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QCD sum rule studies of heavy quarkonium-like states2012 September 1900 (has links)
In 2003 the Belle collaboration announced the discovery of the X(3872) particle. This was confirmed shortly thereafter by the CDF, D0 and BaBar collaborations, and later by the LHCb collaboration. Based on the decay modes that have been observed to date, it is clear that this particle is a hadron, that is, a composite particle that experiences the strong nuclear force. The X(3872) was found within a family of well understood hadrons called charmonia. Interestingly, it is quite difficult to interpret the X(3872) as a charmonium state. For this reason it has been widely speculated that the X(3872) cannot be understood in terms of the quark model, unlike the vast majority of hadrons observed to date. Such hitherto unobserved particles are called exotic hadrons. Since the discovery of the X(3872), many similarly anomalous charmonium-like particles have been discovered. As would be expected, some unanticipated hadrons have also been found in the closely related bottomonium spectrum. These particles are
collectively referred to as heavy quarkonium-like. Evidence is growing that at least some of these particles are exotic hadrons. If confirmed, this would have dramatic implications for our understanding of the strong nuclear force. A major experimental and theoretical effort is now underway in the field of hadron spectroscopy to determine the identities of the heavy quarkonium-like states. In order to investigate the possibility that some of these states could be exotic hadrons, theoretical calculations are needed to firmly establish their properties. One of the main arguments for the existence of exotic hadrons is that they are predicted by the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Therefore it is desirable to predict the properties of exotic hadrons using a theoretical approach that is firmly based in QCD. One such method is QCD sum rules (QSR). The research presented here uses the QSR technique to study exotic hadrons. There are several themes in this work. First is the use of QSR to predict the masses of exotic hadrons that may exist among the heavy quarkonium-like states. The second theme is the application of sophisticated loop integration methods in order to obtain more complete theoretical results. These in turn can be extended to higher orders in the perturbative expansion in order to predict the properties of exotic hadrons more accurately. The third theme involves developing a renormalization methodology for these higher order calculations. This research has implications for the Y(3940), X(3872), Zc(3895), Yb(10890), Zb(10610) and Zb(10650) particles, thereby contributing to the ongoing effort to understand these and other heavy quarkonium-like states.
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An analysis of the rights of notifying parties and third parties in EC merger proceedingsKekelekis, Mihail K. January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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In the Outer - Not on the Outer: Women and Australian Rules Footballdebbiehindley@westnet.com.au, Deborah Hindley January 2006 (has links)
This thesis identifies, examines and probes the nature of womens involvement in Australian Rules Football. Rather than have a single theoretical underpinning, an interdisciplinary approach, albeit with a feminist perspective, was applied because of the broad scope of the study. Australian Rules Football is an institution that can transcend class, race, and gender. It is also a multi-billion dollar industry. The game traces its origins back to 1858 and claims influences from rugby and an Aboriginal game called marn-grook. While it is played mainly by men, exclusively at league level, interest and involvement is not limited by gender.
Academics and administrators have frequently written off womens involvement with football. Even though scholarly interest in both sport and feminism has grown since the 1970s, little significant work has been undertaken to examine womens interaction with Australian Rules Football. Leading Australian feminist Anne Summers rejected the notion that women could find anything of value in football apart from following players as devoted wives, mothers, girlfriends or groupies. Through investigation of monographs and edited collections, I reveal that myriad scholars, feminists and historians have missed the point of sporting scholarship: many women enjoy involvement with football, they understand the game and its strategies and value being part of the football community in diverse and evolving capacities.
The original contribution to knowledge in this doctorate is to demonstrate that while women have had a central role in the development and maintenance of Australian Rules Football since the game was founded in colonial times, their contribution has gone unacknowledged by historians and administrators. My thesis places on record those omissions. Particularly, I highlight the lack of acknowledgement and respect for the work of a woman who authored a comprehensive and seminal social history written on the game. This is the archetypal example of how women, in many roles both professional and personal have been marginalized, despite playing pivotal roles with Australian Rules Football. The original contribution contained in these pages tracks Australian gender relations through the social institution of Australian Rules Football. To create both space and strategies for the revaluation of women in football history, a new model of female fandom is offered. The testimony of the women included is weighty in numbers and pithy in content. The scale of interviews represents diversity in age, class, ethnicity, regionality and role or function with football. Superficially it may appear that women can be placed in taxonomy. Womens involvement with Australian Rules Football is complex and their involvement enmeshes in the many facets and spheres of the game.
