semi-active dont le défi principal est de prendre en compte les contraintes de dissipativité et de débattement maximum des amortisseurs. Celles-ci sont transformées en des contraintes sur la commande et l’état d‘un système linéaire. Deux approches sont alors proposées pour la synthèse de la commande de la suspension semi-active : la commande Linéaire à Paramètres Variants (LPV) avec prise en compte de la saturation et la Commande Prédictive à base de Modèle (MPC).La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’estimation de défaut actionneur et à la commande Tolérante à ce type de défauts, avec comme application majeure le système de suspension semi-active. On considère ici comme défaut une perte de puissance de l’amortisseur (par exemple une fuite de l’huile), qui est estimée en utilisant plusieurs approches fondées sur des observateurs d’état. Puis, en fonction de l’estimation du défaut, la commande en boucle fermée est reconfigurée afin de conserver des performances pour la dynamique verticale du véhicule. / Semi-active suspension system plays a key role in enhancing comfort and road holding of vertical dynamics in automotive vehicles. This PhD thesis research work, focused on that topic, is divided into two main parts. The first one considers the semi-active suspension control problem, the main challenge of which being to handle the dissipativity constraint and suspensions stroke limitation of semi-active dampers. These constraints are recast into input and state constraints in a linear state space representation. Thereby, the semi-active suspension control is designed in the framework of Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) approach with input constraints, and of Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach.The second part is devoted to Fault Estimation and Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) in case of actuator fault, and its application to Semi-Active suspension systems. The fault considered here is the loss of actuator's efficiency (due to an oil leakage of the damper for instance when a ), which is estimated using several observer-based approaches. Then, thanks to the fault information from the estimation step, an LPV/FTC fault scheduling control is designed to limit the vehicle performance deterioration.
282

Controladores eletrônicos PWM integrados para compensadores harmônicos estáticos.

KETZER, Marcos Batista. 28 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T23:11:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS BATISTA KETZER – TESE (PPGEEI) 2017.pdf: 19636979 bytes, checksum: 464380f92f3fb477252ab2b6f6cd2655 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T23:11:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS BATISTA KETZER – TESE (PPGEEI) 2017.pdf: 19636979 bytes, checksum: 464380f92f3fb477252ab2b6f6cd2655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-30 / Esta tese de doutorado apresenta as contribuições realizadas no desenvolvimento de controladores eletrônicos modulados por largura de pulso para compensadores estáticos de potência aplicados na mitigação de. componentes harmônicas de tensão e corrente. Entre as novidades das técnicas aqui apresentadas, destacam-se as seguintes características: maior integração viabilizada pela redução do número de sensores para operação, e projeto robusto, considerando modelagem e sintonia, otimizando tolerância às incertezas e imunidade ao ruído nas malhas de realimentação. As soluções apresentadas contribuem para redução de custos de fabricação, assim como manutenção dos equipamentos, uma vez que o conjunto de componentes eletrônicos necessários na composição do equipamento é reduzida. Dentro do apresentado contexto, esta tese é dividida em três partes, agrupando um conjunto de contribuições distintas em cada caso, exploradas com diferentes topologias de circuitos. Na primeira e segunda parte são apresentadas duas soluções de controladores sensorless, o primeiro baseado na orientação dos sinais, e o segundo baseado na modulação. Enquanto a primeira e segunda parte focam na realização digital dos controladores, na terceira parte é apresentada uma solução em circuito integrado analógico-misturado, com potencial aplicação em sistemas de alta densidade. Também na terceira parte é discutida uma solução considerando circuitos de gerenciamento de energia com dois estágios de conversão. A fim de demonstrar a viabilidade técnica das contribuições, simulações numéricas e resultados experimentais obtidos em laboratório a partir de protótipos são apresentados. Análises da operação em regime permanente e transitórios são discutidos, mostrando que um desempenho satisfatório e estável é obtido através das técnicas propostas. / This doctoral dissertation presents a set of contributions considering the development of pulse width modulated electronic controllers for static power compensators, applied in the mitigation of harmonic components of voltage and current. Among the novelties of the presented techniques, the following charact.eristics are highlighted: greater integration made possible with the reduction of the number of sensors, and robust design, considering the modeling and tuning, optimizing the tolerance for uncertainties and noise immunity in the feedback schemes. The presented solutions contribute for the reduction of manufacturing costs, since the set of electronic components for the equipment composition is reduced. In the presented context, this thesis is divided in three parts, grouping a set of distinct contributions in each case, which is explored with different circuit topologies. In the first and second parts two main solutions for sensorless controllers are presented, the first based in the signals orientations, and the second in the modulation. Whereas the first and second part focuses on the digital realization of the controllers, the third part presents an analog-mixed integrated circuit solution, with potential applications in high-density systems. In addition, the third part discusses a solution considering power management circuits with two-stage conversion. In order to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the presented contributions, numerical simulations and experimental results obtained through laboratory prototypes are presented. Analysis of the steady-state regime and transients are discussed, showing that a satisfactory performance is obtained through the proposed techniques.
283

Robust and stochastic MPC of uncertain-parameter systems

Fleming, James January 2016 (has links)
Constraint handling is difficult in model predictive control (MPC) of linear differential inclusions (LDIs) and linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. The designer is faced with a choice of using conservative bounds that may give poor performance, or accurate ones that require heavy online computation. This thesis presents a framework to achieve a more flexible trade-off between these two extremes by using a state tube, a sequence of parametrised polyhedra that is guaranteed to contain the future state. To define controllers using a tube, one must ensure that the polyhedra are a sub-set of the region defined by constraints. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these subset relations follow from duality theory, and it is possible to apply these conditions to constrain predicted system states and inputs with only a little conservatism. This leads to a general method of MPC design for uncertain-parameter systems. The resulting controllers have strong theoretical properties, can be implemented using standard algorithms and outperform existing techniques. Crucially, the online optimisation used in the controller is a convex problem with a number of constraints and variables that increases only linearly with the length of the prediction horizon. This holds true for both LDI and LPV systems. For the latter it is possible to optimise over a class of gain-scheduled control policies to improve performance, with a similar linear increase in problem size. The framework extends to stochastic LDIs with chance constraints, for which there are efficient suboptimal methods using online sampling. Sample approximations of chance constraint-admissible sets are generally not positively invariant, which motivates the novel concept of ‘sample-admissible' sets with this property to ensure recursive feasibility when using sampling methods. The thesis concludes by introducing a simple, convex alternative to chance-constrained MPC that applies a robust bound to the time average of constraint violations in closed-loop.
284

Synthèse unifiée de commandes robustes pour la chaine d'air des moteurs à combustion interne / A Unified Synthesis and Robust Control Design for the Air Path of Internal Combustion Engines

Deng, Chao 14 June 2013 (has links)
Depuis la création des moteurs à combustion interne, les recherches sur les moteurs essence et diesel se sont développées indépendamment. Afin de réduire les temps et les coûts de développement d’un moteur, une approche unifiée de conception serait intéressante. Dans ce cadre, le contrôle et la mise au point des moteurs à combustion interne pourrait être elle aussi unifiée. Bien évidemment, ce contrôle doit être stable, robuste vis-à-vis des disparités de fabrication, comme de fonctionnement. Cette thèse porte alors sur une démarche unifiée, pour les moteurs essence comme pour les moteurs diesel, afin d’obtenir un contrôle robuste de la chaîne d’air du moteur. La chaîne d’air du moteur contient les éléments permettant de contrôler la quantité et les proportions d’air et de gaz neutres dans le cylindre (Recirculation des gaz d’échappement, papillon d’admission, turbocompresseur). Cette démarche unifiée de commande, permettant de contrôler les systèmes monovariables, tout comme multivariables non carrés (nombre d’entrées différent du nombre de sorties), contient plusieurs étapes : identification d’un modèle du système, analyse du système permettant d’en déduire une structure de contrôle, synthèse d’un contrôleur autour d’un nominal, vérification de la robustesse en stabilité, tests du contrôle. Le couplage des entrées vers les sorties, les non linéarités sont pris en compte lors de la synthèse du contrôleur. Cette méthode de conception a été validée sur plusieurs applications dont un moteur essence et un moteur diesel. Des résultats expérimentaux sur un banc moteur diesel haute dynamique ont montrés que la commande multivariable permettait de réduire les émissions d’oxydes d’azote. / Since the creation of internal combustion engines, research on gasoline and diesel engines were developed independently. To reduce the time and cost of developing an engine, a unified design approach would be interesting. In this context, control and development of internal combustion engines could also be unified. Obviously, this control must be stable, robust with respect to manufacturing disparities and operating points. This thesis then focuses on a unified approach for gasoline engines as well as diesel engines, to achieve a robust of the air path. The engine air path contains the information needed to control the amount and proportions of air and neutral gases in the cylinder (exhaust gas recirculation, throttle valve, turbocharger). This unified approach to control monovariable systems, as well as non-square multivariable systems (number of inputs different from the number of outputs), consists of several steps: identification of a model of the system, system analysis to deduce a control structure, synthesis of a controller around a nominal model, check robust stability, control tests. The coupling inputs to outputs and nonlinearities are taken into account during the synthesis of the controller. This design method has been validated in several applications including a gasoline engine and a diesel engine. Experimental results on a diesel engine high dynamics test bench have shown that the multivariable control results in lower emissions of nitrogen oxides.
285