The completion of this thesis follows the long overdue appointment of the A.F.L.s first female commissioner, Samantha Mostyn, in June 2005. Without disrespecting Mostyn, this was a tokenistic cultural shift by adding a commissioner to the existing eight males with the goal of adding further business expertise, not a new insight or strategic cultural intervention. It also comes at a time when the Australian Football Leagues has a new challenge to address, with the growing interest and participation in Association Football in Australia after the qualification for the 2006 World Cup. At this moment of change and contestation, Womens Australian Rules competitions are impoverished through lack of structural and financial support while womens Association Football, both in Australia and internationally, is flourishing.
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A taxonomy of rules : authority, dangers, and possibilitiesFriedman, Muriel Rebecca. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.I.S.) --University of Montana, 2009. / Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 11, 2009. ETD number: etd-03202009-115827. Author supplied keywords: rules ; rule types ; ethics ; business ethics ; social theory. Includes bibliographical references.
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An exploration of the relationships among organizational size, flexible work practices, training, and organizational performance using the 2002 National Organizations SurveyBoulay, David Andrew, January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-112).
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Die Betriebsordnung als Ausdruck nationalsozialistischen Rechtsdenkens im Gegensatz zu ihren Vorläufern /Böhlhoff, Heinz. January 1936 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Philipp-Universität zu Marburg.
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Die Einschränkung von Arbeitnehmerrechten in Tendenzunternehmen /Härle, Klaus. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Frankfurt am Main.
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Eckpunkte der Parteistellung Wegweiser für Gesetzgebung und Vollziehung /Wessely, Wolfgang. January 2008 (has links)
Habilitation - Universität, Wien, 2006. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [251]-259) and index.
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Charakter monetární politiky České národní banky z pohledu Taylorova pravidlaŘepová, Jana January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Das normas regimentais básicas ao regimento: uma investigação sobre a autonomia escolarDelgado Neto, Júlio [UNESP] 11 September 2008 (has links) (PDF)
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delgadoneto_j_me_rcla.pdf: 532061 bytes, checksum: f2621939c67fe4dc8433d315bbfd63e0 (MD5) / Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo / Esta pesquisa investiga o processo de elaboração do Regimento Escolar em Escolas Estaduais da Diretoria de Ensino de Bauru-SP, partindo do contexto da política educacional do fim da década de 1980 e início da década de 1990; dos princípios educacionais de autonomia e gestão democrática presentes na Constituição Federal de 1988, da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9.394/96 e do documento denominado Normas Regimentais Básicas Para as Escolas Estaduais, que serviram de referência para que cada escola elaborasse seu Regimento próprio a partir do ano de 1998. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar no Regimento de Escolas Estaduais em que medida estas superaram o que prescrevia o documento Normas Regimentais Básicas para as Escolas Estaduais, e o que os pontos analisados sugerem a respeito da autonomia escolar. Para o seu desenvolvimento utilizou-se a metodologia de investigação qualitativa, realizada por meio de dois procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados: no primeiro momento, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, com consulta às obras e demais estudos que tratam da questão da autonomia e da autonomia escolar, bem como a legislação e demais documentações referentes ao tema. No segundo momento, foi realizada a coleta de dados referentes às escolas e alguns pontos do seu funcionamento, por meio de um questionário aplicado diretamente aos diretores, além da aquisição da cópia do Regimento de cada escola, cópia da ata de aprovação do Regimento pelo Conselho de Escola e cópia do Parecer da Supervisão Escolar. Ao final, concluiu-se que as escolas alteraram muito pouco do que prescreviam as Normas Regimentais Básicas, e que os pontos modificados sugerem também muito pouco com relação à autonomia das escolas, devido a dois fatores principais:... / This research investigates the process of drafting the Rules Elementary Schools in the State Board of Education of Bauru-SP, on the context of the educational policy of the end of the 80 and beginning of the 90, the educational principles of autonomy an democratic management in the Federal Constituition of 1988; in the National Education Laws of Policies in Bases nº 9.394/96, and the document called Basic Standards Rules for States Schools, which served as a reference for each school draw up its own rules, from the year 1998. The objective of this study is to identify schools in the Rules of State, to what extent they overcame what prescribed the document “Basic Standards Rules for State Schools”, and suggest that the points discussed on school autonomy. For the development of this work was used a methodology of qualitative research, conducted through two procedures for collecting and analyzing data: the first time, it made a documentary and bibliographical survey, consultation with the works and other studies that deal with the issue of and autonomy of school autonomy as well as legislation an other documentation relating to the subject. The second time, it performed the collection of data on schools and some points of this operation, using a questionnaire applied directly to directors, in addition to the acquisition of a copy of the Rules of each school, a copy of minutes of the Rules adopted by the Council of School and copy of the opinion of the School Supervision. In the end, it was concluded that schools changed very little of what prescribed the Basic Standards Rules, and the modified points also suggest very little about autonomy of schools, due to two main factors: the extremely authoritarian and centralized context of the time, and mobilization of small schools to break with that situation.
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