Fault-tolerant control of an octorotor unmanned aerial vehicle under actuators failures / Commande tolérante aux fautes lors de pannes de moteurs d’un drone

Saied, Majd 08 July 2016 (has links)
La sûreté de fonctionnement est devenue indispensable pour tous les systèmes critiques où des vies humaines sont en jeu (comme l’aéronautique, le ferroviaire, etc.). Ceci a conduit à la conception et au développement des architectures tolérantes aux fautes, l’objectif de ces architectures étant de maintenir un service correct délivré par le système malgré la présence de fautes, et en particulier de garantir la sécurité-innocuité et la fiabilité du système. La tolérance aux fautes sur les drones aériens multirotors a récemment reçu une attention importante de la part de la communauté scientifique. En particulier, plusieurs travaux ont été développés sur la tolérance aux fautes des quadrirotors suite à des fautes partielles sur les actionneurs, et récemment des recherches ont abordé le problème de panne totale de l’un des actionneurs. D’après ces études, il a été montré qu’une défaillance totale d’un actionneur dans un quadrirotor rend le système non complètement contrôlable. Une solution proposée est de considérer des multirotors avec des actionneurs redondants (hexarotors ou octorotors). La redondance inhérente disponible dans ces véhicules est exploitée, en cas de défaillance sur les actionneurs, pour redistribuer les efforts de commande sur les moteurs sains de façon à garantir la stabilité et la contrôlabilité complète du système. Dans ce travail de thèse, des approches pour la conception de systèmes de commande tolérants aux fautes des drones multirotors sont étudiées et appliquées au contrôle des octorotors. Toutefois, les algorithmes sont conçus de manière à être applicables sur les autres types de multirotors avec des modifications mineures. D’abord, une analyse de contrôlabilité de l’octorotor après l’occurrence de défaillances sur les actionneurs est présentée. Ensuite, un module de détection et d’isolation de pannes moteurs basé sur un observateur non-linéaire et les mesures de la centrale inertielle est proposé. Les mesures des vitesses et des courants de moteurs fournis par les contrôleurs de vitesse sont également utilisées dans un autre algorithme de détection pour détecter les défaillances des actionneurs et distinguer les pannes moteurs des pertes des hélices. Un module de rétablissement basé sur la reconfiguration du multiplexage est proposé pour redistribuer les efforts de commande d’une manière optimale sur les actionneurs sains après l’occurrence de défaillances dans le système. Une architecture complète, comprenant la détection et l’isolation des défauts suivie par le rétablissement du système est validée expérimentalement sur un octorotor coaxial puis elle est comparée à d’autres architectures basées sur l’allocation de commande et la tolérance aux fautes passive par mode glissant. / With growing demands for safety and reliability, and an increasing awareness about the risks associated with system malfunction, dependability has become an essential concern in modern technological systems, particularly safety-critical systems such as aircrafts or railway systems. This has led to the design and development of fault tolerant control systems (FTC). The main objective of a FTC architecture is to maintain the desirable performance of the system in the event of faults and to prevent local faults from causing failures. The last years witnessed many developments in the area of fault detection and diagnosis and fault tolerant control for Unmanned Aerial rotary-wing Vehicles. In particular, there has been extensive work on stability improvements for quadrotors in case of partial failures, and recently, some works addressed the problem of a quadrotor complete propeller failure. However, these studies demonstrated that a complete loss of a quadrotor motor results in a vehicle that is not fully controllable. An alternative is then to consider multirotors with redundant actuators (octorotors or hexarotors). Inherent redundancy available in these vehicles can be exploited, in the event of an actuator failure, to redistribute the control effort among the remaining working actuators such that stability and complete controllability are retained. In this thesis, fault-tolerant control approaches for rotary-wing UAVs are investigated. The work focuses on developing algorithms for a coaxial octorotor UAV. However, these algorithms are designed to be applicable to any redundant multirotor under minor modifications. A nonlinear model-based fault detection and isolation system for motors failures is constructed based on a nonlinear observer and on the outputs of the inertial measurement unit. Motors speeds and currents given by the electronic speed controllers are also used in another fault detection and isolation module to detect actuators failures and distinguish between motors failures and propellers damage. An offline rule-based reconfigurable control mixing is designed in order to redistribute the control effort on the healthy actuators in case of one or more motors failures. A complete architecture including fault detection and isolation followed by system recovery is tested experimentally on a coaxial octorotor and compared to other architectures based on pseudo-inverse control allocation and a robust controller using second order sliding mode.
286

Projeto e análise de controladores robustos aplicados a inversores trifásicos de fontes ininterruptas de energia (UPS)

Barden, Alisson Thomas January 2016 (has links)
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de controladores robustos baseados no princípio do modelo interno, em referenciais síncrono e estacionário, para aplicação ao estágio de saída de uma fonte ininterrupta de energia (UPS) a fim de minimizar a distorção na tensão de saída causada pela conexão de cargas não lineares balanceadas e desbalanceadas. A formulação em referencial estacionário (abc) é realizada através da aplicação de controladores com múltiplos modos ressonantes, a fim de se estabelecer erro nulo ao seguimento de referência senoidal e rejeição de distúrbios na tensão de saída devido às correntes com elevado conteúdo harmônico drenadas pelas cargas. Além disso, o controle é formulado em referencial síncrono (dq0) utilizando controladores Proporcional-Integral (PI) convencionais muito difundidos na maioria das aplicações comerciais de UPS. O projeto de ambos controladores é realizado utilizando uma metodologia de controle robusto com realimentação de estados, onde os parâmetros dos controladores são determinados através da resolução de um problema de otimização convexa sujeito a um conjunto de restrições na forma de desigualdades matriciais lineares (LMI). Uma análise comparativa de desempenho é realizada entre controladores com um modo ressonante (sintonizado na fundamental) e o PI em dq0, pois apresentam estruturas funcionalmente equivalentes sob a ótica do princípio do modelo interno aplicada a seus respectivos referenciais. Além do mais, demonstra-se a melhoria no desempenho com o uso dos controladores múltiplo ressonantes em referencial estacionário onde escolhe-se as frequências de ressonância de cada modo de maneira a suprimir os efeitos de harmônicas específicas na tensão de saída da UPS. A análise comparativa entre os controladores propostos é realizada através de simulações numéricas, utilizando os procedimentos de ensaio dinâmico e estático e as exigências estabelecidas pela norma internacional IEC 62040-3. / The main objective of this work is the development of robust controllers based on the internalmodel principle, in synchronous and stationary frames, applied to the output stage of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), in order to minimize the output voltage distortion caused by the connection of balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads. The formulation in stationary abc-frame is accomplished through the aplication of a multiple resonant controller, so that, it is possible to achieve zero-error tracking of the sinusoidal reference and disturbances rejection on the output voltage due to the high amount of harmonic currents drained by the loads. Moreover, a controller in synchronous reference frame (dq0 axis) is formulated through the application of conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers which are widely used in comercial UPS applications. The design of both controllers is formulated using a state-feedback robust controlmethod, in which the controller parameters are determined by solving a convex optimization problem subject to a set of LMI constraints. A comparative analysis on the performance of the single-mode resonant controller (tuned at the fundamental frequency) and the PI controller is performed, because these controllers are functionally equivalent in the sense of the internal model principle applied to their respective frames. Furthermore, the improvement in performance is demostrated with the use of multiple resonant controllers in stationary abc-frame where the resonance frequencies are chosen to suppress the effects of a specific harmonic in the UPS output voltage. The comparative analysis of the proposed controllers is performed through numerical simulations, making use of the dynamical and steady-state test methods and performance requirements defined by the IEC 62040-3 international stardard.
287

Projeto em tempo discreto de controladores ressonantes aplicados a fontes ininterruptas de energia

Keiel, Guilherme January 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da discretização de controladores ressonantes aplicados a fontes ininterruptas de energia (UPSs, do termo em inglês, Uninterruptible Power Suppllies). Primeiramente, diferentes métodos de discretização serão considerados na obtenção de um modelo em tempo discreto da UPS. Além disso, estes métodos serão comparados do ponto de vista frequencial para a definição da formulação do controlador ressonante a ser utilizado. Então, uma metodologia de projeto robusto do controlador ressonante em tempo discreto é proposta a partir de uma representação em espaço de estados do sistema em malha fechada e os parâmetros do controlador são obtidos através da solução de um problema de otimização convexa sujeito a restrições na forma de Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (do inglês, Linear Matrix Inequalities - LMIs). A estratégia proposta foi validada por meio de resultados de simulação e experimentais obtidos com um inversor comercial de 3,5 kVA considerando os critérios estabelecidos na norma IEC 62040-3. Nestas condições, demonstrara-se um desempenho melhor do que os obtidos com a discretização do controlador projetado em tempo contínuo, sobretudo quando consideradas frequências de amostragem menores. / This work presents a study about discrete-time resonant controllers applied to uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs). First, different discretization methods are considered to obtain an equivalent UPS discrete-time model. Moreover, these methods are compared in the frequency domain in order to define the resonant controller structure to be employed. Then, a robust design methodology to the discrete-time resonant controller is proposed using a state-space representation of the closed-loop system and the controller parameters are obtained by solving a convex optimization problem subject to constraints in the form of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The proposed strategy was validated by means of simulation and experimental results obtained with a 3.5 kVA commercial inverter taking into account the IEC 62040-3 norm requirements. In this conditions, a better performance was achieved than those obtained through discretization of a continuous-time controller, especially when considering smaller sampling frequencies.
288

Controle robusto do modelo dinâmico de uma aeronave F-16 através das desigualdades matriciais lineares

Andrade, João Paulo Pereira de January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Victor Augusto Fernandes de Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2017. / Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação das Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (ou Linear Matrix Inequalities, ou ainda LMI), para o controle robusto de uma aeronave F-16, através de um algoritmo que garante o fator de amortecimento para o sistema em malha fechada. É apresentada a modelagem dinâmica do sistema em questão com base no estado da arte e são apresentados dois modelos simplificados para realização da aplicação dessa teoria de controle. Os resultados dos testes mostram que os ajustes de zero e ganho são suficientes para garantir desempenho e estabilidade robusta com relação a diversos pontos de operação pré-definidos. Essa é uma das principais características das LMI¿s, que são ferramentas matemáticas amplamente aplicadas em teoria de controle, que possibilitam o tratamento simultâneo de vários requisitos de desempenho e robustez. A técnica utilizada é a de alocação de pólos, que tem como objetivo alocar os pólos do sistema em malha fechada em uma região específica do plano complexo. Resultados dos testes utilizando os modelos dinâmicos lateral e longitudinal da aeronave F-16 são apresentados, discutidos e comparados. / This work presents an application of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) for the robust control of an F-16 aircraft through an algorithm that ensures the damping factor for the closed-loop system. It shows the dynamic modeling of the system in question based on the state of the art and presents two simplified models to perform the application of control theory. The test results show that the zero and gain settings are sufficient to ensure robust performance and stability with regard to several pre-defined operating points. This is one of the main characteristics of LMI¿s, which are mathematical tools widely applied in control theory, which allow the simultaneous treatment of several performance and robustness requirements. The technique used is the pole placement, which aims to allocate the system closed-loop poles in a specific region of the complex plane. Results of tests using the dynamic lateral and longitudinal models of F-16 aircraft are presented and discussed and compared.
289

Projeto de controladores robustos para acionamento de um motor de indução trifásico / Controller design for robust drive a three phase induction motor

Ortunho, Tiago Veronese [UNESP] 21 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by TIAGO VERONESE ORTUNHO null (tiagoveronese@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-12T15:21:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_Tiago Veronese Ortunho.pdf: 9888051 bytes, checksum: daa0017b5f72b209761888978c268823 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-15T11:22:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ortunho_tv_me_ilha.pdf: 9888051 bytes, checksum: daa0017b5f72b209761888978c268823 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-15T11:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ortunho_tv_me_ilha.pdf: 9888051 bytes, checksum: daa0017b5f72b209761888978c268823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / Nesta dissertação apresentam-se o princípio de funcionamento do motor de indução trifásico em regime permanente abordando os ensaios necessários para obtenção de seus parâmetros e as diferentes possibilidades de variação de velocidade. A partir disso, efetuou-se uma análise da modelagem dinâmica do motor, enfocando nas transformações de eixos, além de analisar os tipos de controle, escalar, vetorial direto e indireto (orientado pelo fluxo do rotor, pelo fluxo do estator e pelo fluxo do entreferro) e o controle direto de torque. Também se abordou os conversores CC - CA utilizados para o acionamento do motor de indução trifásico, juntamente com suas principais metodologias de modulação. Fez-se uma revisão do estado da arte dos sistemas de acionamento e controle mais estudados nos últimos anos sobre o assunto. Após, estudou-se os conceitos de estabilidade quadrática proposto por Lyapunov, juntamente com o controle H∞, os quais foram a base para o desenvolvimento de controladores robustos projetados no trabalho com desigualdade matriciais lineares (em inglês Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs)). Desenvolveram-se cinco tipos de controladores robustos com LMIs: o robusto, com taxa de decaimento (para sigma 1 e 10), H∞, H∞ com D-Estabilidade e H∞ com D-Estabilidade e realimentação da integral do erro de saída sendo que em todos o motor de indução trifásico foi orientado pelo fluxo do rotor. Os controladores foram projetados para quatro diferentes configurações, sendo considerados, primeiro caso - variação da velocidade (5 rad/s até a nominal); segundo caso - variação da velocidade e incerteza na resistência rotórica (3%); terceiro caso - variação na velocidade e incerteza na constante de tempo do rotor (5%); quarto caso - variação na velocidade e incertezas na constante de tempo do rotor (15%) e do estator (10%). Em todos os controladores projetados foram analisadas a resposta no tempo das saídas para uma entrada degrau unitário de distúrbio do torque de carga. Esta análise objetivou avaliar o comportamento do sistema, porém, para emular o sistema com maior fidelidade, foi montado no software Matlab/Simulink uma plataforma que contém o conjunto completo de acionamento, sistema de potência e controle, com alimentação trifásica, retificador de onda completa, barramento CC – CC, conversor CC – CA, motor de indução de indução trifásico e sensores. Esta plataforma possibilita desenvolver diversos testes no acionamento do motor de indução, além de facilitar a implementação e coleta de resultados com outras topologias de controladores. Nesta plataforma foram desenvolvidas simulações para o sistema sem carga e após 1,5 segundos aplicava-se um degrau de carga nominal no motor. Nesta plataforma analisaram-se o sistema em malha aberta com intuito de entender o comportamento do motor e, em malha fechada, foi simulado o sistema para os quatro casos de análise considerando os seis controladores robustos e o sistema com o controle clássico PI. Nas simulações foram observadas diversas formas de onda, as quais foram comparadas com os resultados do sistema em malha aberta e do controle PI. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para os controladores H∞ com D-Estabilidade e H∞ com D-Estabilidade e realimentação da integral do erro de saída, pois, seguiram a referência de velocidade solicitada com um tempo de estabelecimento relativamente pequeno. Evidencia-se a viabilidade dos controladores e a possibilidade da implementação em bancada e ambiente industrial, os quais proporcionarão maior confiabilidade ao sistema de acionamento. / This research shows the steady state operating principle of triphasic induction motors to approach the tests necessary to obtain their parameters and different speed variation possibilities. After were performed an analysis of the dynamics of motor modeling, focusing on the transformation of axes, and analyzing the types of control, scalar, direct and indirect vector (guided by the rotor flux at the stator flux and flux air gap) and direct torque control. The converters CC – AC used to drive the induction motor are also aborded, along with their main methods of modulation. A review of the state of the art regarding the drives and control systems most studied in recent years on the subject is presented. After were studied the concepts of quadratic stability proposed by Lyapunov, together with the H∞ control, which were the basis for the development of robust controllers based on Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). In this research were developed five types of robust controllers with LMI: the robust controller, the controller with decay rate (for sigma 1 and 10), H∞ controller, H∞ controller with D- Stability and H∞ controller with D- Stability and feedback the integral of output error, considering in all cases that the triphasic induction motor is driven by rotor flux. The controllers were designed for four different configurations and were considered the first case - the speed variation (5 rad/s up to the rated); second case - the speed variation and uncertainty in the rotor resistance (3%); third case - variations in speed and uncertainty in the rotor time constant (5%); fourth case - variations in speed and uncertainties in the rotor time constant (15%) and the stator (10%). In all researched controllers were analyzed the response time of the outputs for a unit step input load torque disturbance. This analysis aimed to evaluate system behavior, however, for a complete and rigorous analysis of the system, with greater fidelity, was set up in Matlab/ Simulink software a platform that contains the full set of drive, power and control system with three-phase power, full-wave rectifier, bus DC – DC, converter DC – AC, three-phase induction motor and sensors. This platform allows the simulation of various tests with induction motor drive, and also the implementation and result analysis using a broad class of controllers. Simulations of the system without load and considering a nominal engine load step applied after 1.5 seconds are presented. In this program were analyzed the open-loop system with the aim of understanding the motor behavior, and the closed loop system was simulated considering four cases, six robust controllers and the classic PI controller. The simulations display the waveforms of triphasic current and the line voltage of the MIT, the triggers for inverter drive, currents and voltages of the direct-axis and quadrature, the electromagnetic torque and speed. The best results were obtained for the H∞ controllers with D-Stability and H∞ with D-Stability and feedback of the integral of output error. The feedback system with this controller tracked the speed reference with a small setting time. Based on this results it is possible the application of this control technique in industrial environments.
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Contribuição ao estudo do acionamento avançado do motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes: abordagem baseada nos modos deslizantes de ordem superior / Contribution to the study of permanent magnet synchronous advanced drive: approach based on higher order sliding modes control

Dias, Milena Sabrina Godoi 24 July 2009 (has links)
This work presents a study of first and second order sliding mode controllers applied to permanent magnet synchronous motor.The aim is a theoretical study and an experimental implementation, using the DSP TMS320F2812 platform, of two second order sliding mode controllers. In addiction a study about the first order sliding mode is presented. The inclusion of this topic aims to provide a comparison elements, related to the performance, precision, robustness, chattering and implementation aspects. In the beginning of this work, are presented the principal concepts related to the approach of the variable structure control. Afterwards, a theoretical study about the first order sliding mode is realized. Beyond the theoretical formulation, the chattering and some techniques for your reduction are presented. Following, two second order sliding mode controllers are presented. The final half of the work presents the application of the sliding mode controllers to the permanent magnet motor. First, the theoretical studies with simulation results are presented. Subsequently, the results in the experimental setup show the viability of the controllers applications. The controllers use the current stator measurements, classical in this kind of application, and the position rotor measurement, obtained by absolute encoder. The tests to the controllers performance analysis consider errors in the system parameters and the load torque such as perturbation input. / Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre a aplicação de controladores baseados na abordagem dos modos deslizantes ao motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes. O objetivo central é o estudo teórico e a implementação em bancada experimental, baseada numa plataforma DSP TMS320F2812, de dois controladores em modos deslizantes de segunda ordem. Entretanto, um estudo sobre o controle em modos deslizantes de primeira ordem também é apresentado. A inclusão deste tópico tem a finalidade de fornecer elementos de comparação no tocante ao desempenho, precisão, robustez, chattering e aspectos relacionados à implementação. Na parte inicial do trabalho, são apresentados os conceitos principais relacionados à abordagem de controle de estrutura variável. Após, um estudo teórico sobre um controlador em modos deslizantes de primeira ordem é feito. Além da formulação teórica, assuntos como chattering e formas clássicas de contornar este inconveniente são abordados. Na seqüência, são apresentados dois controladores baseados no deslizamento de segunda ordem. A metade final do trabalho trata da aplicação dos controladores em modos deslizantes ao motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes. Primeiramente, estudos teóricos com diversos resultados de simulação são apresentados. Posteriormente, resultados obtidos em bancada experimental mostram a viabilidade da aplicação destes controladores ao sistema considerado. Todos os controladores estudados utilizam medidas das correntes de estator, o que é clássico neste tipo de aplicação, e a medida posição do rotor, obtida através de um encoder absoluto. Os testes para análise do desempenho dos controladores levam em consideração erros nos parâmetros do sistema e a carga como uma entrada de perturbação.

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